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World Energy Cities Partnership videos

	The Business Case for Protecting the Climate Google Tech Talks August 20, 2008 ABSTRACT This presentation is drawn from Hunter's recent lead chapter in the U.S. Presidential Climate Action Project's report to the President-elect. It describes the business case for moving aggressively to solve such challenges as global warming, peak oil, the vulnerability of our energy infrastructure and others. Hunter discusses how climate protection, energy efficiency, renewable energy and other sustainable approaches will give us a stronger economy, and a higher quality of life. Hunter discusses how to unleash the new energy economy as the antidote to life in a carbon constrained world. The global climate crisis threatens many aspects of life on earth, including access to water. Energy is a relatively easy challenge to solve. But providing access to water, both at home and in water-short regions around the globe will not be trivial. Fortunately, in water, as in energy, there are solutions that cost less, work better and can deliver a higher quality of life. Hunter will describe how communities and companies are implementing these and many other strategies to cut their costs and drive their innovation. Speaker: Hunter Lovins L. Hunter Lovins is President and founder of the Natural Capitalism Solutions. NCS educates senior decision-makers in business, government and civil society to restore and enhance the natural and human capital while increasing prosperity and quality of life. In partnership with leading thinkers and implementers, NCS creates innovative, practical tools and strategies to enable companies, communities and countries to become more sustainable. Trained as a sociologist and lawyer (JD), Hunter co-founded the California Conservation Project (Tree People), and Rocky Mountain Institute, which she led for 20 years. Lovins has consulted for scores of industries and governments worldwide. She has consulted with large and small companies including the International Finance Corporation, Royal Dutch Shell, Interface, Clif Bar and Wal-Mart. Governmental clients include the Pentagon, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Department of Energy and other agencies, numerous cities, and the governments of Jamaica, Australia, and the U.S. She also serves an advisor to the Energy Minister of the Government of Afghanistan. Recipient of such honors as the Right Livelihood Award, Lindbergh Award and Leadership in Business, she was named Time Magazine 2000 Hero of the Planet. She has co-authored nine books and hundreds of papers, including the 1999 book, Natural Capitalism and 2006 Climate Protection Manual for Cities. She has served on the boards of governments, non and for profit companies. Hunter's areas of expertise include Natural Capitalism, sustainable development, globalization, energy and resource policy, economic development, climate change, land management, and fire rescue and emergency medicine. She developed the Economic Renewal Project and helped write many of its manuals on sustainable community economic development. She is currently a founding Professor of Business at Presidio School of Management, one of the first accredited programs offering an MBA in Sustainable Management.
	Symphony of Lights (with Music) Hong Kong Harbour Laser Show Show Time A Symphony of Lights is staged every night at 8:00 p.m. Themes The Show comprises five major themes, taking spectators on a unique journey celebrating the energy, spirit and diversity of Hong Kong: The first scene "Awakening" begins with flashes of laser lights that give life to a nucleus of light-energy which gradually illuminates participating buildings using an array of dancing lights and rainbow colour. This scene symbolizes the genesis and powerful growth of Hong Kong. The second scene "Energy" is represented by the display of rising colour patterns and the sweeping of the lasers and searchlights energetically across the night sky, signifying the vibrant energy of Hong Kong. In the third scene "Heritage", traditional lucky red and gold colours are displayed across buildings on both sides of the Harbour, complemented by the introduction of music using Chinese musical instruments, symbolizing Hong Kong's colourful heritage and rich cultural traditions. The fourth scene "Partnership" features a display of laser beams and sweeping searchlights scanning across the Harbour, representing an illuminated connection with the opposite side. Beams reach out to symbolically connect the two sides of the Harbour into one greater and unified partnership. The finale "Celebration" brings out a powerful rhythmic display of swirling, kaleidoscopic patterns of lights and beams dancing lively across the Harbour. The exciting final scene signifies the celebration of the close partnership between the two sides of the Harbour and represents an even brighter future for Asia's world city - Hong Kong. Vantage Points The best viewing locations of this nightly spectacle are along the Tsim Sha Tsui waterfront between the Avenue of Stars and the Kong Kong Cultural Centre, the promenade at Golden Bauhinia Square in Wan Chai, or from sightseeing ferries in the Victoria Harbour. Music and Narration The music and narration of the Show is broadcast every night along the Tsim Sha Tsui waterfront between the Avenue of Stars and the Kong Kong Cultural Centre, and the promenade at Golden Bauhinia Square in Wan Chai. Broadcast of the soundtrack is in different languages: English on Monday, Wednesday and Friday; Putonghua on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday; and Cantonese on Sunday. Spectators can also listen to the music and narration at the harbourfront area by tuning to FM 103.4 MHz (English), FM 106.8 MHz (Cantonese) or FM 107.9 MHz (Putonghua). They can also listen to the same soundtrack via their mobile phones by dialing 35-665-665 (English) or 35-665-668 (Putonghua). Usual service charges will apply. Pyrotechnic Displays The Show will become even more spectacular with the addition of pyrotechnic displays on special occasions. Dates of the shows enhanced with pyrotechnic displays will be announced through a pop-up box nearer the time. Suspension of the Show When Tropical Cyclone Warning Signal No.3 or above or Red/Black Rainstorm Warning Signal is issued at or after 3:00 p.m. on the Show day, the Show will be suspended. No show will be staged even if the Signal is removed before 8:00 p.m. on that day.
	Come Dancing '80 Michael Stylianos & Lorna Lee demonstration Michael Stylianos and Lorna Lee showdance a paso doble and samba in an edition of Come Dancing in the '80 Michael and Lorna Stylianos have been full time professionals since 1965. Together they enjoyed a fruitful competitive career. Never dancing as amateurs and during the short span of eleven years, they won and successfully defended all major professional Latin American Titles. After their competitive retirement they continued to appear in cabaret and were much in demand worldwide. They have appeared in front of members of the Royal family on numerous occasions and in 1986 were the first and only Latin American dancers to appear at Caesar's Palace in Las Vegas. In 1975 they received a Carl Alan Award for the most outstanding partnership of the World, then in 1982 Michael received a Carl Alan for the person to do the most for Ballroom Dancing. This was mainly due to his involvement and publicity with the British Ice-Skating Team. He contributed enormously towards the success of Jayne Torvill & Christopher Dean, introducing many of the Latin American movements onto the ice. He received a third Carl Alan Award in 1993, for the best Latin American Teachers. Michael continues to work with the Roller and Ice-Skating Association and is their National choreographer. He lectures regularly for the Olympic Ice-Skating Union and is their Ballroom adviser. Since retiring from competitions they have directed their boundless energy into the training of other dancers. For eighteen years they ran a successful studio in South London catering for dancers of all grades. In the summer of 1993 they opened a new purpose built Dance Academy especially for the training of International competitive dancers. Internationally well known, Michael and Lorna travel the world teaching, lecturing and adjudicating. They currently train the current day Champions and have been responsible for the training of many National, European and World Champions. Including the 14 times World Champions Donny Burns MBE & Gaynor Fairweather MBE, Michael has received awards for his teaching achievements from Slovenia, Greece, the USA and Finland, where he also received the freedom of the City of Oluo. Michael and Lorna hold Fellowship qualifications with the prestigious Imperial Society of Teachers of Dancing. They are both elected Latin American Faculty officials and in 1998 Michael was invited to sit on their Council. They are both currently helping to re-write the Latin American Technique. They organise successful Imperial Ballroom & Latin American Championships and also organise all England Latin American Championships.
	Allegheny College Vukovich Center Construction Here's a time lapse video from our webcam showing the progress on the Vukovich Center for Communication Arts. The 40,000-square-foot complex will include rehearsal and instructional areas, video production facilities, and a large performance space for hosting public events. The building will also have a "garden roof" of grass, ground cover, and trees. This will contribute not only to the beauty of the building but to the goal of making it a highly energy efficient structure. To develop a state-of-the-art center that will be virtually unequaled among Allegheny's peer schools, the College has chosen the world-renowned architectural firm Polshek Partnership, LLP, for the project. Polshek is considered to be among the top architectural firms for this type of facility. Among their credits are the Santa Fe Opera, the New York City Planetarium, the Clinton Presidential Library and the Ed Sullivan Theater restoration and conversion. They are also responsible for the Carnegie Hall and Lincoln Center restorations. The center is named in honor of Allegheny trustee Robert A. Vukovich '65 and his wife, Laura J. Vukovich. A portion of the Vukoviches' $22.2 million gift to Allegheny will be used to fund the center. The College also received support for the project from several other generous donors, including alumni, friends, and foundations. In addition, Pennsylvania Governor Edward Rendell announced during an August visit to the College that the Commonwealth would provide $4 million for the Center through the Redevelopment Assistance Capital Program. You can learn more and watch the webcam here: http://www.allegheny.edu/academics/vcca/index.php
	Talking Heads - Paper - Remixed - Fear of Music "In hindsight, the Talking Heads' Fear of Music can be viewed as a transitional affair that bridged the gap dividing the distinctive, new wave-meets-R&B jitters of Talking Heads: 77 and More Songs about Buildings and Food from the funk-laced fury of Remain in Light and Speaking in Tongues. It also happens to be the band's most daunting and difficult album to embrace. From its paranoia-filled lyrics to its tightly-wound arrangements, the aptly titled Fear of Music perfectly captured the sound of a complete psychological breakdown. The songs themselves were given innocuously simplistic titles befitting an inmate at a psychiatric ward. In fact, seven of the 11 tracks were graced with only a single-word moniker — Mind, Paper, and Drugs, among them. At first, the effect masked, and then it enhanced, the terrifying substance of Byrne's apprehensive ruminations, which expressed his beliefs that animals were laughing at him, his electric guitar wasn't to be trusted, and the air itself was causing him harm. In illustrating Byrne's twitchy psychoses, the Talking Heads rekindled its relationship with producer Brian Eno, and unlike More Songs about Buildings and Food, this time, the partnership was more even-handed. In particular, Eno's eerily ambient influence is felt deeply on the nervous dissonance of Memories Can't Wait as well as on the unsettling distortion of Drugs, though nearly everything — from the mechanical beat of Mind to the manic urgency of Life During Wartime to the harried Cities — bore his mark. Still, it was the Talking Heads' frenetic energy that kept the material aloft. Despite the array of aural effects that filtered through Fear of Music, however, its incarnation as a 5.1 surround sound DUALDISC isn't nearly as enveloping of the listener as one might expect it to be. Part of the problem is that remixing the effort proved to be fraught with difficulties because it originally was recorded with a remote truck at the loft in which Chris Frantz and Tina Weymouth resided. The band's lo-fi approach meant that the new version of the outing was destined to contain less dimensionality and depth than it otherwise might have, but the end result is that its subdued, but no less stellar, sonic spectrum augments the sensation of constrained claustrophobia that pervades endeavor. The CD side also contains alternate versions of Mind, Cities, and Life During Wartime as well as an unfinished, David Bowie-esque outtake titled Dancing for Money, while the DVD side features performances of Cities and I Zimbra that were taken from a 1980 installment of the German television show Rockpop. Undoubtedly, all of the extras, while enlightening, are geared towards avid collectors rather than casual fans, but this is wholly appropriate for an album that is as intensely challenging as Fear of Music." - John Metzger Time stands still when you're cracking up. At the brink of mental overload, there's a revelatory instant — a freeze frame in which everything fits together in new ways. Logic dissolves, paralogic reigns. And in that precarious moment, the world is fixed in place, skewed and renewed. David Byrne's lyrics on Talking Heads' Fear of Music are paralogical visions stated with almost childlike directness: he thinks that air hits him in the face, that animals want to change his life, that "someone controls electric guitar." By itself, this perspective makes Byrne's songs fascinating. But what makes Talking Heads my favorite and probably the best rock band anywhere is that they've invented an audio analog to their view from the brink: rock music that warps and suspends time. They use a simple device: repetition. Unswerving rhythms, immobile harmonies. Each tune is a chain of sections linked by rhythm, each section a matrix of interlocking riffs. "I Zimbra" stakes Talking Heads' claim to pure mechanization. One by one, the instruments click into place in a rhythm pattern fleshed out by Afro-futurist harmonies and topped by the meaningless chanted syllables of a poem by Twenties Dadaist Hugo Ball. At composition's end, Robert guitar phases through the whole pulsing assemblage like the shuttle of a high-speed loom.
