Leones Alados de Nimrud en el British Museum, agosto de 2007

The British Museum in London is incredible. Here are a few examples of what you will find. The Standard of Ur, Assyrian palaces of Nineveh and Nimrud, and the Elgin Marbles.

1.Nineveh Nineveh (Akkadian: Ninua; Aramaic: ܢܝܢܘܐ; Hebrew: נינוה, Nīnewē; Arabic: نينوى, Naīnuwa), an "exceeding great city", as it is called in the Book of Jonah, lay on the eastern bank of the Tigris in ancient Akkadia across the river from the modern-day major city of Mosul, Iraq. 2.Kish Kish (KIŠKI' cuneiform:?; Sumerian:kiš; Akkadian:?)is modern Tell al-Uhaymir, (Babil Governorate, Iraq), and was an ancient city of Sumer. Kish is located some 12 km east of Babylon, and 80 km south of Baghdad. 3.Nippur Nippur (URUEN.LIL ₗ⇸; Sumerian: Nibru; Akkadian: Nibbur), from the Sumerian for 'lord wind' (Enlil), is modern ? in Afak Al Qadisyah Governorate, Iraq. Nippur was one of the most ancient (some historians date it back to 5262 BCE) of all the Sumerian cities. It was the special seat of the worship of the Sumerian god, Enlil, ruler of the cosmos subject to Anu alone. 4.Ur Ur (URU? &#x;&#x;; Sumerian:urim; Akkadian:?) is modern Tell el-Mukayyar, Iraq, and was a city in ancient Sumer. Once a coastal city near the mouth of the then Euphrates river on the Persian Gulf, Ur is now well inland. Currently, Ur is south of the Euphrates on its right bank, 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) from Nasiriyah, Iraq and close to the site of ancient Eridu. The site is marked by the ruins of a ziggurat, still largely intact, and by settlement mounds. The ziggurat of Ur was a temple of Nanna, the moon deity in Sumerian mythology, and has two stages constructed from brick: in the lower stage the bricks are joined together with bitumen, in the upper stage they are joined with mortar. The temple was built in 2100 B.C. during the reign of Ur-Nammu. The temple stands 70 feet (21 m) high. 5.Nimrud: Nimrud is an ancient Assyrian city located south of Nineveh on the river Tigris. The city covered an area of around 16 square miles (41 km2). Ruins of the city are found in modern day Iraq, some 30 kilometres (19 mi) southeast of Mosul. In ancient times the city was called Kalhu. The Arabs called the city Nimrud after Nimrod, a legendary hunting hero. 6.Uruk: Uruk (URUUNUG ⌷—, Sumerian: unug; Akkadian: uruk), from the Akkadian rendering of the Sumerian toponym 'unug', is modern Warka (Arabic: وركاء), Iraq. Uruk was an ancient city of Sumer and later Babylonia, situated east of the present bed of the Euphrates river, on the ancient Nil canal, some 30 km east of As-Samawah, Al-Muthannā, Iraq. The modern name Iraq is thought to be derived from the name Uruk. At its height c 2900 BCE, Uruk probably had 50,00080,000 residents living in 6 km2 of walled area; the largest city in the world at its time. Peace

fordítás: AlbeoAccipiter HISTORY BEGINS AT SUMER: GENESIS 10, 8-13: Cush was the father of Nimrod, who began to show himself a man of might on earth; and he was a mighty hunter before the Lord, as the saying goes, 'Like Nimrod, a mighty hunter before the Lord'. His kingdom in the beginning consisted of Babel, Erech, and Accad, all of them in the land of Shinar*. From that land he migrated to Asshur and built Nineveh, Rehoboth-Ir, Calah, and Resen, a great city between Nineveh and Calah. [The New English Bible, Cambridge University Press, New York, p. 10] Shinar: the land of Sumer in Mesopotamia [Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary]. MYTHOLOGY - ORIGINS AND EARLY HISTORY The Hungarians, who call themselves Magyar, have an ancient traditional pre-christian account of their origins according to which they were the descendents of Nimrod (also spelled as Nimrud), son of Cush; Nimrod and Eneth had two sons, Magor and Hunor; Magor was the ancestor of the Magyars, and Hunor was the ancestor of the Huns, thus symbolizing the common origins of the Huns and of the Magyars. Byzantine sources mention that the Magyars were also known as the Sabirs who originated from Northern Mesopotamia, which was referred to as Subir-ki by the Sumerians who also originated from this land. Numerous other ancient and medieval sources also refer to the Scythians, Huns, Avars and Magyars as identical peoples. Independently from the various political regimes which have ruled over Hungary and which have imposed the current official version of the origins and history of the Hungarians, modern scientific and scholarly