once again, cait and bio are amazing

our second chromosome of twenty three pairs is the ancestral link between humans and apes. The evidence for this includes: The correspondence of chromosome 2 to two ape chromosomes. The closest human relative, the bonobo, has near-identical DNA sequences to human chromosome 2, but they are found in two separate chromosomes. The same is true of the more distant gorilla and orangutan. The presence of a vestigial centromere. Normally a chromosome has just one centromere, but in chromosome 2 we see remnants of a second. The presence of vestigial telomeres. These are normally found only at the ends of a chromosome, but in chromosome 2 we see additional telomere sequences in the middle.

Biology Rap - Mitosis For a project in school yo. We are the whitest nerds around and we'ze be rapping 'bout Mitosis, aka, IPMAT. Lyrics: the nuclear membrane and nucleus is visible time to do the functions, everyday is critical the chromatin is present as a granular mass if you didn't have interphase your body would crash open your eyes cause the aster rays appear the centrioles move to the poles right here the chromosomes appear as long thin threads the nuclear membrane leaves, as if it were dead my biological homies, aka, the spindle fibres are attached to the chromosomes that look like spiders the centrioles reach the poles of the cell while the nuclear membrane disappears in its shell the chromatid pairs line up in a row just like my boyz back in Compton, yo The chromatids are now lined up at the equator while the centromeres split, chicka chicka, playa hata The spindle fibres join each chromatid, to the aster, from the centromere, got that kid? Anaphase, where the chromosomes are pulled apart just like when chuck norris rips out your heart the spindle fibres they be tugging and pulling to the opposite poles is where they be going the nuclear membrane is back in the hood they be surrounding the chromosomes, just like they should my home dogs, the nucleoli, are the brains of the cell and they be springing up, just like Show N Tell The chromosomes shrink down so they can barely be seen they are the deoxyribonucleic acid, y'all mean

A scientific spoof on the classic by Dr. Dre and Xzibit. What's the difference between mitosis and meiosis? What's the difference between mitosis and meiosis? Lets explain each, first we got mitosis The cell starts off in interphase, where it's kickin' with the homies The cell grows and grows, till its ready to split from them hoes With all its new chromosomes, its ready to goes Next is prophase, the chromatids pair at the centromere The mitotic spindle forms outside the nuclear envelope here. The centrosomes move to opposite poles. That's where they stays. The chromosomes on the plate we call it metaphase (yeah). Comin is Anaphase, microtubules pull back at the kinetochore Separate the chromosomes; make 'em look like they're tore. Last is telophase, the new nucleolus and envelope formed With the help of cytokinesis, two daughter cells are borned. Break at the cleavage furrow, the cell's pinched in two If ya didn't know it before, we aim to give ya a clue. What's the difference between mitosis and meiosis? Meiosis does the gametes, while somatics from mitosis Meiosis I has the unique chromosome pairing of a tetrad Crossing over at chiasmata, that's synapsis, its really rad. Meiosis is next, looks a lot like the first one If it didn't have two phases, it might be mitosis' son. Starts off the same, interphase begins Chromosomes duplicate, rollin in the nuclear envelope like rims Now hear it gets different, we hit prophase uno Homologous chromosomes pair, makin a tetrad sumo Because synapsis pairs the chromosomes, crossing over occurs At the chiasmata, which holds until anaphase, yessir! We hit up metaphase, it's the same as before Tetrads line up, microtubules attached to the kinetochores Anaphase I, the paired homologues shoot to their pole Centrosomes pull sister chromatids apart, cell becomin' oval Meiosis I ends with telophase I, wit some cytokinesis These chromosomes are still in a pair, like Reese's pieces Two haploid cells are formed, the furrow separates them again With Meiosis I done, we can start all where we begin. Meiosis II and mitosis, they are almost the same Except one makes 2 diploids, while 4 haploids is what II (what II) claims. [Chorus]

A visual demonstration of the process of mitosis - cellular division. www.genomicseducation.ca

EDIT: The section entitled 'Mendelian Genetics' should read 'Non-dilution of traits' YouTube massacres some links so take care when copying them. Transitional fossils: (http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/faq-transitional.html) Precambrian fossils: (http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/97/13/6947.pdf) Origins of human chromosome number 2 Telomere duplication: (http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/88/20/9051.pdf) Detailed analysis of human chromosome number 2: (http://www.bx.psu.edu/miller_lab/dist/chr2.4.pdf) Comparison of human DNA to primate DNA: (http://www.genome.org/cgi/reprint/12/11/1663.pdf) (http://www.genome.org/cgi/reprint/12/11/1651.pdf) Introduction to cell division and the role of the centromere: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/baby/divide.html 'Discovery' institute article containing quote: (http://www.evolutionnews.org/2006/01/intelligent_design_is_empirica.html)

This is a really short simplistic video on my understanding of why it possible to go from 48 to 46 chromosomes and still make sense. Below you will find the articles that help me rationalize my misunderstandings. Comparison of the Human and Great Ape Chromosomes as Evidence for Common Ancestry: http://www.gate.net/~rwms/hum_ape_chrom.html FERTILITY ISSUES IN DOMESTIC X WILDCAT HYBRIDS: http://www.messybeast.com/small-hybrids/fertility-hybrids.htm Issues of Sexuality in Down Syndrome: http://www.ds-health.com/issues.htm The Chromosome Shuffle: http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/loom/2005/08/29/the-chromosome-shuffle/ The Role of Centromere Alignment in Meiosis: http://www.genetics.org/cgi/content/abstract/153/4/1547

Animated George W. Bush singing his heart out to his fellow republicans.