	BUDDHA MAITREYA´S GIFT OF TRUTH TO ALL WHO SEEK TRUE LOVE BUDDHA MAITREYA´S GIFT OF TRUTH TO ALL WHO SEEK TRUE LOVE is published to benefit all beings. Wherever this Visual Dharma is played it will bring positive energy to the place and all beings who respect Buddha´s precious Teachings. All Visual Dharmas are empowered with the practice of the self-liberated Sound of Dharmata . General information about embeding and coments are published in the Gift of Truth. It is very auspicious to play this Visual Dharma also at engagament ceremonies, marriage ceremonies or at such anniversaries, to be reminded of the qualities of True love. BUDDHA MAITREYA is the fifth spiritual Guide, the fifth Buddha who will be born into this world from the Tushita. He will continue the Teachings of Buddha Shakyamuni. Already now we can nurture in ourselves the spiritual qualities of Buddha Maitreya´s True love. True love is unselfish and giving, shining like the sun. True love brings peace, wisdom and the tears of deep appreciation. True love is expression of our innate Buddha nature. In Buddhism we also call it authentic compassion and Bodhicitta. True love can create miracles because it is uncreated and timeless. True love is blessing which need to be deeply appreciated and nurtured by everyone. Because of True love ancient arists created wonderful works of ancient art. Because of True love contemporary artists create contemporary contemplative art -- Ars sacra. True love is sacred. Poets try to express it with Words of Wisdom. Painters try to paint its shining forms and collors. Scientists try to explore its unmeasurable deepness. Astronoms try to find it in deep -- space - galaxies. Astrologers try to calculate it in natal and partnership charts. Politicians try to make it obvious during their campains. Priests try to devotedly worship it in the name of God. And lovers try to express it on Valentine´s day by offering flowers and heart whispering. But everyone knows that True love is Bliss and a miracle ! I am so grateful to all Buddhas and Bodhisattvas who always pray for us all with their True Love. I am so grateful to Bodhisattvas who because of this True love toward all sentient beings incarnate again and again : to show us the Path of Liberation and Enlightenment. Let us follow on their footsteps of True love. WAKE UP TRUE LOVE IN YOURSELF -- WAKE UP THE SLEEPING BUDDHA. As it said in MO Divination system of venerable Mipham Rinpoche : DHI PA Female Golden Fish : Because one bathes in nectar, one´s happiness increases. May everyone endavour (True love) in accordance with one´s wishes, intentions and aims. Two golden fishes is ancient Buddhist symbol, representing the liberation from samsara. It is one of the Eight auspicious signs (Skt. Asta Mangalam). PRACTICAL INSTRUCTION : 1. Give up eating meat, drinking alcohol, smoking cigaretes or even drugs. Don´t stay in rooms where people smoke! Support the laws which forbid smoking, if such laws don´t already exist in your country. If you live in area where air is poluted (like in the most cities and settlements), use air ionisers in your appartment and at working place. Detoxify your body energy with the help of Buddhist wholesome Medicine, esp. high quality extracts of medicinal herbs and wholesome vegetarian diet. Keep cleanliness of your body and your immediate environment on high level. This is approach of Buddhist Kriya yoga. Pure outside elements (space, air, fire, water , earth) support your inner pure elements . Connection between them is part of precious Atiyoga/Dzogchen Buddhist Teachings. As educated human being you must be aware of the international day against violence toward women (November 25). Much of violence toward women is because and in the name of alcohol, drugs and eating meat. It is well known fact of science (neurobiology) that a man who drink alcohol can experience woman only at the level of root chakra (sexual chakra), seeing her only as a desirable sexual object without any spiritual dimension. This is disrespectful toward women! (Note:It is wrong to think that one only need to stop drinking, eating meat or even using drugs : one must be successful in purifying one´s body. Without detoxifying one´s body poisons are part of every cell! Material karmic body influences our way of thinking. There are many published scientific studies about the relation between the body and mind. ) It is completely opposite to Vajrayana Buddhist view where men and women are equal and have sacred outlook of themselves. As successful Vajrayana Buddhist practitioner one see oneself as a Wisdom Deity whith whom one has special connection. bibliography www.izum.si/cobiss 90321 H.E.Tara Rinpoche 90352 K.Norbu BUDDHA DHARMA 2008 HQ e-mail BuddhaDharma.OBFInternational@gmail.com
	EU - Rusko: Partnerství z rozumu N ENGLISH: EU-Russia: partnership of convenience Ladies and Gentlemen, if we want to compete in the global world, it is necessary, that EU as a strong formation and Russia as a great power will integrate its economics better. Only then they can together oppose the inevitable political pressures, which can separate this partnership of convenience. Not the reality is that if we take out the energy industry, then the Russian exports into EU are on the same level as Russian exports into Morocco or Argentina. That is why I support the appeal of the Commissioner for trade Mandelson, who has asked the Union and Russian to stop behaving, I quote: "as two cities that are connected only by narrow street and gas pipe-line." I believe that the both partners have to aim on creating the long-term both-sides enriching economical and trade relations and not to be liable to short-term political tactics. I believe that it is in the interest of all the citizens that EU has to stay united in the negotiations with Russia. We should negotiate with the Russia to create more stable business and political climate, which would also involve cutting down the import barriers and create more chances for investors from European Union. ČESKY: EU - Rusko - partnerství z rozumu 24. 10.2007 - Dámy a pánové, pokud chceme obstát v globálním světě je nutné, aby Unie jako silné uskupení a Rusko jako velmoc lépe integrovaly své ekonomiky. Jen tak budou úspěšně čelit nevyhnutelným politickým tlakům, které mohou toto partnerství z rozumu rozdělovat. Nyní je realita taková, že pokud vyjmeme z obchodních vztahů energii, ruské vývozy do Unie jsou zhruba stejně velké jako do Maroka nebo Argentiny. Proto podporuji výzvu komisaře pro obchod Mandelsona, který požádal Unii i Rusko aby se přestaly chovat, cituji:„jako dvě města, která spojuje jen úzká silnice a plynovod". Jsem přesvědčená, že oba partneři se musí zaměřit na vytvoření dlouhodobých, vzájemně výhodných hospodářských a obchodních vztahů a nepropadat krátkodobému politickému taktizování. Domnívám se, že je v zájmu občanů, aby Unie postupovala vůči Rusku jednotně, což se nyní neděje. Měli bychom tlačit na vytvoření stabilnějšího podnikatelského a politického klimatu v Rusku, které by zahrnovalo méně dovozních bariér a vytvořilo větší prostor pro investory z Unie. http://www.bobosikova.cz http://www.politika21.cz
	Tulane Political Science Week Tulane University Political Science Department presents Distinguished Young Alumni Roundtable Discussion: "Where Do I Go from Here?" Featuring: Ian Bremmer '89 President and Founder, Eurasia Group In 1998, with $25,000 in hand, Bremmer founded the research and consulting firm Eurasia Group. Today, Eurasia Group is the preeminent global political risk consultancy, with 80 full-time employees in New York, London, and Washington; as well as 480 experts in 65 countries worldwide. Widely respected for its objectivity, Eurasia Group has worked with government leaders (as well as opposition leaders) throughout the world. AIG, Bear Stearns, Boeing, Citigroup, ExxonMobil, Fidelity, Goldman Sachs, Google, Merrill Lynch, Motorola, News Corporation, PricewaterhouseCoopers, and Shell are among Eurasia Group's more than 200 multinational clients. Mara Karlin, '01 Mid East Advisor, Pentagon Mara Karlin is a 2001 graduate of Tulane University. Mara went to Washington D.C. after graduation from Tulane, to work at the policy arm of the American Israel Public Affairs Committee. In 2005, she received her Master's degree from the School of Advanced International Studies of Johns Hopkins University. At about the same time, she began work in the Department of Defense, where she currently serves as Special Assistant to the Undersecretary of Defense for Policy. Christine Martin '95 Foreign Affairs Officer, State Department Christine Martin graduated from Tulane University in 1995 with a B.A. in Political Science, concentration in International Relations, Magna Cum Laude, and a B.S. in Chemistry, Cum Laude. From 1995 to 2000, she worked as a Foreign Affairs Specialist in the Department Energy's (DOE) Office of National Security and Nonproliferation. In 2000, Christine joined the Department of State's Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation. Christine has served as the Executive Secretary of the Subgroup on Nuclear Export Controls and as Chair of the Nuclear Interdiction Action Group, in which she supported the NSC-chaired Interdiction Policy Coordination Committee. She has led and supported delegations negotiating and implementing nuclear energy cooperation agreements and nonproliferation agreements, including attending meetings of the Nuclear Suppliers Group and International Atomic Energy Agency on issues ranging from the 1998 nuclear explosive tests in South Asia to negotiation of international guidelines for physical protection of nuclear material and security of radioactive sources. Christine has also worked to promote bilateral and multilateral cooperation in peaceful uses of nuclear energy under the Global Nuclear Energy Partnership, with countries such as Argentina, Brazil, South Africa, and South Korea. Michael G. Sherman is a 2001 graduate of Tulane University. A Mayoral Fellow in the Marc Morial administration, he attended Georgetown University School of Law, from which he earned his J.D. in 2004. While attending law school, he was elected by the citizens of the District of Columbia as Commissioner, representing an area that encompassed the residential neighborhood surrounding Capitol Hill. Upon graduation, he joined the firm of Sullivan & Worcester, in Washington, D.C., where he worked on energy utility regulation and other matters. Immediately after Hurricane Katrina, Mr. Sherman returned to New Orleans, and represented the New Orleans City Council in their successful effort to secure emergency funding on Capitol Hill. Mr. Sherman left the security of large firm legal work in D.C. to become Vice President of Coastal States Development, a Florida-based real estate company. Now working for himself, Mr. Sherman recently opened a law practice, Sapir and Sherman, with Eddie Sapir, a former City Council President and judge, and continues to develop real estate for commercial and residential uses in Louisiana and Mississippi.