research has confirmed the Sumerian-Scythian-Hun-Avar-Magyar ethno-linguistic relationship and continuity. Thus, the biblical references, ancient sources and modern independent scientific and scholarly research all concur with the Hungarians's own ancient account of their origins. http://www.hunmagyar.org/tor/chron.htm http://www.magyarmenedek.com/index.ph... http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WAo38h... http://www.magyarmenedek.com/products... http://expona.net/TheGoldofSkythes.htm http://www.magtudin.org/Homeland%208.htm http://www.angelfire.com/realm3/hmult... http://www.hungarian-history.hu/lib/d... http://www.hungarian-history.hu/lib/g... http://www.acronet.net/~magyar/englis... http://www.michelangelo.cn/index.php?... http://users.cwnet.com/millenia/alpha... http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content... http://grokhovs1.chat.ru/legacy.html http://www.magtudin.org/Homeland%208.htm http://www.magtudin.org/ http://www.chicagohungarians.com/radi... http://www.pelzo.hu/index_eng.html http://www.hunmagyar.org/ http://groups.msn.com/MagyarokAVilagh... http://www.feherlofia.hu/publik_htlm/... http://www.magtudin.org/Olvasmanyok%2... http://istvandr.kiszely.hu/ostortenet/ http://www.maghar.hu/maghar_uj/etrusz... http://www.angelfire.com/realm3/hmult... http://mek.oszk.hu/00900/00940/html/ http://www.youtube.com/profile?user=D... http://yamaguchy.netfirms.com/magyar_... http://mars.elte.hu/varak/terkep+list... http://dobogommt.hu/dobogo/letoltes.p... http://www.rovasirokor-forrai.xw.hu/ http://epa.oszk.hu/00000/00022/00492/... http://www.hazankert.com/04szept_3.html http://www.grandpierre.hu/ http://www.szinia.hu/ http://www.igazsag.net/ http://www.aranytarsoly.hu/ http://tdyweb.wbteam.com/Utolag.php http://www.hufo.info/tortenelmicd.htm http://expona.net/TheGoldofSkythes.htm Schythians - Huns

Hazrat Ibrahim (A.S.) was detailed to preach his Mission (Oneness of Allah) during the time of Emperor Nimrud. People worshipped idols, the stars and other phenomena occurring in nature. And when Ibrahim said to his father, Azar (i.e., the man who had brought him up): Do you take idols for gods? Surely I see you and your people in manifest error. (6:74)Hazrat Ibrahim (A.S.) is also accredited for raising the foundation of Holy Kaa'ba - the first house made for mankind at Mecca. And when Ibrahim and Ismail raised the foundations of the House: Our Lord! Accept from us; surely Thou art the Hearing, the Knowing: (2:127)

HUNGARIAN HISTORICAL CHRONOLOGY HISTORY BEGINS AT SUMER: GENESIS 10, 8-13: Cush was the father of Nimrod, who began to show himself a man of might on earth; and he was a mighty hunter before the Lord, as the saying goes, 'Like Nimrod, a mighty hunter before the Lord'. His kingdom in the beginning consisted of Babel, Erech, and Accad, all of them in the land of Shinar*. From that land he migrated to Asshur and built Nineveh, Rehoboth-Ir, Calah, and Resen, a great city between Nineveh and Calah. [The New English Bible, Cambridge University Press, New York, p. 10] Shinar: the land of Sumer in Mesopotamia [Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary]. MYTHOLOGY - ORIGINS AND EARLY HISTORY The Hungarians, who call themselves Magyar, have an ancient traditional pre-christian account of their origins according to which they were the descendents of Nimrod (also spelled as Nimrud), son of Cush; Nimrod and Eneth had two sons, Magor and Hunor; Magor was the ancestor of the Magyars, and Hunor was the ancestor of the Huns, thus symbolizing the common origins of the Huns and of the Magyars. Byzantine sources mention that the Magyars were also known as the Sabirs who originated from Northern Mesopotamia, which was referred to as Subir-ki by the Sumerians who also originated from this land. Numerous other ancient and medieval sources also refer to the Scythians, Huns, Avars and Magyars as identical peoples. Independently from the various political regimes which have ruled over Hungary and which have imposed the current official version of the origins and history of the Hungarians, modern scientific and scholarly research has confirmed the Sumerian-Scythian-Hun-Avar-Magyar ethno-linguistic relationship and continuity. Thus, the biblical references, ancient sources and modern independent scientific and scholarly research all concur with the Hungarians's own ancient account of their origins. http://www.hunmagyar.org/tor/chron.htm Az ősföldre visszatér Árpád! "honfoglalás" Hivatalos történelemírásunk