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The word "'wraith'" is first attested in 1513, with the meaning of "ghost or spectre" (that is, an apparition of a living or once-living being, possibly as a portent of death). In 18th century Scotland it was applied to aquatic spirits. Over time, it came to be used in a metaphoric sense to refer to wraith-like things, and to portents in general.
The word may be of Scots origin, possibly through Old Norse ''vörðr'', meaning "guardian" (''cf.'' the Modern English cognates "" and "warden"), and related to Irish ''arrach'', meaning "apparition". An association with the verb "writhe" has also been claimed. Philologist and fantasy author J. R. R. Tolkien held this view [1], and his use of the word in the naming of the creatures known as the Ringwraiths has influenced creators of fantasy and horror novels, television shows, and games, who use it with its meaning of a shadow-thing, a spirit of another world, or more generally a mysterious being to be feared.
''The wraith is a being of power, controlled by a greater spirit to do the creatures will. These creatures are shadows, floating amongst our realm with no purpose but that of their masters. They feed on humans, their emotions and their own strength, without these they would cease to exist.''
Information considering their lesser known qualities is difficult to obtain.
The classic depiction of a wraith is identical to the image of a tall, humanoid figure shrouded in a black cloak, under which no face can be seen, though a hand protrudes. This image may derived from the image of the Ringwraiths, the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come described by Charles Dickens, the Grim Reaper, or a combination thereof. The word "wraith" is also used in modern fiction to signify the ''shifting wraiths'' of T.A. Barron's book series The Lost Years of Merlin and the ''mortiwraiths'' of Wayne Thomas Batson's ''The Door Within'' Trilogy. Whereas the ''shifting wraith'' is a bestial, snake-like predator able to change itself into the form of any animal, albeit always having a feature uncharacteristic thereof, the ''mortiwraith'' is an anthropomorphically intelligent, gigantic, cave-dwelling, but also snake-like predator having creased, furry ears, poisonous blood, and many clawed legs whose quantity increases with the passage of every five years. The use of the word "wraith" for either of these is not explained by either author in the respective story.
In European pagan beliefs, the wraith is seen as a spirit of vengeance. They are said to be ghostly figures with long, sharp fingers. Wraiths are considered rare amongst the spirit realm, for they consist of pure revenge; yet not all wraiths will be truly vengeful, in that some are merely enraged to the extent of destroying anything they encounter.
In a local legend of Cornwall, the Polbreen Mine is said to be haunted by a wraith named Dorcas.
In other corners of the world, the wraith is considered to be the reflected image of a person, seen immeditately before death. This side is supported by the elders' stories.
A wraith is also described as an image seen just before one dies, like a premonition.

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Wraiths in science fiction and fantasy

Wraiths in science fiction and fantasy

In The Elder Scrolls : Oblivion wraith are undead spirits of evil fallen soldiers.
The Wraith which appear in the ''Stargate Atlantis'' TV series are, much like the wraiths seen in other fantasy media, depicted to "feed" on the very essence of humans and have the ability to age them rapidly.
The Wraith is a Covenant tank in ''Halo'', ''Halo 2'' and ''Halo 3''.
'' is a role playing game published by White Wolf Game Studios in which players may play the roles of fictional, long-dead wraiths in the Underworld, which exists parallel to the living world of mankind.
The movie ''The Wraith''.
The CF/A-17 Wraith is a Terran space superiority fighter in the popular computer game ''StarCraft''. It is armed with Gemini Air-to-Air Missiles and a 25mm burst laser for ground attacks. Newer CF/A-17G Wraiths feature a built-in cloaking field.
J.K. Rowling's Dementors can be considered wraiths, as they conform to the popular description of a shrouded being without a face, with long corpse-like hands that glisten like rotted flesh. These beings feed on living emotion, draining every last ounce of happiness from a person. They are able to suck the very soul of a person through the "Dementor's kiss," wherein the dementor pulls the person's soul seemingly out through his mouth. In the first several books of the series, these creatures guard the wizard prison Azkaban, but later go on to join forces with the Dark Lord Voldemort.
The Japanese film ''Spirited Away'' features a masked, wraithlike figure of ambiguous origin and history, appropriately called No Face. He appears meek and compassionate, except when exposed to the activity in the public bathhouse, wherein he becomes monstrous. The cause of this remains ambiguous; it is suggested that No Face assumes the emotions of those around him, so that exposure to compassionate people makes him compassionate and exposure to greedy people makes him greedy.
The Nazgûl or Black Riders in Tolkien's ''The Lord of the Rings'' are also called "Ringwraiths", though they are not ghosts or even dead at the beginning of the story.
In the PS2 game, Primal, one of the main foe's is Raum, who is of Waith-race. Also the main character, Jen, can transform into a Waith.
Wraith Squadron in the Star Wars Expanded Universe
In the Gamecube game Pikmin 2, there is a boss, named the Wildlife of Pikmin that resembles a wraith formed from water. It travels on two stone cylinders like a steamroller.
In Soul Sabre, an uncommon PC game released out of Denmark in 1999, the enemies of the game are referred to as Wraiths, but are actually artifical humans created in a laboratory.
Raziel (Legacy of Kain) is a wraith. As he was resurrected by the Elder God he would defy him. It seemed unbound creatures had free will. Wraiths in this series were soul eaters.
In Prince of Persia:Warrior within, the prince puts on the mask of the wraith to become the sand wraith, a doppelganger that grants the prince unlimited use of the Sands of Time, but slowly drains his life away.
In Shadowgate, you need to throw the torch at it to free the pathway.