	Eco Radio Launch Party Over one hundred children joined in celebrations yesterday to mark the launch of Eco Radio and the Centennial Centre in Birmingham. Young recording artists from five primary schools across the Ladywood and Summerfield area signed copies of the first Eco CD for adoring fans, friends and family. The world can now tune into HYPERLINK "http://www.eco-radio.co.uk" www.eco-radio.co.uk to hear songs from the CD together with news on local, national and international events on current eco issues. Also get up to date interviews and reports about the City's first 'Eco Show Home' in Summerfield Crescent, which is in the heart of the Summerfield Eco Neighbourhood. The Lord Mayor of Birmingham Councillor Randal Brew OBE and Lady Mayoress Sandra Brew presented certificates to performers, radio presenters of the future and the cast of the City's first radio soap with a green message -- "Eco Hill". The Lord Mayor of Birmingham said: "This is a remarkable project. The Housing Education Initiative has been extremely successful in bringing young people together to transmit the energy efficiency message. What a wonderful way to spread the message -- through song." Working with the City Council's Housing Education Initiative and CAN UK (design, media and communications company) children as young as nine are promoting the benefits of saving energy through the development of an eco educational website and pod casting radio station. Birmingham City Council's Housing Department and Family Housing Association (Birmingham) Ltd are working in partnership to deliver the project which is linked to the Summerfield Eco Neighbourhood project. This project is the first of its kind in the city with solar panels being fitted to 250 properties and the Eco Radio is the perfect opportunity for young people to get involved and promote green issues to local residents. CD's are now being distributed to schools across the city.
	Protecting Lake Superior July 15: Classical benefit concert Lake Superior Day benefit concert in northern Michigan debuts Boreal Chamber Symphony; organizers hope similar concerts will be formed in U.S., Canadian cities that surround Lake Superior Protecting Lake Superior: Free Michigan concert with classical musicians, dancer will benefit Lake Superior Defense Fund on July 15 (Marquette, Michigan) - The Boreal Chamber Symphony will make its debut on Lake Superior Day in northern Michigan in a dramatic benefit concert to protect America's largest freshwater lake, organizers announced today (Monday June 25, 2007) during a lakeshore press conference. Haunting French horn calls, the soothing sounds of water, a thundering storm, and flowing interpretive dance using rocks, sand, and other items found along the Lake Superior shoreline are all part of the "Concert for Lake Superior: People, Place, Purpose." During the press conference, two percussionists demonstrated their skills using Lake Superior water and rocks to make chilling and rhythmic music that mixed with the sound of small waves rolling ashore. An interpretive dancer gracefully performed on the edge of Lake Superior with the wind rushing through her flowing costume and seed pods on her ankles adding to the soothing natural music. With a view of Lake Superior, the Marquette, Michigan concert will have a water and environment theme. The audience will be surrounded by Lake Superior-related artwork The event is sponsored by the Superior Watershed Partnership and Cedar Tree Institute, Marquette-based non-profits that founded the Earth Keeper Initiative in 2004. The Marquette Community Foundation awarded a $1,500 grant for the concert. "We wanted to help the numerous groups who are protecting Lake Superior and keeping it as beautiful as it is," Martha Conley, Marquette Community Foundation board member and chair of the foundation's grants committee. "We are a true believer in the community and Lake Superior." Organizers hope the event will inspire future Lake Superior Day concerts in other cities encircling the lake like the Baltic Sea Festival. Musicians and environment groups in Wisconsin, Minnesota and Canada are being encouraged to create similar benefits around Lake Superior creating a ring of protection. Organizers are offering a "limited number of travel stipends" to qualified Canadian group that want to attend the Michigan concert to get ideas and inspiration. A group in Thunder Bay, Ontario has expressed interest in creating their own annual concert. The concert is free, but donations are encouraged with all proceeds used for environment projects involving the immense Lake Superior watershed. "By offering this free concert we also hope that people will contribute to the Lake Superior Fund so we can continue and expand our successful Great Lakes protection programs," said Carl Lindquist, executive director of the Superior Watershed Partnership. All donations are tax deductible and go to the Lake Superior Defense Fund. The concert will begin at 7 p.m. on July 15, 2007 at UpFront & Company, a Marquette restaurant with a large banquet room that overlooks the city's lower harbor on Lake Superior. The event is preceded by a 6 p.m. social hour. "The concert is also a way to show that we all have an important role in protecting Lake Superior," Lindquist said. In 2004, the Lake Superior Binational Forum designated the third Sunday in July as Lake Superior Day in the US and Canada. The binational forum is comprised of U.S. and Canadian volunteers including representatives from industry, civic organizations, environment groups and faith communities, and works with governments in both countries to protect Lake Superior. The Lake Superior watershed "is pretty much half of the watershed for the entire Upper Peninsula" and one of three watersheds in northern Michigan, said Natasha Koss, development coordinator for the Superior Watershed Partnership. Koss said the watershed partnership cares about "the big picture, what we can do as an organization and people can do as citizens to protect our beautiful lake." "We all live in it (the Lake Superior watershed), we all drink from its waters, we all swim in its water, we paddle along the shore, we fish in its rivers that drain into Lake Superior," Koss said "So it's all connected and everything we do on the land effects the water of Lake Superior." Master of ceremonies for the concert is Marquette television personality and meteorologist Karl Bohnak (WLUC-TV). The orchestra is comprised of 19 professional musicians from around the country with ties to the Lake Superior region, and one is from Washington D.C. "This concert will be a chance to lift up a vision of a good place and a clean lake - a symbol to the world of water and life," said Rev. Jon Magnuson, executive director of the Cedar Tree Institute and co-founder of the Earth Keeper Initiative. "This evening will be about a beacon of hope - a shout of thanksgiving and invitation to continue a struggle to protect and defend one of the world's greatest natural resources," Rev. Magnuson said. Lake Superior is the deepest (1,333 feet) and coldest of the Great Lakes, its shoreline stretches 2,726 miles (including islands) and is fed by over 200 rivers. The orchestra was named Boreal because the word means "pertaining to, or located in, northern regions" as in "aurora borealis" - and Boreas is the Greek god of the north wind. The concept was inspired by the Baltic Sea Festival which partners classical musicians with environmental causes. Conductor Craig Randal Johnson of Minneapolis, Minnesota and members of the orchestra want to bring awareness to ecological issues. Johnson remembers the exact minute the Lake Superior concert idea was born: at 1:27 p.m. on September 14, 2006. "It was one of those moments when you realize things are suddenly different, said Johnson, who has onducted concerts in Italy, was staff conductor with the Florida Symphony and worked in three German opera houses. Johnson described that instant as a "seed change" and a real "switch over in my thinking." At a Marquette café, Johnson and a friend were discussing "cultural offerings and the state of music in the U.P." and the annual Baltic Sea Festival. 'We wanted to see how the Baltic Sea project could translate to a similar initiative in the Great Lakes," said Johnson. "We very quickly narrowed it down to Lake Superior." Nature and the environment is an "underlining motivating factor for all the music I do," Johnson said. Johnson hopes the concert will "educate the public about the environment and environmental issues and sensibilities." "The convergence of the environment and concerns of the environment are so paramount to us as human beings," said Johnson, who has a long list of orchestras he has conducted, including music director of the 2005 Finn Grand Fest symphony concert in Marquette, the upcoming July 27 Finnfest concert in Ashtabula, Ohio, the Marquette Symphony, and as an instrumental performer at Finnfest 1996. "We want to harness the power of music and art to wake people up," he said. "This concert is important" "I hope that whatever they (the audience) have experienced from the music in an emotional or metaphysical sense also is converging with a feeling of a need to do something to support the health of Lake Superior and the surrounding ecosystem," Johnson said. Johnson hopes concert goers will "donate because you've experienced this powerful music and a unique and potentially spiritual event." "In 2006 Earth Keepers received the highest Great Lakes protection award from the U.S. EPA and Canada," Lindquist said. "The concert for Lake Superior is our way of saying thank you to the thousands of citizens who help us protect this truly great lake." The classical concert will reach many extremes including traditional works from Mozart and Handel, a "religious spiritual" piece, and interpretive dance to the music of Finnish composer Kari Tikka and Estonian composer Arvo Part. Iron County native Evan Premo has been commissioned to create a new work for the concert. Premo's composition "Fall Storm on Lake Superior" was inspired by a chapter in Lon Emerick's book "The Superior Peninsula - Seasons in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan." The chapter is called "Fall Storms on Lake Superior." "I try to evoke the power of the lake in my music like Lon did in this chapter," said Premo, who began writing the composition in April. "The chapter starts with Lon waking up in his home in Skandia on a fall day and hearing the low rumble of the lake. He then drives to Presque Isle where he takes awe at the mighty waves crashing over the breakwater." Emerick's book remembers shipwrecks during fall storms like the Edmund Fitzgerald. Percussionists Carrie Biolo and James A. Strain and dancer Maria Formolo are premiering a performance named "Elements" that uses "rock, sand and driftwood" from Lake Superior. "I'm sure all of us have gone to the lake shore and experienced an amazing storm over Lake Superior where thunder is crashing and lightning is seen across the sky line," said Biolo. The performers will recreate a Lake Superior storm by using "a thunder sheet," and the wind will be created by a "spinning corrugate tube and bull roar" and a "plethora of traditional percussion instruments." "A bowed Chinese cymbal hauntingly reminds me of the men who gave their life to Lake Superior," Biolo said. Formolo will "dance in an stunning costume draped in drift wood simultaneously producing an aural and visual sensation," Biolo said. "Lake Superior rocks will be rhythmically hit together, sand will be poured and water will be played," Biolo said. "Lake Superior rocks will be rhythmically hit together, sand will be poured and water will be played," Biolo said. "A melody of sorts will be produced on crystal goblets filled with various water levels and a large tub filled with water will be 'blooped' and splashed in a rhythmic ostinato." Biolo will perform Frederick Rzewski's To The Earth (1985). She will recite a Homeric hymn "praising Mother Earth" and at the same time will be "tapping four pitched clay flower pots with knitting needles." "Very apropos to Lake Superior -- who nourishes everything around us," Biolo said. " If we take care of the earth, she