szerint a "honfoglalás" csak egy kényszercselekvés volt, mivel a kazár birodalomhoz tartozó Magyarok egy bessenyő támadás miatt menekültek a Kárpát- medencébe, ahol már előttük betelepült nem magyar népeket találtak. E hamis és torz nézetet a független magyar tudományos történészet megcáfolta: képtelenség lett volna egy többszázezres néptömeget rendben és épségben áttelepíteni ha egy súlyos vereség után menekülnie kellett volna. A "honfoglalás" egy sok előkészülettel és magas szervezőképességgel sikeresen lebonyolított hatalmas méretű katonai, és népmozgósítási teljesítmény. A "honfoglalás" lezáró cselekedete volt az Ópusztaszeri államalapító országgyűlés, ahol a Vérszerződéssel megalakult magyar nemzet a Kárpátmedencébe előzőleg betelepült rokonnépekkel egyesülve létre hozta a magyar államot! Hun kapcsolat (röviden): Attilának a közvetlen leszármazottja Árpád volt! Árpád ezért jogos útoda a Hun birodalomnak amibe bele tartozott az egész Kárpát-medence is. Árpád őséhez hasonlóan egyesitette a közel álló népeket,törzseket,fejdelmeket, és a volt Hun birodalom egyik központjába a Kárpát medencébe megalapította a magyar államot. A Hun birodalom foszlányaiból ott maradt Székelyek, Csángók stb. testvér visszatérésnek tekinteték "Árpádékat" Így gyorsan, és békésen egyesülhetek. A "honfoglalás" nem sikerülhetett volna ha valóban ellenséges/idegen népek lakták volna a Kárpát-medencét. Szóval ezért is beszélhetünk visszatérésről, és jogos területekről. song: Ferenc Demjén - Fly Fly videó anyaga: "Honfoglalás" című filmből, és a "Hungarica - Ide születtem" klipből

hang: Damaszkusz-tól: Ébredj Hazám...Magyarország igaz története - szóval és zenével! http://www.magyarmenedek.com/?pub=123 HISTORY BEGINS AT SUMER: GENESIS 10, 8-13: Cush was the father of Nimrod, who began to show himself a man of might on earth; and he was a mighty hunter before the Lord, as the saying goes, 'Like Nimrod, a mighty hunter before the Lord'. His kingdom in the beginning consisted of Babel, Erech, and Accad, all of them in the land of Shinar*. From that land he migrated to Asshur and built Nineveh, Rehoboth-Ir, Calah, and Resen, a great city between Nineveh and Calah. [The New English Bible, Cambridge University Press, New York, p. 10] Shinar: the land of Sumer in Mesopotamia [Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary]. MYTHOLOGY - ORIGINS AND EARLY HISTORY The Hungarians, who call themselves Magyar, have an ancient traditional pre-christian account of their origins according to which they were the descendents of Nimrod (also spelled as Nimrud), son of Cush; Nimrod and Eneth had two sons, Magor and Hunor; Magor was the ancestor of the Magyars, and Hunor was the ancestor of the Huns, thus symbolizing the common origins of the Huns and of the Magyars. Byzantine sources mention that the Magyars were also known as the Sabirs who originated from Northern Mesopotamia, which was referred to as Subir-ki by the Sumerians who also originated from this land. Numerous other ancient and medieval sources also refer to the Scythians, Huns, Avars and Magyars as identical peoples. Independently from the various political regimes which have ruled over Hungary and which have imposed the current official version of the origins and history of the Hungarians, modern scientific and scholarly research has confirmed the Sumerian-Scythian-Hun-Avar-Magyar ethno-linguistic relationship and continuity. Thus, the biblical references, ancient sources and modern independent scientific and scholarly research all concur with the Hungarians's own ancient account of their origins. http://www.hunmagyar.org/tor/chron.htm http://www.magyarmenedek.com/index.ph... http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WAo38h... http://www.magyarmenedek.com/products... http://expona.net/TheGoldofSkythes.htm http://www.magtudin.org/Homeland%208.htm http://www.angelfire.com/realm3/hmult... http://www.hungarian-history.hu/lib/d... http://www.hungarian-history.hu/lib/g... http://www.acronet.net/~magyar/englis... http://www.michelangelo.cn/index.php?... http://users.cwnet.com/millenia/alpha... http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content... http://grokhovs1.chat.ru/legacy.html http://www.magtudin.org/Homeland%208.htm http://www.magtudin.org/ http://www.chicagohungarians.com/radi... http://www.pelzo.hu/index_eng.html http://www.hunmagyar.org/ http://groups.msn.com/MagyarokAVilagh... http://www.feherlofia.hu/publik_htlm/... http://www.magtudin.org/Olvasmanyok%2... http://istvandr.kiszely.hu/ostortenet/ http://www.maghar.hu/maghar_uj/etrusz... http://www.angelfire.com/realm3/hmult... http://mek.oszk.hu/00900/00940/html/ http://www.youtube.com/profile?user=D... http://yamaguchy.netfirms.com/magyar_... http://mars.elte.hu/varak/terkep+list... http://dobogommt.hu/dobogo/letoltes.p... http://www.rovasirokor-forrai.xw.hu/ http://epa.oszk.hu/00000/00022/00492/... http://www.hazankert.com/04szept_3.html http://www.grandpierre.hu/ http://www.szinia.hu/ http://www.igazsag.net/ http://www.aranytarsoly.hu/ http://tdyweb.wbteam.com/Utolag.php http://www.hufo.info/tortenelmicd.htm http://expona.net/TheGoldofSkythes.htm

