NDSU Virtual Cell Animations Project animation 'Transcription'. For more information please see http://vcell.ndsu.edu/animations Photosynthesis allows plants to use the energy in light to produce molecular oxygen. Photosystem II is the complex where this action occurs.

This is closeup of the gold electrode after the photosystem I protein was deposited on the surface.

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The Blimp filled with helium lifts the remote control camera rig

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We feed off nuclear reactions in space...Every calorie that we eat comes directly or indirectly from sunlight captured by plants. Light is harvested by chlorophylls in the antennae complex of photosystem I, then funneled to the reaction center where the biochemical work of photosynthesis begins.

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Photosynthesis takes the human/animal waste product carbon-dioxide (CO2) and in the presence of light and water creates the things we need for cellular respiration, oxygen and glucose. See the following links: Cellular Respiration - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OqSnts1C_0g Calvin Cycle - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VFp-4vo6Ch8 Light and Pigments - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OUUsKXR27rs The initial stage of the photosynthetic system is the light-dependent reactions, which convert light -solar energy- into chemical (potential) energy. The light dependent reactions specifically produce oxygen gas and convert ADP into ATP and NADP+ into NADPH. Organisms form the kingdom Plantae usually use noncyclic(do not reCYCLE same electrons) photophosphorylation, a two-stage process involving two different chlorophyll photosystems. First, light strikes a plant, specifically a cell. This cell has an organelle(s) called a chloroplast that gives photosynthetic cells their characteristic green color. Chloroplasts have structures called stroma. Stroma are full of hollow disks (similar to a whoopie cushion) called thylakoids arranged in stacks call grana. There are membrane proteins implanted into the surface of the thylakoid called photosystem II and photosystem I that have a pigment called chlorophyll located on the top of these proteins.***Photo System I comes second, but was discovered first and Photo System II was found second and named for that reason even though it comes first.*** Light particles, called photons, strike the electrons located in the chlorophyll of photo system II, Now in an excited state, they travel along the thylakoid membrane to photo system I where they are re-excited by photons again moving them to the acceptor molecule NADP+. The flow of electrons through the membrane proteins creates a concentration gradient, also known as proton motive force, which drives ATP synthesis through chemiosmosis (see http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Btl0ltsw4m0). The electrons originally lost in Photo System II must be replaced. A water molecule is broken down into 2H+ + 1/2 O2 + 2e- by a process called photolysis (or light-splitting). The two electrons from the water molecule replenish electrons lost in photosystem II's chlorophyll. Meanwhile the 2H+ and 1/2O2 are left out for further use. The photosystem II complex replaced its lost electrons from an external source, however, the two other electrons are not returned to photosystem II as they are in the analogous cyclic pathway(prokaryotes like cyanobacteria). The highly excited electrons are transferred to the acceptor molecule, but this time are passed on to an enzyme called Ferredoxin- NADP reductase(NADP+ reductase), for short FNR, which uses them to catalyze the following reaction (as shown): NADP+ + 2H+ + 2e- → NADPH + H+ This consumes the H+ ions produced by the splitting of water, leading to a net production of 1/2O2, ATP, and NADPH+H+ with the consumption of the light(photons) and water. Next are the dark reactions(not light dependant)... The Calvin Cycle - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VFp-4vo6Ch8

this is what we do in bio lecture at cornell...

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Este video es un set de 3 que encontré en un viejo CD de PC Users (el número 2). Esto es de Febrero del '97. Para que se den una idea, el CD venía con el IE 3.01. Not a Spanish speaker? I took this video from a CD bundled with an old-school IT magazine named "PC users", which now is named "Users." This is dated back from February '97

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Photo System

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During photosynthesis, the cells in green plants undergo two simultaneous reactions, both of which rely on a separate kind of protein. Photosystem I protein molecules use the trapped energy in sunlight to convert carbon dioxide into carbon and oxygen. This provides the plant food in the form of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids - the building blocks of life. Photosystem II protein molecules use light energy to split water into hydrogen and oxygen for plant respiration. While humans have only been developing solar power technology for a few decades, plants have been evolving for billions of years to perfect their photosynthetic technique. By studying how plants accomplish this remarkable feat, scientists hope to someday also develop systems that use light as a power source. Identifying and studying characteristics of the protein's metabolism may someday also be used for applications in pollution prevention and environmental clean-ups.

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Whitney and Ryan's biology project...Rap to Yeah by Usher Lyrics: Pho- pho- pho- pho-to Synthesis Pho- pho- pho- pho-to Synthesis Up in the chloroplasts tryin'a make a little ATP but it's down on the low key, Cuz you know how it is. You see I needed some photons only a length of 680, cuz that's all I absorb. Cuz of absorption spectrum. A wavelength of 680 It made the z protein ready to go (watch out, oh, watch out) It splits up water you know. H2O splits to give us oxygen to breathe, and two electrons Along with two hydrogen's. (Pho-to)--Photo system 1 accepts the sunlight (Pho-to)--Photo system 2 makes the ATP. (Pho-to)--Calvin cycle makes the sugar finally. (Synthesis)--That's how photosynthesis is done in c3's Pho- pho- pho- pho-to Synthesis Pho- pho- pho- pho-to Synthesis O2 diffuses through the thylakoids; the electrons get excited for ETC Electron transport chain Enzymes use energy from electrons; pass them along make a concentration gradient forms ATP Electrons go to photo system 2 with a new wavelength Yo! Length of 700 makes the electrons excited again, fo Ferrodoxin homes Takes them in with NAD+ and ADP + Pi Makes ATP and NADPH (Pho-to)--Photo system 1 happens in the grana (Pho-to)--Right near the openings called the stomata (Pho-to)--The whole thing is a redox reaction nana (Synthesis)--And a protein pump helps make ATP Calvin! Watch out! My process is ridiculous, in the stroma endin' photosynthesis. And rowl! CO2 is on the prowl. If it enters me, Imma make PGAL. Forget about that, Imma make glucose, I can't do this less I got that rubisco...DING! So gimmie ATP and NADPH...Imma put em together to make oxceloacetate. But I left out carbon fixation, where we take carbon molecules and make them big. How you like me now, when the pigments of the thylakoids accept the light. Carotenoids, they help you see while chlorophyll has forms a and b. The light we need comes from the electric magnetic spectrum makes light reactions click. (Pho-to)--Photo system 1 accepts the sunlight (Pho-to)--Photo system 2 is what makes ATP. (Pho-to)--Calvin cycle makes the sugar finally. (Synthesis)--That's how photosynthesis is done in c3's Take that, rewind it back, ADP plus an inorganic phosphate go back. Take that rewind it back, NADP+ goes all the way back. Take that rewind it ADP, plus an inorganic phosphate go back. Take that rewind it back, NADP+ goes all the way back.

Whoa, a new video? That was unexpected. I had fun at the ABO (Australian Biology Olympiad), and now I know all about plant reproduction, animal reproduction, animal development, the sarcoplasmic reticulum, G-proteins, Photosystem I, V-max, isocitrate dehydrogenase etc. Well, enjoy this video. The rest of the videos in this series can be found here: http://au.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=556C0562B3CD4F16

Only using the mobile phone camera!!!

Works on an 5.00m33 update Enjoy! The link is on the video too http://tinyurl.com/CTF-500m33 You need to have the CXMB plugin v3.3: http://www.mediafire.com/?dzjjyzq2znz

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WWW.CREATIVEPHOTOSYSTEM.COM

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