will give us a happy abundant life." The concert will include Marjory Black and Gary Reeves on French horns. The moving French horns will answer each other with calls resembling foghorns and wildlife. The event includes an art exhibit by regional nature artists and Great Lakes authors. Displays will offer educational materials and opportunities for people to participate in regional environment stewardship initiatives. The program includes: Evan Premo, Fall Storm On Lake Superior - a world premiere commission for this Concert; Frederic Rzewski, To the Earth; Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Symphony No. 29 in A, K. 201; Verne Reynolds, Calls for two French Horns; Carrie Biolo, James A. Strain and Maria Formolo, "Elements"; composer/pianist Carl Lindquist, Lake Superior Suite; Kari Tikka, 'Exsultate'!; Arvo Pärt, 'Fratres'; Georg Fredrich Händel, selections from Water Music. The Superior Watershed Partnership and the Cedar Tree Institute organize annual Earth Keeper Clean Sweeps that broke EPA household hazardous waste collection records. The annual Earth Day collection across northern Michigan has recycled or properly disposed about 470 tons of household hazardous waste including pharmaceuticals, old/broken computers and cell phones, poisons, lead-based paint, mercury, and vehicle batteries. The Superior Watershed Partnership and the Cedar Tree Institute have collaborated on numerous environmental projects over the last decade including but not limited to stream restoration, controlling invasive species, restoring native plant species, storm water management, dune restoration, Great Lakes monitoring, wild rice restoration, erosion control and energy conservation. Partners in those projects include Marquette County Juvenile Court, the Keweenaw Bay Indian Community, 140 churches/temples. The bishops/leaders of nine faith traditions (Catholic, Episcopal, Lutheran, Presbyterian, United Methodist Church, Unitarian Universalist, Baha'i, Jewish, and Zen Buddhist) signed the Earth Keeper Covenant in 2004 pledging to actively protect the environment and reach out to American Indian tribes. For more information contact the concert co-sponsors: Carl Lindquist, 228-6095; Rev. Jon Magnuson, 228-5494 Related websites: Superior Watershed Partnership http://www.superiorwatersheds.org The Cedar Tree Institute http://www.cedartreeinstitute.com Conductor Craig Randal Johnson http://www.tonttu.com Lake Superior Binational Forum http://www.superiorforum.info
	Challenging Canada: U.S. symphony protects Lake Superior Canadian musicians, environment groups encouraged to protect Lake Superior with ring of protection with benefit concerts each July. Inspiring Canadians: Boreal Chamber Symphony formed in U.S. for annual Lake Superior Day concerts to raise protection funds. (Marquette, Michigan) - Canadian communities, musicians and environment groups are encouraged to start annual Lake Superior Day concerts by organizers of a symphony orchestra in northern Michigan created to protect North America's largest freshwater lake. The Boreal Chamber Symphony will make its debut July 15, 2007 on Lake Superior Day in Marquette, Michigan with a dramatic benefit concert. An American environment group is offering to "limited number of travel stipends" to qualified Canadian organizations who want to attend the U.S. concert to get ideas on starting a similar project on the north shore of Lake Superior. "An organization in the city of Thunder Bay, Ontario has already expressed interest and may send representatives to the Marquette concert to learn more about hosting such an event," said Carl Lindquist, executive director of the Superior Watershed Partnership in Marquette. Earth Keeper volunteer media advisor Greg Peterson reports. For more information contact the concert co-sponsors: Carl Lindquist, 906-228-6095; Rev. Jon Magnuson, 906-228-5494 Related websites: Superior Watershed Partnership http://www.superiorwatersheds.org The Cedar Tree Institute http://www.cedartreeinstitute.com Conductor Craig Randal Johnson http://www.tonttu.com Lake Superior Binational Forum http://www.superiorforum.info Story continued: During a Monday (June 25, 2007) press conference, two percussionists demonstrated their skills using Lake Superior water and rocks to make chilling and rhythmic music that mixed with the sound of small waves rolling ashore. An interpretive dancer gracefully performed on the edge of Lake Superior with the wind rushing through her flowing costume and seed pods on her ankles adding to the soothing natural music. Haunting French horn calls, the soothing sounds of water, a thundering storm, and flowing interpretive dance using rocks, sand, and other items found along the Lake Superior shoreline are all part of the "Concert for Lake Superior: People, Place, Purpose." With a view of Lake Superior, the concert will have a water and environment theme. The audience will be surrounded by Lake Superior-related artwork. The Lake Superior watershed "is pretty much half of the watershed for the entire Upper Peninsula" and one of three watersheds in northern Michigan, said Natasha Koss, development coordinator for the Superior Watershed Partnership. "We hope this concert can be a model for other communities in Canada to be able to celebrate this special day - we all share Lake Superior and we all use its waters," Koss said. The event is sponsored by the Superior Watershed Partnership and Cedar Tree Institute, Marquette non-profits that founded the Earth Keeper Initiative in 2004. "Lake Superior is an international body of water, and we hope and encourage groups in Thunder Bay and Sault Ste. Marie and other Canadian communities on Lake Superior to put on concerts or festivals which support initiatives promoting the health of the lake," said conductor Craig Randal Johnson of Minneapolis, Minnesota. The Marquette Community Foundation awarded a $1,500 grant for the concert. "We wanted to help the numerous groups who are protecting Lake Superior and keeping it as beautiful as it is," Martha Conley, Marquette Community Foundation board member and chair of the foundation's grants committee. "We are a true believer in the community and Lake Superior." Lindquist said organizers "hope that the concert for Lake Superior will become an annual event that might be replicated in other communities around Lake Superior, including Canada." In 2004, the Lake Superior Binational Forum designated the third Sunday in July as Lake Superior Day in the U.S. and Canada. The binational forum is comprised of U.S. and Canadian volunteers including representatives from industry, civic organizations, environment groups and faith communities, and works with governments in both countries to protect Lake Superior. The concert will begin at 7 p.m. on July 15 at UpFront & Company, a Marquette restaurant with a large conference room that overlooks the Lake Superior lower harbor. A social hours begins at 6 p.m. The concert is free, but donations are encouraged with all proceeds used for environment projects involving the immense Lake Superior watershed. "By offering this free concert we also hope that people will contribute to the Lake Superior Fund so we can continue and expand our successful Great Lakes protection programs," Lindquist said. All donations are tax deductible and go to the Lake Superior Defense Fund. Koss said the watershed partnership cares about "the big picture, what we can do as an organization and people can do as citizens to protect our beautiful lake." "We all live in it (the Lake Superior watershed), we all drink from its waters, we all swim in its water, we paddle along the shore, we fish in its rivers that drain into Lake Superior," Koss said "So it's all connected and everything we do on the land effects the water of Lake Superior." Master of ceremonies for the concert is Marquette television personality and meteorologist Karl Bohnak (WLUC-TV). The orchestra is comprised of 19 professional musicians from around the country with ties to the Lake Superior region. "This concert will be a chance to lift up a vision of a good place and a clean lake - a symbol to the world of water and life," said Rev. Jon Magnuson, executive director of the Cedar Tree Institute and co-founder of the Earth Keeper Initiative. "This evening will be about a beacon of hope - a shout of thanksgiving and invitation to continue a struggle to protect and defend one of the world's greatest natural resources," Rev. Magnuson said. Lake Superior is the deepest (1,333 feet) and coldest of the Great Lakes, its shoreline stretches 2,726 miles (including islands) and is fed by over 200 rivers. The orchestra was named Boreal because the word means "pertaining to, or located in, northern regions" as in "aurora borealis" - and Boreas is the Greek god of the north wind. The concept was inspired by the Baltic Sea Festival which partners classical musicians with environmental causes. Conductor Craig Randal Johnson of Minneapolis, Minnesota and members of the orchestra want to bring awareness to ecological issues. Johnson remembers the exact minute the Lake Superior concert idea was born: at 1:27 p.m. on September 14, 2006. "It was one of those moments when you realize things are suddenly different, said Johnson, describing that instant as a "seed change" and a real "switch over in my thinking." At a Marquette café, Johnson and a friend were discussing "cultural offerings and the state of music in the U.P." and the annual Baltic Sea Festival. 'We wanted to see how the Baltic Sea project could translate to a similar initiative in the Great Lakes," said Johnson. "We very quickly narrowed it down to Lake Superior." Nature and the environment is an "underlining motivating factor for all the music I do," Johnson said. Johnson hopes the concert will "educate the public about the environment and environmental issues and sensibilities." "The convergence of the environment and concerns of the environment are so paramount to us as human beings," said Johnson, who has a long list of orchestras he has conducted, including music director of the 2005 Finn Grand Fest symphony concert in Marquette, the upcoming July 27 Finnfest concert in Ashtabula, Ohio, the Marquette Symphony, and as an instrumental performer at Finnfest 1996. "We want to harness the power of music and art to wake people up," he said. "This concert is important" "I hope that whatever they (the audience) have experienced from the music in an emotional or metaphysical sense also is converging with a feeling of a need to do something to support the health of Lake Superior and the surrounding ecosystem," Johnson said. Johnson hopes concert goers will "donate because you've experienced this powerful music and a unique and potentially spiritual event." "In 2006 Earth Keepers received the highest Great Lakes protection award from the U.S. EPA and Canada," Lindquist said. "The concert for Lake Superior is our way of saying thank you to the thousands of citizens who help us protect this truly great lake." The classical concert will reach many extremes including traditional works from Mozart and Handel, a "religious spiritual" piece, and interpretive dance to the music of Finnish composer Kari Tikka and Estonian composer Arvo Part. Marquette organizers hope the event will inspire future Lake Superior Day concerts in other cities encircling the lake like the Baltic Sea Festival. Iron County native Evan Premo has been commissioned to create a new work for the concert. Premo's composition "Fall Storm on Lake Superior" was inspired by a chapter in Lon Emerick's book "The Superior Peninsula - Seasons in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan." The chapter is called "Fall Storms on Lake Superior." "I try to evoke the power of the lake in my music like Lon did in this chapter," said Premo, who began writing the composition in April. "The chapter starts with Lon waking up in his home in Skandia on a fall day and hearing the low rumble of the lake. He then drives to Presque Isle where he takes awe at the mighty waves crashing over the breakwater." Emerick's book remembers shipwrecks during fall storms like the Edmund Fitzgerald. Percussionists Carrie Biolo and James A. Strain and dancer Maria Formolo