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Heroes and Villains: Attila the Hun HISTORY BEGINS AT SUMER: GENESIS 10, 8-13: Cush was the father of Nimrod, who began to show himself a man of might on earth; and he was a mighty hunter before the Lord, as the saying goes, 'Like Nimrod, a mighty hunter before the Lord'. His kingdom in the beginning consisted of Babel, Erech, and Accad, all of them in the land of Shinar*. From that land he migrated to Asshur and built Nineveh, Rehoboth-Ir, Calah, and Resen, a great city between Nineveh and Calah. [The New English Bible, Cambridge University Press, New York, p. 10] Shinar: the land of Sumer in Mesopotamia [Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary]. MYTHOLOGY - ORIGINS AND EARLY HISTORY The Hungarians, who call themselves Magyar, have an ancient traditional pre-christian account of their origins according to which they were the descendents of Nimrod (also spelled as Nimrud), son of Cush; Nimrod and Eneth had two sons, Magor and Hunor; Magor was the ancestor of the Magyars, and Hunor was the ancestor of the Huns, thus symbolizing the common origins of the Huns and of the Magyars. Byzantine sources mention that the Magyars were also known as the Sabirs who originated from Northern Mesopotamia, which was referred to as Subir-ki by the Sumerians who also originated from this land. Numerous other ancient and medieval sources also refer to the Scythians, Huns, Avars and Magyars as identical peoples. Independently from the various political regimes which have ruled over Hungary and which have imposed the current official version of the origins and history of the Hungarians, modern scientific and scholarly research has confirmed the Sumerian-Scythian-Hun-Avar-Magyar ethno-linguistic relationship and continuity. Thus, the biblical references, ancient sources and modern independent scientific and scholarly research all concur with the Hungarians's own ancient account of their origins. http://www.hunmagyar.org/tor/chron.htm http://www.magyarmenedek.com/index.ph... http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WAo38h... http://www.magyarmenedek.com/products... http://expona.net/TheGoldofSkythes.htm http://www.magtudin.org/Homeland%208.htm http://www.angelfire.com/realm3/hmult... http://www.hungarian-history.hu/lib/d... http://www.hungarian-history.hu/lib/g... http://www.acronet.net/~magyar/englis... http://www.michelangelo.cn/index.php?... http://users.cwnet.com/millenia/alpha... http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content... http://grokhovs1.chat.ru/legacy.html http://www.magtudin.org/Homeland%208.htm http://www.magtudin.org/ http://www.chicagohungarians.com/radi... http://www.pelzo.hu/index_eng.html http://www.hunmagyar.org/ http://groups.msn.com/MagyarokAVilagh... http://www.feherlofia.hu/publik_htlm/... http://www.magtudin.org/Olvasmanyok%2... http://istvandr.kiszely.hu/ostortenet/ http://www.maghar.hu/maghar_uj/etrusz... http://www.angelfire.com/realm3/hmult... http://mek.oszk.hu/00900/00940/html/ http://www.youtube.com/profile?user=D... http://yamaguchy.netfirms.com/magyar_... http://mars.elte.hu/varak/terkep+list... http://dobogommt.hu/dobogo/letoltes.p... http://www.rovasirokor-forrai.xw.hu/ http://epa.oszk.hu/00000/00022/00492/... http://www.hazankert.com/04szept_3.html http://www.grandpierre.hu/ http://www.szinia.hu/ http://www.igazsag.net/ http://www.aranytarsoly.hu/ http://tdyweb.wbteam.com/Utolag.php http://www.hufo.info/tortenelmicd.htm http://expona.net/TheGoldofSkythes.htm

Sumer: Eridu • Kish • Uruk • Ur • Lagash • Nippur • Ngirsu Elam: Susa Akkadian Empire: Akkad • Mari Amorites: Isin • Larsa Babylonia: Babylon • Chaldea Hittites • Kassites • Hurrians/Mitanni Assyria: Assur • Nimrud • Dur-Sharrukin • Nineveh Kurd Elam Turk Arab Semitic Aryan White Latin Black