Well, erm... here it is... If you don't like cell biology or Nickelback you probably won't find much interest in this but... never mind. For my friends in Biology, who shall soon disown me. Well the, Interphase is the phase at the start, (G, C, F, G) And it can be subdivided into 3 parts, The first growth, the synthesis, and the second growth phase too (G1, S G2), Organelles and proteins are made in the first growth, And in the synthesis the chromatids are formed, oh, D.N.A is replicated, 2 chromatids make each chromosome (Ooh), And in the Second growth phase, A.T.P is formed, And the chromosomes become visible, The cycle of events are the Chorus Interphase, the Prophase, the metaphase, the anaphase, the telophase, Then the cyto-kin-e-sis, This is the process essential to growth, The cell division mostly known as mitosis, The 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th, to do with chromatids, Which is mostly what this section's about, Second in order is the Prophase, When the chromosomes coil up to replicate, Although, they are still attached to the centromere (so they're in groups of four), That's right Billy! And in the Metaphase a web of protein fibres form, The spindle is what this web is called, The centromeres attach in the middle of the cell (the cell equator), The nuclear membrane has broken down, The spindle comes from the centrioles hanging around, It's the (Chorus) The Anaphase, now we've nearly reached our goal, The chromatids move to the centrioles, At the opposite sides of the cell, the centromeres have divided (The chromatids separate), The separated chromatids group together, In the Telophase, new nuclear membranes develop, And the chromatids become chromosomes, as they uncoil (now it's nearly complete), Mitosis is complete, the cytoplasm divides, In cytokinesis, now I've run out of rhymes. DISCLAIMER: I'm now not certain everything in this song is in the right place (especially at the start). Please use only alongside other forms of revision lol.

Chromosomal dance. How cancer occurs.

染色体Chromosome染色體的形態以中期時最為典型。每條染色體由兩條染色單體組成，中間狹窄處稱為著絲點（centromere），又稱主縊痕，它將染色體分為短臂（p）和長臂（q）。按著絲粒位置的不同，人類染色體可分為中著絲粒染色體、亞中著絲粒染色體和近端著絲粒染色體等3種類型。近端著絲粒染色體的短臂末端有一個叫做隨體的結構，它呈圓球形，中間以細絲與短臂相連。有的染色體長臂上還可看到另一些較小的狹窄區，稱為次縊痕。染色體臂的末端存在著一種叫做端粒（telomere）的結構，它有保持染色體完整性的功能。-----博元婦產科不孕症試管嬰兒中心---------------蔡鋒博醫師 & 陳昭雯醫師---------- http://www.babymaker.com.tw 博元's YouTube Channel------看--博元--YouTube影片------------- http://tw.youtube.com/7260678 從--手機--看--博元--YouTube影片 --http://m.tw.youtube.com/7260678 地址:500彰化市中正路1段392號 Address:500; 392 Zhong Zheng Road ,Sec.1 ,Chang-Hua ,Taiwan 電話:04-7260678(10 lines);047260988;047298888 Fax: 04-7225626 e-mail: 7260678@gmail.com 蔡醫師-門診表 :週一至週五下午、晚上& 　　　　　週六全天 陳醫師-門診表:週一至週五早上 掛號專線：04-7260678 (ext:111;112) 博元Google Maps地圖-----http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?ie=UTF8&hl=zh-TW&msa=0&msid=118241172218343474730.00000112a1cfed19bdfa9&ll=24.083396,120.542915&spn=0.007562,0.013325&z=16&om=1 您搭高鐵怎麼到博元婦產科？？ ? http://www.youtube.com/ep.swf?id=76973F126502AA66&eurl= 開車怎麼走到博元???http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VV-nr4WeWuY 坐火車到博元怎麼走?http://myvlog.im.tv/?id=257365&mid=258867

Step by step of cell division

Sing Along!!!!!!! It's like, I care about everything man... Let's talk about Mitosis All Yea! Wwwwoooohhh! Yea! Yea! Yea! First there's Interphase, which has 3 steps, It's G1, S, and G2 and that's it. So here is the next step, it's G1, Here it goes X3 In the step G1, the cell grows. It just keeps getting larger, as it goes. The next is part S, don't you know. Here he goes X3 Now here is Step S, which is complicated. The genetic material duplicates Now last of Interphase, is G2 Here it goes X3 Now at the very end, is G2. The cell prepares to divide, that's what it do. That's the end of Interphase, now phase 2. Prophase X3 The Spindles begin to form, as they stretch out. The Nuclear Envelope breaks up. The chromosomes join in the middle And become visible, become visible, become visible. During Metaphase the chromosomes gather. Then they line up, on the spindle fiber. Now next is Anaphase, that's how it goes. Here we go X3 Here we are now, in Anaphase The Chromatids separate. They're being pulled apart by the spindles, From the middle X3 The process of Prophase is reversed. The cell divides in 2, and the envelope ferms (forms). The Chromatids uncoil and become chromatin, But that's not the end, That's not the end, That's not the end The spindle fibers turn back, into centromeres. The nucleolus stars to form. Cytokinesis breaks the cell to 2. Now we're through X3 Mitosis X3 Well the end result of this is 2 cells. (Is 2 cells) And Mitosis goes on and on, all day (Excellent delivery) It's better than Meiosis, that's what I say (Oh my goodness) So all you cells (Cells?) Duplicate till your dead (These might be off a little, i made corrections and didn't save them)