are premiering a performance named "Elements" that uses "rock, sand and driftwood" from Lake Superior. "I'm sure all of us have gone to the lake shore and experienced an amazing storm over Lake Superior where thunder is crashing and lightning is seen across the sky line," said Biolo. The performers will recreate a Lake Superior storm by using "a thunder sheet," and the wind will be created by a "spinning corrugate tube and bull roar" and a "plethora of traditional percussion instruments." "A bowed Chinese cymbal hauntingly reminds me of the men who gave their life to Lake Superior," Biolo said. Formolo will "dance in an stunning costume draped in drift wood simultaneously producing an aural and visual sensation," Biolo said. "Lake Superior rocks will be rhythmically hit together, sand will be poured and water will be played," Biolo said. "Lake Superior rocks will be rhythmically hit together, sand will be poured and water will be played," Biolo said. "A melody of sorts will be produced on crystal goblets filled with various water levels and a large tub filled with water will be 'blooped' and splashed in a rhythmic ostinato." Biolo will perform Frederick Rzewski's To The Earth (1985). She will recite a Homeric hymn "praising Mother Earth" and at the same time will be "tapping four pitched clay flower pots with knitting needles." "Very apropos to Lake Superior -- who nourishes everything around us," Biolo said. " If we take care of the earth, she will give us a happy abundant life." The concert will include Marjory Black and Gary Reeves on French horns. The moving French horns will answer each other with calls resembling foghorns and wildlife. The event includes an art exhibit by regional nature artists and Great Lakes authors. Displays will offer educational materials and opportunities for people to participate in regional environment stewardship initiatives. The program includes: Evan Premo, Fall Storm On Lake Superior - a world premiere commission for this Concert; Frederic Rzewski, To the Earth; Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Symphony No. 29 in A, K. 201; Verne Reynolds, Calls for two French Horns; Carrie Biolo, James A. Strain and Maria Formolo, "Elements"; composer/pianist Carl Lindquist, Lake Superior Suite; Kari Tikka, 'Exsultate'!; Arvo Pärt, 'Fratres'; Georg Fredrich Händel, selections from Water Music. The Superior Watershed Partnership and the Cedar Tree Institute organize annual Earth Keeper Clean Sweeps that broke EPA household hazardous waste collection records. The annual Earth Day collection across northern Michigan has recycled or properly disposed about 470 tons of household hazardous waste including pharmaceuticals, old/broken computers and cell phones, poisons, lead-based paint, mercury, and vehicle batteries. The Superior Watershed Partnership and the Cedar Tree Institute have collaborated on numerous environmental projects over the last decade including but not limited to stream restoration, controlling invasive species, restoring native plant species, storm water management, dune restoration, Great Lakes monitoring, wild rice restoration, erosion control and energy conservation. Partners in those projects include Marquette County Juvenile Court, the Keweenaw Bay Indian Community, 140 churches/temples. The bishops/leaders of nine faith traditions (Catholic, Episcopal, Lutheran, Presbyterian, United Methodist Church, Unitarian Universalist, Baha'i, Jewish, and Zen Buddhist) signed the Earth Keeper Covenant in 2004 pledging to actively protect the environment and reach out to American Indian tribes. For more information contact the concert co-sponsors: Carl Lindquist, 906-228-6095; Rev. Jon Magnuson, 906-228-5494 Related websites: Superior Watershed Partnership http://www.superiorwatersheds.org The Cedar Tree Institute http://www.cedartreeinstitute.com Conductor Craig Randal Johnson http://www.tonttu.com Lake Superior Binational Forum http://www.superiorforum.info
	Beatles The Beatles Paul McCartney, Ringo Starr, George Harrison, and John Lennon Beatles Soundtrack (partials) 0:00 - 0:13 Twist & Shout 0:14 - 0:29 I Feel Fine 0:29 - 0:41 We Can Work It Out 0:41 - 0:54 I Wanna Hold Your Hand 0:54 - 1:10 Love Me Do 1:10 - 1:21 She Loves You 1:21 - 1:39 Yes It Is 1:40 - 1:55 I Will 1:56 - 2:20 All My Loving 2:20 - 2:44 Birthday 2:45 - 3:10 Lucy in the Sky 3:10 - 3:26 Sgt. Pepper 3:26 - 3:42 I Am the Walrus 3:42 - 3:57 Magical Mystery Tour 3:57 - 4:13 Yes it Is (again) 4:13 - 4:24 She Loves You (again) 4:24 - 4:44 Ticket to Ride 4:44 - 5:05 Paperback Writer 5:05 - 5:30 Hey Jude 5:30 - 5:52 Get Back 5:53 - 6:02 I need help here, no idea what this one is 6:02 - 6:29 Ob La Di Ob La Da [ above is courtesy of HappyDaze01. Thx HaDz01"!] Origin Liverpool, England Rock/Pop - Years active 1960--1970 Parlophone, Capitol, Apple, Vee-Jay, Polydor, Swan, Tollie Related to Tony Sheridan, The Quarrymen, The Plastic Ono Band, The Dirty Mac, Wings, Traveling Wilburys, Rory Storm and the Hurricanes, Ringo Starr All-Starr Band, Billy Preston Members - Ever to Date John Lennon Paul McCartney George Harrison Ringo Starr Former members Stuart Sutcliffe Pete Best The Beatles were an English rock band from Liverpool whose members were John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr. They are the most commercially successful and critically acclaimed band in the history of popular music. The Beatles are the best-selling musical act of all time in the United States of America, according to the Recording Industry Association of America, which certified them as the highest selling band of all time based on American sales of singles and albums. In the United Kingdom, The Beatles released more than 40 different singles, albums, and EPs that reached number one. This commercial success was repeated in many other countries: their record company, EMI, estimated that by 1985 they had sold over one billion discs and tapes worldwide. In 2004, Rolling Stone Magazine ranked The Beatles #1 on their list of 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. According to that same magazine, their innovative music and cultural impact helped define the 1960s,[2] and their influence on pop culture can still be felt today. The Beatles led the mid-1960s musical "British Invasion" into the United States. Although their initial musical style was rooted in 1950s rock and roll and homegrown skiffle, the group explored genres ranging from Tin Pan Alley to psychedelic rock. Their clothes, styles, and statements made them trend-setters, while their growing social awareness saw their influence extend into the social and cultural revolutions of the 1960s. 1957--1960: Formation The Quarrymen In March 1957, John Lennon formed a skiffle group called The Quarrymen whilst attending Quarry Bank Grammar School in Liverpool.[6] Lennon and the Quarrymen met guitarist Paul McCartney at the Woolton Garden Fête held at St. Peter's Church on 6 July 1957.[7] On 6 February 1958, the young guitarist George Harrison was invited to watch the group (who played under a variety of names) at Wilson Hall, Garston, Liverpool.[8] McCartney had become acquainted with Harrison on the morning school bus ride to the Liverpool Institute, as they both lived in Speke. At McCartney's insistence, Harrison joined the Quarrymen as lead guitarist[9] after a rehearsal in March 1958, overcoming Lennon's initial reluctance because of Harrison's young age.[10] Members continually joined and left the lineup during that period, and in January 1960 Lennon's art school friend Stuart Sutcliffe joined on bass.[11] Lennon and McCartney both played rhythm guitar and the group had a high turnover of drummers. The Quarrymen went through a progression of names — "Johnny and the Moondogs", "Long John and the Beatles", "the Silver Beetles" (derived from Larry Parnes' suggestion of "Long John and the Silver Beetles") — before settling on "The Beatles". There are many theories as to the origin of the name and its unusual spelling. It is usually credited to Lennon, who said that the name was a combination word-play on the insects "beetles" (as a reference to Buddy Holly's band, the Crickets) and the word "beat". Cynthia Lennon suggests that Lennon came up with the name Beatles at a "brainstorming session over a beer-soaked table in the Renshaw Hall bar."[12] Lennon, who was well known for giving multiple versions of the same story joked in a 1961 Mersey Beat magazine article that "It came in a vision — a man appeared on a flaming pie and said unto them, 'From this day on you are Beatles with an A'".[13] During an interview in 2001, Paul McCartney took credit for the peculiar spelling of the name, saying that "John had the idea of calling us the Beetles, I said, 'how about the Beatles; you know, like the beat of the drum?' At the time, everyone was stoned enough to find it hilarious. It's funny how history is made." [14] In May 1960 The Beatles toured northeast Scotland as a back-up band with singer Johnny Gentle.[15] They met Gentle an hour before their first gig, and McCartney referred to the tour as a great experience for the band.[16] For the tour the often drummerless group secured the services of Tommy Moore, who was considerably older than the others.[17] Soon after the tour, however, feeling the age gap was too great Moore left the band and went back to work in a bottling factory as a fork-lift truck driver.[18] Norman Chapman was the band's next drummer, but was called up for National Service in a few weeks. His departure posed a significant problem as the group's unofficial manager, Allan Williams, had arranged for them to perform in clubs on the Reeperbahn in Hamburg, Germany.[19] 1960--1970: The Beatles Hamburg On 15 August 1960, McCartney invited Pete Best to become the group's permanent drummer. He had watched Best play with the Blackjacks[20] in the Casbah Club, owned by Pete's mother, Mona Best. This was a cellar club in West Derby, Liverpool, where The Beatles had played and often visited.[21] In the documentary The Compleat Beatles, Williams said that Best "played not too cleverly, but passable." The Beatles started playing in Hamburg at the Indra and Kaiserkeller bars. They were required to play six or seven hours a night, seven nights a week. Shortly after they began performing at a new venue, the "Top Ten Club",[22] Harrison was deported for having lied to the German authorities about his age.[23] A week later, having started a small fire at their living quarters while vacating it for more luxurious rooms, McCartney and Best were arrested, charged with arson, and deported.[24] Lennon followed the others to Liverpool in mid-December. The reunited Beatles played their first engagement on 17 December 1960 at the Casbah Club and returned to Hamburg in April 1961. Whilst playing at the Top Ten Club they were recruited by singer Tony Sheridan to act as his backing band on a series of recordings for the German Polydor Records label,[25] produced by famed bandleader Bert Kaempfert.[19] Kaempfert signed the group to its own Polydor contract at the first session on 22 June 1961. On 31 October Polydor released the recording "My Bonnie (Mein Herz ist bei dir nur)", which appeared on the German charts under the name "Tony Sheridan and the Beat Brothers", a generic name used for whoever happened to be in Sheridan's backup band.[26] In addition to the legend that this record led to the group's eventual meeting with Brian Epstein, it also resulted in their first mention in the American press. Around the beginning of 1962, Cashbox mentioned "My Bonnie" as the debut of a "new rock and roll team, Tony Sheridan and the Beat Brothers". A few copies were also pressed under the Decca label for U.S. disc jockeys, as American Decca had a distribution deal with Polydor parent Deutsche Grammophon.[27] (This was ironic, considering that by this time the then-unaffiliated British Decca had turned down the group's attempt to gain a recording contract.) When the group returned to Liverpool, Sutcliffe stayed on in Hamburg with his new German fiancee Astrid Kirchherr, [28] and McCartney took over bass duties.[29] Their third stay in Hamburg was from 13 April to 31 May 1962, when they opened The Star Club.