Translated by: Dr. Stephanie Dalley, a former teacher of the Akkadian language at the Universities of Edinburgh and Oxford and is now Shillito Fellow in Assyriolology at the Oriental Institute, Oxford and a Senior Research Fellow of Somerville College. She also has worked on various excavations in the Middle East and has published cuneiform tablets found there by the British Archaeological Expedition to Iraq. http://www.orinst.ox.ac.uk/html/staff/eanes/sdalley.html The Epic of Anzu is principally known in two versions. The Old Babylonian version of the early second millennium exists as a small portion of the tale, giving the hero as Ningirsu, a warrior-god who was patron of the city Girsu in central Mesopotamia. That city is chiefly known in the late third millennium from the inscriptions of Gudea, a Sumerian governor who rebuilt Eninnu, Ningirsu's temple, and composed long inscriptions in honour of the event, and from many fine objects found by the French in the excavation of strata which date around that time: the lion-headed eagle Anzu is often depicted on them. However, no Sumerian account of the story is known, and Anzu in the Sumerian Epic of Lugalbanda has a quite different character and role: he is a benevolent bird whose offspring are fed during his absence by the hero of the epic. As far as its fragmentary condition allows us to judge, the Old Babylonian version of Anzu was written in an abbreviated form in which repetitious passages are not written verbatim. Ningirsu is given the title 'the God' or perhaps Tl' in this version. The god Shara also plays a prominent role. He was the patron god of Umma, a city in central Mesopotamia which likewise flourished in the late third millennium and was not important thereafter. The Standard Babylonian version, dating to the first millen­nium bc, may have consisted of about 720 lines on three four-column tablets. Some were found on the Late Assyrian sites of Nineveh, Tarbisu and Sultantepe, and probably belong to the seventh century bc. Another tablet comes from a museum collection in the USA and is of unknown provenance. It is Late Babylonian, but seems to have followed the Nineveh version closely. In this version the hero is Ninurta whose great cult centre at that time was Kalah, modern Nimrud, one of the Assyrian kings' capital cities in the ninth and eighth centuries bc. The walls of Ninurta's temple there are faced with monumental stone sculptures illustrating a cosmic battle, prob­ably a version of the Anzu epic. The story gives Ninurta the title 'Bel', 'The Lord', equivalent to West Semitic Ba'al. Repeated episodes are written out in full. The colophon to the Tarbisu version implies that the written story was known to the Hur-rians, who were powerful in the mid- to late second millennium and at times controlled Assyria from their cities north-west of Assyria. The story centres around possession of the Tablet of Destinies. The narrative structure is very similar to that of the Epic of Creation, both in the struggle to regain possession by the good gods, and in the pronouncement of names and hypostases for the victorious hero-god. The opening lines of the epic introduce the theme in the first person, representing the singer or poet, and are very closely comparable to the opening lines of Erra and Ishum. Nergal and Ninurta are quite close in some aspects of their characters, and in Erra and Ishum the defeat of Anzu with a net and the conquest of osafcfcu-demons are attributed to Nergal/Erra. The fight of Ninurta to defeat the asa/ckM-demons is known from the mainly Sumerian epic story of cosmic warfare called Lugal-e, and a companion story An-gim. These were very popular tales during both the second and the early first millennia. Sumerian Ninurta is armed with his trusty weapon Sharur; in Anzu Sharur plays a significant role as Ninurta's courier in the field of conflict. In Lugal-e his mother, the great goddess Nin-mah, speaks in support of him and is given the name Ninhursag, just as in Anzu, the mother of Ninurta as Belet-ili or Mami speaks in support of her son and is given the new title 'Mistress of All Gods'. Other epic deeds of Ninurta are known only from passing references: he slew the bull-man in the sea; he slew the six-headed wild ram on the mountain; he slew the seven-headed serpent. The Anzu epic and its ramifications in other tales illustrate how a common stock of narrative themes was used in different stories, and adapted in various places for diverse gods. Peace

