SHAKE for Brownian dynamics simulation tool with non-periodic Poisson solver (PM force) and including Coulombic and Van der Waals interactions (PP force). Bond angles and proper dihedrals conserved. RasMol color scheme used for rendering. ~ 0.5ns simulation of lysozyme protein at 300K.

Lysozyme Crystals

200 ns BD simulation of 200 amyloid mutants of human lysozyme

The immunity system protects you from viruses and gets. The viruses, fugi, bacteria, protozoan, and parasites are called pathogens. The first line of defense against pathogens as the innate immunity, it includes the skin, body secretions, inflammation of body tissues, and phagocytes. The skin secretion is like a barrier that keeps pathogens out, body secretion, such as sweat protect us from pathogens with the enzymes located in it called lysozyme. The mucus in the body traps the pathogen and when we swallow the mucus it kills them with the stomach acid. Inflammation is when there is a danger tissue from injury or infections happen. The white blood cells release histamine that causes the blood vessel to dilate and create redness, the fluid leaks and destroys toxic agents. The phagocytes are white blood cells that destroy pathogens by surrounding and engulfing them, there are three different kinds, macrophages, neurophils, and monocytes. The phagocyte macrophages is the first line of dense against pathogens in the tissue, it tries to engulf the pathogen, The next line of dense if neurophils if the macrophages doesn't defeat them. Then finally there is the monocyte, which is an immature macrophage in the blood stream. It matures once they reach the infected site. Dead macrophages and body fluids is pus. If the pathogen is a virus the phagocytes can't destroy hot cells. The interferon come in they are protecting cells from viruses. Defending against a specific pathogen by gradually building up a resistance is called an acquired immunity. This happens in the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system is the system that is spread throughout your body, it made up of glands and vessels. There are two different immunities, one is the antibody and another Is the cellular. Antigens create the antibody immunity; they are proteins on the surface of pathogen, that help immune system recognizes an antigen and produces. The second one Is the cellular immunity, it uses killer or catatonic T cells, they are cells stored in the lymph nodes spleen, and tonsil. There is a passive and active immunity, the passive immunity has two kinds. One is the natural when antibodies are transferred from the mother to the unborn baby, and second is the artificial passive immunity is when antibodies are injected into the body that come from another animal. The active transport also has two kinds, one is natural from when someone is exposed to antigens and the body produces antibodies and the second is artificial which is also known as a vaccine.

Another Biology assignment...This time I was given a worksheet with these four points. 1. Besides acting as mechanical barriers, the skin epidermis and mucosae of the body have other attributes that contribute to their protective roles. Cite the common body locations and the importance of mucus, lysozyme, keratin, acid pH, and cilia. 2. Describe the events that occur after a splinter enters your finger. Where does the pain, redness, and swelling come from? 3. List the vital signs and explain how they are used to evaluate an individual include normal, serious, and critical limits. 4. Explain the difference between abuse and addiction (show what physically happens). This is what I came up with. I respect all copyrights and don't claim anything in this video (except for my voice) as my own. I have used clips from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YyRtlIddnmo, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZqJS3EQ_v6w, and http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z2u6SYRJ4uo and do not claim them as my own.

KGW news on the research done at OSU. Chitosan and lysozyme are combined to make antimicrobial and edible films to enhance food safety

16x time lapse of lysozyme seed shrink & regrowth as crystal while held in optical tweezers. Gibson (Dartmouth) & Rubinsztein-Dunlop & Singer (Univ of Queensland)

The Crazy German Kid (yes, I know it was acted) sings along with Flashdance's "Maniac"!