[19] Upon their arrival they were informed of Sutcliffe's death from a brain haemorrhage.[30] Epstein took over as the group's manager in January 1962 and led The Beatles' quest for a British recording contract. Epstein had been manager of the record department at North End Music Store (NEMS), an offshoot of his family's furniture store. He played on the status of NEMS as a major record dealer to gain access to producers and recording company executives. In a now-famous exchange, Decca Records A&R executive Dick Rowe turned Epstein down flat, informing him that "Guitar groups are on the way out, Mr. Epstein."[31] While Epstein was negotiating with Decca, he also approached EMI marketing executive Ron White.[32] White (who was not himself a record producer) in turn contacted EMI producers Norrie Paramor, Walter Ridley, and Norman Newell, all of whom declined to record The Beatles.[33] White did not approach EMI's fourth staff producer — George Martin — who was on holiday at the time.[34] Record contract After failing to impress Decca Records, Epstein went to the HMV store on Oxford Street in London to transfer the Decca tapes to discs. There, recording engineer Jim Foy referred him to Sid Coleman, who ran EMI's publishing arm. When Coleman heard the demo tapes he suggested taking the tapes to George Martin, who, Coleman explained, "does comedy records" and headed the Parlophone label at EMI. Epstein eventually met with Martin, who signed the group to EMI on a one-year renewable contract and scheduled their first recording session on 6 June at EMI's Abbey Road studios in north London.[35] Martin had not been particularly impressed by the band's demo recordings,[36] but he instantly liked them as people when he met them. He concluded that they had raw musical talent, but said (in later interviews) that what made the difference for him was their wit and humour.[37] Martin did have a problem with Pete Best, [36] whom he criticised for not being able to keep time. He privately suggested to Epstein that the band use another drummer in the studio. Best was good-looking and popular with the group's fans, but the three founding members had become increasingly unhappy with his drumming and his personality.[citation needed] There was speculation by some that Best's popularity[38] with fans was another source of friction. In addition, Epstein had become exasperated with his refusal to adopt the distinctive hairstyle as part of their unified look. Best also had missed a number of engagements because of illness. The three founding members enlisted Epstein to dismiss Best - which he did on 16 August 1962.[39] They asked Ringo Starr (born Richard Starkey), the drummer for one of the top Merseybeat groups, Rory Storm and the Hurricanes, to join the band, as Starr had performed occasionally with The Beatles in Hamburg.[40] The first recordings of Lennon, McCartney, Harrison, and Starr together were made as early as 15 October 1960, in a series of demonstration records privately recorded in Hamburg while acting as the backing group for singer Lu Walters.[41] Starr played on The Beatles' second EMI recording session on 4 September 1962, but Martin hired session drummer Andy White for their next session on 11 September.[42] Their recording contract paid them one penny for each single sold, which was split amongst the four Beatles — one farthing per group member.[43] This royalty rate was further reduced for singles sold outside the UK, on which they received half of one penny (again split between the whole band) per single. Martin said later that it was a "pretty awful" contract.[43] Their publishing contract with Dick James Music (DJM) was also standard for the time: songwriters received the statutory minimum of 50% of the gross monies received, with the publisher retaining the other 50%.[citation needed] The Beatles' first EMI session on 6 June did not yield any releasable recordings but the September sessions produced a minor UK hit, "Love Me Do", which peaked on the charts at number 17.[44] ("Love Me Do" reached the top of the U.S. singles chart over 18 months later in May 1964.) On 26 November they recorded their second single "Please Please Me", which reached no. 2 in the official UK charts and no. 1 in the NME chart. Three months later they recorded their first album (also titled Please Please Me). The band's first televised performance was on the People and Places programme transmitted live from Manchester by Granada Television on 17 October 1962.[45] As The Beatles' fame spread, the frenzied adulation of the group, predominantly from teenage female fans, was dubbed 'Beatlemania'. In November 1963 The Beatles appeared on the Royal Variety Performance and were photographed with Marlene Dietrich, who also appeared on the show.[citation needed] America Although the band experienced huge popularity in the UK record charts from early 1963, EMI's American operation, Capitol Records, declined to issue the singles "Please Please Me" and "From Me to You (their first official no. 1 hit in the UK)".[46] Vee-Jay Records, a small Chicago label, issued the singles as part of a deal for the rights to another performer's masters. Art Roberts, music director of Chicago powerhouse radio station WLS, placed "Please Please Me" into radio rotation in late February 1963 making it the first time a Beatles record was heard on American radio. Vee-Jay's rights to The Beatles were later cancelled for non-payment of royalties.[47] In August 1963, Philadelphia-based Swan Records released "She Loves You", which also failed to receive airplay. A testing of the song on Dick Clark's TV show American Bandstand produced laughter from American teenagers when they saw the group's distinctive hairstyles. New York disc jockey Murray the K featured "She Loves You" on his '1010 WINS record revue' show in January.[48] In early November 1963, Brian Epstein persuaded Ed Sullivan to present The Beatles on three editions of his show in February, and parlayed this guaranteed exposure into a record deal with Capitol Records. Capitol committed to a mid-January release for "I Want to Hold Your Hand",[49] On 7 December 1963 a clip of The Beatles was shown on the CBS Evening News (the story originally had been scheduled to air on 22 November and was aired on the CBS Morning News but was pre-empted by the assassination of John F. Kennedy). The clip inspired a teenage girl in Washington, D.C. to request a Beatles song on a local radio station. The station secured an imported copy of "I Want to Hold Your Hand" — forcing Capitol Records to release the song ahead of schedule on 26 December. Several New York radio stations — first WMCA, then WINS (AM) and WABC — began playing "I Want to Hold Your Hand" on its release day. The Beatlemania that had started in Washington was duplicated in New York and quickly spread to other markets. The record sold one million copies in just ten days, and by 16 January, Cashbox magazine had certified the record number one (in the edition marked 23 January). On 3 January 1964 a film of The Beatles performing "She Loves You" was aired on the late-night Jack Paar Show. Beatlemania crosses the Atlantic On 7 February 1964, a crowd of four thousand fans at Heathrow Airport waved to The Beatles as they took off for their first trip to America as a group.[51] They were accompanied by photographers, journalists (including Maureen Cleave) and Phil Spector, who had booked himself on the same flight.[52] The pilot had radioed ahead, and as they prepared to land said, "Tell the boys there's a big crowd waiting for them." Kennedy International Airport had never experienced such a crowd, estimated at about 3,000 screaming fans.[53] After a press conference (where they first met Murray the K) they were put into limousines and driven to New York. On the way McCartney turned on a radio and listened to a running commentary: "They [The Beatles] have just left the airport and are coming to New York City..."[54] After reaching the Plaza Hotel, they were besieged by fans and reporters. Harrison had a temperature of 102 the next day and was ordered to stay in bed, so Neil Aspinall replaced him for the first television rehearsal.[55] Their first live American television appearance was on the The Ed Sullivan Show on 9 February 1964. The next morning practically every newspaper wrote that The Beatles were nothing more than a "fad", and "could not carry a tune across the Atlantic".[56] Their first American concert appearance was at Washington Coliseum in Washington, D.C. on 11 February.[57] After The Beatles' huge success in 1964, Vee-Jay Records and Swan Records took advantage of their previously secured rights to The Beatles' early recordings and reissued the songs, all of which reached the top ten the second time around. (MGM and Atco also secured rights to The Beatles' early Tony Sheridan-era recordings and had minor hits with "My Bonnie" and "Ain't She Sweet", the latter featuring John Lennon on lead vocal.) In addition to Introducing... The Beatles, which was essentially The Beatles' debut British album with some minor alterations, Vee-Jay also issued an unusual LP called The Beatles Vs The Four Seasons. This 2-LP set paired Introducing... The Beatles and The Golden Hits Of The Four Seasons, another successful act that Vee-Jay had under contract, in a 'contest' (the back cover featured a 'score card'). Another unusual release was the Hear The Beatles Tell All album, which consisted of two lengthy interviews with Los Angeles radio disc jockeys (side one was titled "Dave Hull interviews John Lennon," while side two was titled "Jim Steck interviews John, Paul, George, Ringo"). No Beatles music was included on this interview album, which turned out to be the only Vee Jay Beatles album Capitol Records could not reclaim. The Vee-Jay/Swan-issued recordings eventually ended up with Capitol, who issued most of the Vee-Jay material on the American-only Capitol release The Early Beatles, with three songs left off this final US version of the album. ("I Saw Her Standing There" was issued as the American B-side of "I Want to Hold Your Hand," and also appeared on the Capitol Records album Meet The Beatles. "Misery" and "There's a Place" were issued as a Capitol "Starline" reissue single in 1964, and reappeared on the 1980 Rarities compilation album.) The early Vee-Jay and Swan Beatles records command a high price on the record collectors' market, and all have been copiously bootlegged.[58] The Swan tracks ("She Loves You" and "I'll Get You") were issued on the Capitol LP The Beatles' Second Album. (Swan also issued the German-language version of "She Loves You," called "Sie Liebt Dich." This song later appeared (in stereo) on Capitol's US version of the Rarities compilation album.) In mid-1964 the band undertook their first appearances outside of Europe and North America. They toured Australia and New Zealand without Ringo Starr, who was ill and temporarily replaced by session drummer Jimmy Nicol. In Adelaide they were greeted by over 300,000 people who turned out at Adelaide Town Hall.[59] In June 1965, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II appointed the four Beatles Members of the Order of the British Empire, MBE. The band members were nominated by Prime Minister Harold Wilson (who also was the M.P. for Huyton, Liverpool).[60] The appointment — at that time primarily bestowed upon military veterans and civic leaders — sparked some conservative MBE recipients to return their insignia in protest.[61] The first two were returned on 14 June, before The Beatles received theirs on 26 October 1965.[62] On 15 August that year, The Beatles performed the first stadium concert in the history of rock, playing at Shea Stadium in New York to a crowd of 55,600.[63] Their sixth album, Rubber Soul, was released in early December 1965. It was hailed as a major leap forward in the maturity and complexity of the band's music.[64] Backlash and controversy In July 1966, when The Beatles toured the Philippines, they unintentionally snubbed the nation's first lady, Imelda Marcos, who had expected the group to attend a breakfast reception at the Presidential Palace.[65] When presented with the invitation, Brian Epstein politely declined on behalf of the group, as it had never been the group's policy to accept such "official" invitations.