Translated by: Dr. Stephanie Dalley, a former teacher of the Akkadian language at the Universities of Edinburgh and Oxford and is now Shillito Fellow in Assyriolology at the Oriental Institute, Oxford and a Senior Research Fellow of Somerville College. She also has worked on various excavations in the Middle East and has published cuneiform tablets found there by the British Archaeological Expedition to Iraq. http://www.orinst.ox.ac.uk/html/staff/eanes/sdalley.html The Epic of Anzu is principally known in two versions. The Old Babylonian version of the early second millennium exists as a small portion of the tale, giving the hero as Ningirsu, a warrior-god who was patron of the city Girsu in central Mesopotamia. That city is chiefly known in the late third millennium from the inscriptions of Gudea, a Sumerian governor who rebuilt Eninnu, Ningirsu's temple, and composed long inscriptions in honour of the event, and from many fine objects found by the French in the excavation of strata which date around that time: the lion-headed eagle Anzu is often depicted on them. However, no Sumerian account of the story is known, and Anzu in the Sumerian Epic of Lugalbanda has a quite different character and role: he is a benevolent bird whose offspring are fed during his absence by the hero of the epic. As far as its fragmentary condition allows us to judge, the Old Babylonian version of Anzu was written in an abbreviated form in which repetitious passages are not written verbatim. Ningirsu is given the title 'the God' or perhaps Tl' in this version. The god Shara also plays a prominent role. He was the patron god of Umma, a city in central Mesopotamia which likewise flourished in the late third millennium and was not important thereafter. The Standard Babylonian version, dating to the first millen­nium bc, may have consisted of about 720 lines on three four-column tablets. Some were found on the Late Assyrian sites of Nineveh, Tarbisu and Sultantepe, and probably belong to the seventh century bc. Another tablet comes from a museum collection in the USA and is of unknown provenance. It is Late Babylonian, but seems to have followed the Nineveh version closely. In this version the hero is Ninurta whose great cult centre at that time was Kalah, modern Nimrud, one of the Assyrian kings' capital cities in the ninth and eighth centuries bc. The walls of Ninurta's temple there are faced with monumental stone sculptures illustrating a cosmic battle, prob­ably a version of the Anzu epic. The story gives Ninurta the title 'Bel', 'The Lord', equivalent to West Semitic Ba'al. Repeated episodes are written out in full. The colophon to the Tarbisu version implies that the written story was known to the Hur-rians, who were powerful in the mid- to late second millennium and at times controlled Assyria from their cities north-west of Assyria. The story centres around possession of the Tablet of Destinies. The narrative structure is very similar to that of the Epic of Creation, both in the struggle to regain possession by the good gods, and in the pronouncement of names and hypostases for the victorious hero-god. The opening lines of the epic introduce the theme in the first person, representing the singer or poet, and are very closely comparable to the opening lines of Erra and Ishum. Nergal and Ninurta are quite close in some aspects of their characters, and in Erra and Ishum the defeat of Anzu with a net and the conquest of osafcfcu-demons are attributed to Nergal/Erra. The fight of Ninurta to defeat the asa/ckM-demons is known from the mainly Sumerian epic story of cosmic warfare called Lugal-e, and a companion story An-gim. These were very popular tales during both the second and the early first millennia. Sumerian Ninurta is armed with his trusty weapon Sharur; in Anzu Sharur plays a significant role as Ninurta's courier in the field of conflict. In Lugal-e his mother, the great goddess Nin-mah, speaks in support of him and is given the name Ninhursag, just as in Anzu, the mother of Ninurta as Belet-ili or Mami speaks in support of her son and is given the new title 'Mistress of All Gods'. Other epic deeds of Ninurta are known only from passing references: he slew the bull-man in the sea; he slew the six-headed wild ram on the mountain; he slew the seven-headed serpent. The Anzu epic and its ramifications in other tales illustrate how a common stock of narrative themes was used in different stories, and adapted in various places for diverse gods. Peace