Most people would agree that it is an audacious miracle that we even see in the first place. And indeed the absolutely stunning complexity that we find in the eye that enables us to see, would seem to overwhelmingly confirm this first impression. Yet evolutionists are not impressed and maintain that chance put together the miracle of eyesight. Since the eye is irreducibly complex and steadfastly resist any plausible chance driven scenario, the main attack of evolutionists has been to say that the eye is poorly designed, Yet as more is learned about the eye and how it relates to the environment, many of their "bad design" objections have fallen by the wayside. http://eyedesignbook.com/index.html What astonishes me is that evolutionists are so easily led astray by the dubious bad design argument when the staggeringly level of complexity is so readily apparent: The eye is infinitely more complex than any man-made camera. It can handle 1.5 million simultaneous messages, and gathers 80% of all the knowledge absorbed by the brain. The retina covers less than a square inch, and contains 137 million light-sensitive receptor cells, 130 million rods (allowing the eye to see in black and white), and 7 million cones (allowing the eye to see in full color). In an average day, the eye moves about 100,000 times, using muscles that, milligram for milligram, are among the body's strongest. The body would have to walk 50 miles to exercise the leg muscles an equal amount. The eye is self-cleaning. Lacrimal glands produce secretions (e.g., tears) to flush away dust and other foreign materials. Eyelids act as windshield washers. The blinking process (3-6 times a minute) keeps the sensitive cornea moist and clean. And, tears contain a potent microbe-killer (lysozyme) which guards the eyes against bacterial infection. During times of stress, one eye will "rest" while the other does 90% of the work; then the process is reversed, allowing both eyes equal amounts of rest. The brain receives millions of simultaneous reports from the eyes. When its designated wavelength of light is present, each rod or cone triggers an electrical response to the brain, which then absorbs a composite set of yes-or-no messages from all the rods and cones. There are about seven-million shades of color the human eye can detect. It takes 200 million billionths of a second for the retina to create vision from light. The eye is so sensitive it can detect a candle one mile away. One type of light sensitive cell, the rod, can detect a single photon. For visible light the energy carried by a single photon would be around a tiny 4 x 10-19 Joules; this energy is just sufficient to excite a single molecule in a photoreceptor cell of an eye. There is a biological computer in the retina which processes and compresses the information from those millions of light sensitive cells before sending it to the visual cortex where the complex stream of information is then decompressed. While today's digital hardware is extremely impressive, it is clear that the human retina's real-time performance goes unchallenged. To actually simulate 10 milliseconds of the complete processing of even a single nerve cell from the retina would require the solution of about 500 simultaneous nonlinear differential equations 100 times and would take at least several minutes of processing time on a Cray supercomputer. Keeping in mind that there are 10 million or more such cells interacting with each other in complex ways, it would take a minimum of 100 years of Cray time to simulate what takes place in your eye many times every second. The human is the only species known to shed tears when they are sad. In spite of this stunning evidence evolutionists use a very dubious and philosophically based "bad design" argument to try to undermine the obvious Theological implications. Something tells me evolutionists are not being fair with the evidence. And all this begs the question for the evolutionists; Can you go into your laboratory and design a better eye by random mutations? The Design Argument—"Eye" of the Storm by Bert Thompson, Ph.D.

The design of the eye can not be explained with the Theory of Evolution. The eye is infinitely more complex than any man-made camera. It can handle 1.5 million simultaneous messages, and gathers 80% of all the knowledge absorbed by the brain. The retina covers less than a square inch, and contains 137 million light-sensitive receptor cells, 130 million rods (allowing the eye to see in black and white), and 7 million cones (allowing the eye to see in full color). In an average day, the eye moves about 100,000 times, using muscles that, milligram for milligram, are among the body's strongest. The body would have to walk 50 miles to exercise the leg muscles an equal amount. The eye is self-cleaning. Lacrimal glands produce secretions (e.g., tears) to flush away dust and other foreign materials. Eyelids act as windshield washers. The blinking process (3-6 times a minute) keeps the sensitive cornea moist and clean. And, tears contain a potent microbe-killer (lysozyme) which guards the eyes against bacterial infection. During times of stress, one eye will "rest" while the other does 90% of the work; then the process is reversed, allowing both eyes equal amounts of rest. The brain receives millions of simultaneous reports from the eyes. When its designated wavelength of light is present, each rod or cone triggers an electrical response to the brain, which then absorbs a composite set of yes-or-no messages from all the rods and cones. It sorts and organizes them, and presents the proper image accordingly. ~~~~~~ Although they claimed to be wise, they became fools and exchanged the glory of the immortal God for images made to look like mortal man and birds and animals and reptiles. Therefore God gave them over in the sinful desires of their hearts to sexual impurity for the degrading of their bodies with one another. They exchanged the truth of God for a lie, and worshipped and served created things rather than the Creator ~ who is for ever praised. Amen

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