[66] The group soon found that the Marcos regime was unaccustomed to accepting "no" for an answer. After the 'snub' was broadcast on Philippine television and radio, all of The Beatles' police protection disappeared. The group and their entourage had to make their way to Manila airport on their own. At the airport, roadie Mal Evans was beaten and kicked, and the band members were pushed and jostled about by a hostile crowd.[67] Once the group boarded the plane, Epstein and Evans were ordered off, and Evans said, "Tell my wife that I love her."[68] Epstein was forced to give back all the money that the band had earned while they were there before being allowed back on the plane.[69] Almost as soon as they returned from the Philippines, an earlier comment by Lennon made in March that year launched a backlash against The Beatles from religious and social conservatives in the United States. In an interview with British reporter Maureen Cleave,[70] Lennon had offered his opinion that Christianity was dying and that The Beatles were "more popular than Jesus now."[71] Afterwards, a radio station in Birmingham, Alabama, ran a story on burning Beatles records, in what was considered to be a joke. However, many people affiliated with rural churches in the American South started taking the suggestion seriously. Towns across the United States and South Africa started to burn Beatles records in protest. Attempting to make light of the incident, McCartney said, "They've got to buy them before they can burn them." Under tremendous pressure from the American media, Lennon apologised for his remarks at a press conference in Chicago on August 11, the eve of the first performance of what turned out to be their final tour.[72] The group's two-year series of Capitol compilations also took a strange twist in the United States when one of their publicity shots, used for a Yesterday and Today album and a poster promoting the UK release of "Paperback Writer", created an uproar, as it featured the band draped in meat and plastic dolls. Thousands of these copies had to be withdrawn. Years later, the cover shot was linked with the group's interest in German expressionism.[72] Elvis Presley disapproved of The Beatles's anti-war activism and open use of drugs, later asking President Nixon to ban all four members of the group from entering the United States. Peter Guralnick writes, "The Beatles, Elvis said, [...] had been a focal point for anti-Americanism. They had come to this country, made their money, then gone back to England where they fomented anti-American feeling."[73] Guralnick adds, "Presley indicated that he is of the opinion that The Beatles laid the groundwork for many of the problems we are having with young people by their filthy unkempt appearances and suggestive music while entertaining in this country during the early and middle 1960s."[74] Despite Elvis' remarks, Lennon still had some positive feeling towards him: "Before Elvis, there was nothing."[75] The studio years The Beatles at their last concert, Candlestick Park.In April 1966, the group began recording what would be their most ambitious album to date, Revolver. During the recording sessions for the album, tape looping and early sampling were introduced in a complex mix of ballad, R&B, soul and world music. The Beatles performed their last concert before paying fans at Candlestick Park in San Francisco on 29 August 1966.[72] McCartney asked Tony Barrow to tape the event, but the 30-minute tape he used ran out halfway through the last song. The concert lasted a little under 35 minutes.[76] From then on, The Beatles concentrated on recording. Less than seven months after recording Revolver, The Beatles returned to Abbey Road Studios on 24 November 1966 to begin the 129-day recording sessions for their eighth album, Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, released on 1 June 1967. On 25 June 1967, The Beatles became the first band globally transmitted on television—before an estimated 400 million people worldwide. The band appeared in a segment within the first-ever worldwide TV satellite hook-up, a show titled Our World. The Beatles were transmitted live from Abbey Road Studios, and their new song "All You Need Is Love" was recorded live during the show. The band's business affairs began to unravel after manager Brian Epstein died of an accidental prescription drug overdose on 27 August 1967 at the age of 32. At the end of 1967, they received their first major negative press in the UK with disparaging reviews of their surrealistic TV film Magical Mystery Tour.[77] Part of the criticism arose because colour was an integral part of the film, but in 1967 few viewers in the UK had colour televisions. The film's soundtrack, which features one of The Beatles' few instrumental tracks ("Flying"), was released in the United Kingdom as a double EP, and in the United States as a full LP (the LP is now the official version). The group spent the early part of 1968 in Rishikesh, Uttar Pradesh, India, studying transcendental meditation with the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi.[78] Upon their return, Lennon and McCartney went to New York to announce the formation of Apple Corps. The middle of 1968 saw the band busy recording the double album The Beatles, popularly known as The White Album because of its plain white cover. These sessions saw deep divisions opening within the band, with Starr temporarily walking out. The band carried on, with McCartney recording the drums on the songs "Martha My Dear", "Wild Honey Pie", "Dear Prudence" and "Back in the USSR". Among the other causes of dissension were that Lennon's new girlfriend, Yoko Ono, was at his side through almost all of the sessions, and that the others felt that McCartney was becoming too dominating.[79] Internal divisions within the band had been a small but growing problem during their early years; most notably, this was reflected in the difficulty that George Harrison experienced in getting his own songs onto Beatles albums. On the business side, McCartney wanted Lee Eastman, the father of his then-girlfriend Linda Eastman, to manage The Beatles, but the other members wanted New York manager Allen Klein. All past Beatles' decisions had been unanimous, but this time the four could not agree. Lennon, Harrison and Starr felt the Eastmans would put McCartney's interests before those of the group. In 1971 it was discovered that Klein, who had been appointed manager, had stolen £5 million from The Beatles' holdings. Years later, during the Anthology interviews, McCartney said of this time, "Looking back, I can understand why they would feel that he [Lee Eastman] was biased against them." Their final live performance was on the rooftop of the Apple building in Savile Row, London, on 30 January 1969, the next-to-last day of the difficult Get Back sessions. Most of the performance was filmed and later included in the film Let It Be. While the band was playing, the local police were called because of complaints about the noise. Although the group was simply asked to end their performance, the band members later remarked in the Anthology video that they were disappointed they were not arrested — pointing out that the police hauling the band members off in handcuffs would have been "an appropriate ending" for the film. The Beatles recorded their final album, Abbey Road, in the summer of 1969. The completion of the song "I Want You (She's So Heavy)" for the album on 20 August was the last time all four Beatles were together in the same studio. Their final new song was Harrison's "I Me Mine", recorded 3 January 1970 and released on the Let It Be album. It was recorded without Lennon, who was in Denmark when the song was recorded.[80] Breakup John Lennon announced his departure to the rest of the group on 20 September 1969 but agreed that no announcement was to be publicly made until a number of legal matters were resolved. In March 1970 the Get Back session tapes were given to American producer Phil Spector, who had produced Lennon's solo single "Instant Karma!". Spector's "Wall of Sound" production values went against the original intent of the record, which had been to record a stripped-down live performance. McCartney was deeply dissatisfied with Spector's treatment of "The Long and Winding Road", and unsuccessfully attempted to halt release of Spector's version of the song. McCartney publicly announced the break-up on 10 April 1970, a week before releasing his first solo album, McCartney. Pre-release copies included a press release with a self-written interview explaining the end of The Beatles and his hopes for the future.[81] On 8 May 1970, the Spector-produced version of Get Back was released as Let It Be, followed by the documentary film of the same name. The Beatles' partnership was finally dissolved in 1975.[82] 1970--present: After The Beatles Ringo Starr, 1968 Shortly before and after the official dissolution of the group, all four Beatles released solo albums, including Lennon's John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band, McCartney's McCartney, Starr's Sentimental Journey, and Harrison's All Things Must Pass. Some of their albums featured contributions by other former Beatles; Starr's Ringo (1973) was the only one to include compositions and performances by all four, albeit on separate songs. Other than an unreleased jam session in 1974 (later bootlegged as A Toot and a Snore in '74), Lennon and McCartney never recorded together again. In the wake of the expiration in 1975 of The Beatles' contract with EMI-Capitol, the American Capitol label, rushing to cash in on its vast Beatles holdings and freed from the group's creative control, released five LPs: Rock 'n' Roll Music (a compilation of their more uptempo numbers), The Beatles at the Hollywood Bowl (containing portions of two unreleased shows at the Hollywood Bowl), Love Songs (a compilation of their slower numbers), Rarities (a compilation of tracks that either had never been released in the U.S. or had gone out of print), and Reel Music (a compilation of songs from their films). There was also a non-Capitol-EMI release of a show from the group's early days at the Star Club in Hamburg captured on a poor-quality tape. Of all these post-breakup LPs, only the Hollywood Bowl LP had the approval of the group members. Upon the American release of the original British CDs in 1986, these post-breakup Capitol American compilation LPs were deleted from the Capitol catalogue. John Lennon was shot and killed by Mark David Chapman on 8 December 1980 in New York City. Shortly afterward, in 1981, the three surviving Beatles reunited to record "All Those Years Ago", released as a George Harrison solo single. Its original lyrics had been rewritten as a tribute to Lennon. The BBC has a large collection of Beatles recordings, mostly comprising original studio sessions from 1963 to 1968. Much of this material formed the basis for a 1988 radio documentary series The Beeb's Lost Beatles Tapes. In 1989, many outtakes from The Beatles sessions appeared on the radio series The Lost Lennon Tapes. Later, in 1994, the best of the BBC sessions were given an official EMI release on Live at the BBC. In 1988 The Beatles were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a group (not as individual performers) during their first year of eligibility.[83] On the night of their induction, Harrison and Starr appeared to accept their award along with Lennon's widow Yoko Ono and his two sons. McCartney stayed away, issuing a press release citing "unresolved difficulties" with Harrison, Starr, and Lennon's estate. Solo Beatles later inducted were Lennon in 1994, McCartney in 1999 and Harrison in 2004. Collage of the various covers of the Anthology seriesIn February 1994, the three surviving Beatles reunited to produce and record additional music for a few of Lennon's home recordings. "Free as a Bird" premiered as part of The Beatles Anthology series of television documentaries and was released as a single in December 1995, with "Real Love" following in March 1996. These songs were also included in the three Anthology collections of CDs released in 1995 and 1996, each of which consisted of two CDs of never-before-released Beatles material. Klaus Voormann, who had known The Beatles since their Hamburg days and had previously illustrated the Revolver album cover, directed the Anthology cover concept. 