Translated by: Dr. Stephanie Dalley, a former teacher of the Akkadian language at the Universities of Edinburgh and Oxford and is now Shillito Fellow in Assyriolology at the Oriental Institute, Oxford and a Senior Research Fellow of Somerville College. She also has worked on various excavations in the Middle East and has published cuneiform tablets found there by the British Archaeological Expedition to Iraq. http://www.orinst.ox.ac.uk/html/staff/eanes/sdalley.html The Epic of Anzu is principally known in two versions. The Old Babylonian version of the early second millennium exists as a small portion of the tale, giving the hero as Ningirsu, a warrior-god who was patron of the city Girsu in central Mesopotamia. That city is chiefly known in the late third millennium from the inscriptions of Gudea, a Sumerian governor who rebuilt Eninnu, Ningirsu's temple, and composed long inscriptions in honour of the event, and from many fine objects found by the French in the excavation of strata which date around that time: the lion-headed eagle Anzu is often depicted on them. However, no Sumerian account of the story is known, and Anzu in the Sumerian Epic of Lugalbanda has a quite different character and role: he is a benevolent bird whose offspring are fed during his absence by the hero of the epic. As far as its fragmentary condition allows us to judge, the Old Babylonian version of Anzu was written in an abbreviated form in which repetitious passages are not written verbatim. Ningirsu is given the title 'the God' or perhaps Tl' in this version. The god Shara also plays a prominent role. He was the patron god of Umma, a city in central Mesopotamia which likewise flourished in the late third millennium and was not important thereafter. The Standard Babylonian version, dating to the first millen­nium bc, may have consisted of about 720 lines on three four-column tablets. Some were found on the Late Assyrian sites of Nineveh, Tarbisu and Sultantepe, and probably belong to the seventh century bc. Another tablet comes from a museum collection in the USA and is of unknown provenance. It is Late Babylonian, but seems to have followed the Nineveh version closely. In this version the hero is Ninurta whose great cult centre at that time was Kalah, modern Nimrud, one of the Assyrian kings' capital cities in the ninth and eighth centuries bc. The walls of Ninurta's temple there are faced with monumental stone sculptures illustrating a cosmic battle, prob­ably a version of the Anzu epic. The story gives Ninurta the title 'Bel', 'The Lord', equivalent to West Semitic Ba'al. Repeated episodes are written out in full. The colophon to the Tarbisu version implies that the written story was known to the Hur-rians, who were powerful in the mid- to late second millennium and at times controlled Assyria from their cities north-west of Assyria. The story centres around possession of the Tablet of Destinies. The narrative structure is very similar to that of the Epic of Creation, both in the struggle to regain possession by the good gods, and in the pronouncement of names and hypostases for the victorious hero-god. The opening lines of the epic introduce the theme in the first person, representing the singer or poet, and are very closely comparable to the opening lines of Erra and Ishum. Nergal and Ninurta are quite close in some aspects of their characters, and in Erra and Ishum the defeat of Anzu with a net and the conquest of osafcfcu-demons are attributed to Nergal/Erra. The fight of Ninurta to defeat the asa/ckM-demons is known from the mainly Sumerian epic story of cosmic warfare called Lugal-e, and a companion story An-gim. These were very popular tales during both the second and the early first millennia. Sumerian Ninurta is armed with his trusty weapon Sharur; in Anzu Sharur plays a significant role as Ninurta's courier in the field of conflict. In Lugal-e his mother, the great goddess Nin-mah, speaks in support of him and is given the name Ninhursag, just as in Anzu, the mother of Ninurta as Belet-ili or Mami speaks in support of her son and is given the new title 'Mistress of All Gods'. Other epic deeds of Ninurta are known only from passing references: he slew the bull-man in the sea; he slew the six-headed wild ram on the mountain; he slew the seven-headed serpent. The Anzu epic and its ramifications in other tales illustrate how a common stock of narrative themes was used in different stories, and adapted in various places for diverse gods. Peace