450,000 copies of Anthology 1 were sold on its first day of release. In 2000, a compilation album named 1 was released, containing almost every number-one single released by the band from 1962 to 1970. The collection sold 3.6 million copies in its first week (selling 3 copies a second) and more than 12 million in three weeks worldwide. The collection also reached number one in the United States and 33 other countries and had sold 25 million copies by 2005 (about the ninth best selling album of all time). George Harrison during this time showed his socio-political consciousness and earned respect for his contribution for arranging the Concert For Bangladesh in New York in August 1971 along with sitar maestro Ravi Shankar. Harrison died of lung cancer on 29 November 2001. More recently, in 2006, George Martin and his son Giles Martin remixed original Beatles recordings to create a soundtrack to accompany Cirque du Soleil's theatrical production Love. Musical evolution The Beatles' constant demands to create new sounds on every new recording, combined with George Martin's arranging abilities and the studio expertise of EMI staff engineers such as Norman Smith, Ken Townshend and Geoff Emerick, all played significant parts in the innovative sounds of the albums Rubber Soul (1965), Revolver (1966) and Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (1967). The Beatles continued to absorb influences long after their initial success, often finding new musical and lyrical avenues by listening to their contemporaries. Among those influences were Bob Dylan, who influenced songs such as "You've Got to Hide Your Love Away" and "Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)".[84] Other contemporary influences included the Byrds and the Beach Boys, whose album Pet Sounds was a favourite of McCartney's.[85] Along with studio tricks such as sound effects, unconventional microphone placements, tape loops, double tracking and vari-speed recording, The Beatles began to augment their recordings with instruments that were unconventional for rock music at the time. These included string and brass ensembles as well as Indian instruments such as the sitar as in Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown) and the swarmandel as in Strawberry Fields Forever. They also used early electronic instruments such as the Mellotron, with which McCartney supplied the flute voices on the intro to "Strawberry Fields Forever", and the ondioline, an electronic keyboard that created the unusual oboe-like sound on "Baby You're a Rich Man". Beginning with the use of a string quartet (arranged by George Martin with input from McCartney) on "Yesterday" in 1965, The Beatles pioneered a modern form of art song, exemplified by the double-quartet string arrangement on "Eleanor Rigby" (1966), "Here, There and Everywhere" (1966) and "She's Leaving Home" (1967). A televised performance of Bach's Brandenburg Concerto No. 2 directly inspired McCartney's use of a piccolo trumpet on the arrangement of "Penny Lane". The Beatles moved towards psychedelia with "Rain" and "Tomorrow Never Knows" from 1966, and "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds", "Strawberry Fields Forever" and "I Am the Walrus" from 1967. Influence on popular culture Lifestyle The Beatles' lifestyles were greatly altered by their success and the income they earned. The availability of the first oral contraceptive and illegal drugs changed many people's opinions — including The Beatles' — about life, marriage, and sexual relationships.[86] Recreational drug use In Hamburg, The Beatles used "prellies" (Preludin) both recreationally and to maintain their energy through all-night performances.[87] McCartney would usually take one, but Lennon would often take four or five.[87] Bob Dylan introduced them to cannabis during a 1964 visit to New York.[88] McCartney remembered them all getting "very high" and giggling.[89] The Beatles occasionally smoked a spliff in the car on the way to the studio during the filming of Help!, which often made them forget their lines.[90] In April 1965, Lennon and Harrison were introduced to LSD by an acquaintance, dentist John Riley.[91] Lennon in particular became an avid "tripper", claiming in a 1970 interview in Rolling Stone to have taken LSD hundreds of times. McCartney was more reluctant to try the drug, but finally did so in 1966 and was the first Beatle to talk about it in the press. The Beatles added their names to an advertisement in The Times, on 24 July 1967, which asked for the legalisation of cannabis, the release of all prisoners imprisoned because of possession, and research into marijuana's medical uses. The advertisement was sponsored by a group called Soma, and was signed by 65 people, including Brian Epstein, Graham Greene, R.D. Laing, 15 doctors, and two MPs.[92] On a sailing trip to Greece, in 1967, the whole band sat around on the boat and took acid.[93] Meditation On 24 August 1967, The Beatles met the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi at the London Hilton, and a few days later went to Bangor, in North Wales, to attend a weekend 'initiation' conference.[94] There, the Maharishi gave each of them a mantra.[95] Their time in early 1968 at the Maharishi's ashram in India was highly productive from a musical standpoint, as practically all of the songs that would later be recorded for The White Album and Abbey Road were composed there by Lennon, McCartney, and Harrison.[78] Discography Further information: List of Beatles songs by singer, The Beatles record sales, worldwide charts, The Beatles bootlegs, and List of Beatles hit singles Official CD catalogue In 1987, EMI released all 12 of The Beatles' studio albums — as originally released in the UK — on CD worldwide. (North American releases were on EMI's American subsidiary Capitol Records). It was a considered decision by Apple Corps to standardise The Beatles catalogue throughout the world. Because there were tracks that had been released in the UK on singles and EPs that had not been released on the original UK albums, in order for all their recordings to be available on CD it was necessary to create three further CDs that would contain the missing tracks. One CD was of a 1967 US compilation album that featured the 6-track 1967 UK EP Magical Mystery Tour and the various singles released in that year. The other two CDs were new compilations that gathered together all the other singles, EP tracks and recordings from 1962--1970 that had not been issued on the original British studio albums. Magical Mystery Tour - 8 August 1987[96] Past Masters, Volume One - 7 March 1988 Past Masters, Volume Two - 7 March 1988 According to EMI and the Guinness Book of Records, The Beatles have sold in excess of one billion units (1,010,000,000, including cassettes, records, CDs and bootlegs). Beginning in 2004, the US album configurations were released as a series of box sets from Capitol Records (The Capitol Albums, Volume 1 & Volume 2); these included both stereo and mono versions based on the mixes that were prepared for vinyl at the time of their original 1960s releases. Song catalogue In 1963 Lennon and McCartney agreed to assign their song publishing rights to Northern Songs, a company created by music publisher Dick James. The company was administered by James' own company Dick James Music. Northern Songs went public in 1965, with Lennon and McCartney each holding 15% of the company's shares whilst Dick James and the company's chairman, Charles Silver, held a controlling 37.5%. In 1969, following a failed attempt by Lennon and McCartney to buy the company, James and Silver sold Northern Songs to British TV company Associated TeleVision (ATV), from which Lennon and McCartney received stock. In 1985, after a short period in which the parent company was owned by Australian business magnate Robert Holmes à Court, ATV Music was sold to Michael Jackson for a reported $47 million (trumping a joint bid by McCartney and Yoko Ono), including the publishing rights to over 200 songs composed by Lennon and McCartney. A decade later Jackson and Sony merged its music publishing businesses. Since 1995, Jackson and Sony/ATV Music Publishing have jointly owned most of the Lennon-McCartney songs recorded by The Beatles. Sony later reported that Jackson had used his share of their co-owned Beatles' catalogue as collateral for a loan from the music company. Meanwhile, Lennon's estate and McCartney still receive their respective songwriter shares of the royalties. (Despite his ownership of most of the Lennon-McCartney publishing, Jackson has only recorded one Lennon-McCartney composition himself, "Come Together" which was featured in his film Moonwalker.) Although the Jackson-Sony catalogue includes most of The Beatles' greatest hits, four of their earliest songs had been published by one of EMI's publishing companies prior to Lennon and McCartney signing with Dick James — and McCartney later succeeded in personally acquiring the publishing rights to "Love Me Do", "Please Please Me", "P.S. I Love You" and "Ask Me Why" from EMI. Harrison and Starr did not renew their songwriting contracts with Northern Songs in 1968, signing with Apple Publishing instead. Harrison later created Harrisongs, his own company which still owns the rights to his post-1967 songs such as "While My Guitar Gently Weeps" and "Something". Starr also created his own company, called Startling Music. It holds the rights to his two post-1967 songs recorded by The Beatles, "Don't Pass Me By" and "Octopus's Garden". The future of The Beatles catalogue The Beatles are but a few of the major artists (aside from Led Zeppelin and Garth Brooks) who have not to date allowed their entire recorded catalogue to be available through major online music services (iTunes, Napster, etc.). This may be due to the massive royalty fees demanded by the group. As a result, The Beatles' music (both officially and unofficially released) has been made available through illegal music search engines such as eMule and BearShare, and have apparently raised the ire of the entire music industry. However, sure signs that official online distributions may be coming is the fact that the video for Tomorrow Never Knows/Within You Without You (the remix from their album Love) is currently being distributed (as of June, 2007) via Napster, and many Internet radio networks (such as Pandora Internet Radio and Live365.com) are allowing Beatles songs to be broadcasted over the world wide web. There has been talk of negotiations to make such an official online distribution schedule possible. Officials at Apple Corps have hinted at this, as they have confirmed that the entire Beatles catalog has been digitally remastered for online distribution. On film Main article: The Beatles on film The Beatles appeared in several films, all of which featured associated soundtrack albums. The band played themselves in two films directed by Richard Lester, A Hard Day's Night (1964) and Help! (1965). The group produced and starred in the hour-long television movie Magical Mystery Tour (1967), while the documentary Let It Be (released 1970) followed the recording sessions for the Get Back project in early 1969. In addition, the psychedelic animated film Yellow Submarine (1968) followed the adventures of a cartoon version of the band; the members did not provide their own voices, appearing only in a brief live-action epilogue. Other projects Anthology Main article: The Beatles Anthology Love Main article: Love (Cirque du Soleil) Instrumentation Rickenbacker, Gretsch, Epiphone, Gibson, Fender, and C.F. Martin & Company guitars Höfner, Fender and Rickenbacker basses Vox, Fender, and Selmer amplifiers Premier and Ludwig drums Zildjian cymbals Steinway, and Blüthner pianos Hammond, Vox and Lowrey electric organs Fender Rhodes, Wurlitzer, and Hohner Pianet electric pianos Moog Modular synthesiser Mellotron Polyphonic Keyboard Neumann, AKG, and STC microphones Bill Stoll Stollco video tampa fl