Translated by: Dr. Stephanie Dalley, a former teacher of the Akkadian language at the Universities of Edinburgh and Oxford and is now Shillito Fellow in Assyriolology at the Oriental Institute, Oxford and a Senior Research Fellow of Somerville College. She also has worked on various excavations in the Middle East and has published cuneiform tablets found there by the British Archaeological Expedition to Iraq. http://www.orinst.ox.ac.uk/html/staff/eanes/sdalley.html The Epic of Anzu is principally known in two versions. The Old Babylonian version of the early second millennium exists as a small portion of the tale, giving the hero as Ningirsu, a warrior-god who was patron of the city Girsu in central Mesopotamia. That city is chiefly known in the late third millennium from the inscriptions of Gudea, a Sumerian governor who rebuilt Eninnu, Ningirsu's temple, and composed long inscriptions in honour of the event, and from many fine objects found by the French in the excavation of strata which date around that time: the lion-headed eagle Anzu is often depicted on them. However, no Sumerian account of the story is known, and Anzu in the Sumerian Epic of Lugalbanda has a quite different character and role: he is a benevolent bird whose offspring are fed during his absence by the hero of the epic. As far as its fragmentary condition allows us to judge, the Old Babylonian version of Anzu was written in an abbreviated form in which repetitious passages are not written verbatim. Ningirsu is given the title 'the God' or perhaps Tl' in this version. The god Shara also plays a prominent role. He was the patron god of Umma, a city in central Mesopotamia which likewise flourished in the late third millennium and was not important thereafter. The Standard Babylonian version, dating to the first millen­nium bc, may have consisted of about 720 lines on three four-column tablets. Some were found on the Late Assyrian sites of Nineveh, Tarbisu and Sultantepe, and probably belong to the seventh century bc. Another tablet comes from a museum collection in the USA and is of unknown provenance. It is Late Babylonian, but seems to have followed the Nineveh version closely. In this version the hero is Ninurta whose great cult centre at that time was Kalah, modern Nimrud, one of the Assyrian kings' capital cities in the ninth and eighth centuries bc. The walls of Ninurta's temple there are faced with monumental stone sculptures illustrating a cosmic battle, prob­ably a version of the Anzu epic. The story gives Ninurta the title 'Bel', 'The Lord', equivalent to West Semitic Ba'al. Repeated episodes are written out in full. The colophon to the Tarbisu version implies that the written story was known to the Hur-rians, who were powerful in the mid- to late second millennium and at times controlled Assyria from their cities north-west of Assyria. The story centres around possession of the Tablet of Destinies. The narrative structure is very similar to that of the Epic of Creation, both in the struggle to regain possession by the good gods, and in the pronouncement of names and hypostases for the victorious hero-god. The opening lines of the epic introduce the theme in the first person, representing the singer or poet, and are very closely comparable to the opening lines of Erra and Ishum. Nergal and Ninurta are quite close in some aspects of their characters, and in Erra and Ishum the defeat of Anzu with a net and the conquest of osafcfcu-demons are attributed to Nergal/Erra. The fight of Ninurta to defeat the asa/ckM-demons is known from the mainly Sumerian epic story of cosmic warfare called Lugal-e, and a companion story An-gim. These were very popular tales during both the second and the early first millennia. Sumerian Ninurta is armed with his trusty weapon Sharur; in Anzu Sharur plays a significant role as Ninurta's courier in the field of conflict. In Lugal-e his mother, the great goddess Nin-mah, speaks in support of him and is given the name Ninhursag, just as in Anzu, the mother of Ninurta as Belet-ili or Mami speaks in support of her son and is given the new title 'Mistress of All Gods'. Other epic deeds of Ninurta are known only from passing references: he slew the bull-man in the sea; he slew the six-headed wild ram on the mountain; he slew the seven-headed serpent. The Anzu epic and its ramifications in other tales illustrate how a common stock of narrative themes was used in different stories, and adapted in various places for diverse gods. Peace