WEI MAN
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(Redirected from Wiman)
'Wei Man' (Chinese: ), known as 'Wiman' in Korean, was a man from the State of Yan of China who established a kingdom in north-western Korea in the 2nd century BC. He was the first figure in the history of Korea to have been recorded in documents from the same time period. The ''Records of the Grand Historian'' simply calls him Man, so the surname Wei was probably added later.
Man served Prince Lu Wan (盧綰) of the Yan Principality. Although Lu Wan was an old ally of the Han Emperor Gao, he was eventually suspected of rebellion and attacked. Lu Wan sought refuge with the Xiongnu in 195 B.C, while Man fled to the east.
According to the ''Records of the Grand Historian'', Man led 1,000 men, dressed in Korean costume and crossed the border river of ''Paesu'' (浿水; probably ChÅngchÅn River). Based on the upper and lower fortresses of the former Qin Dynasty, he organized the natives named the Jinbeon and the Joseon and Chinese refugees from Yan and Qi, and came to the crown. Man's capital was Wangxian (generally identified as P'yÅngyang).[1] Since the Han Empire was not completely stabilized yet, the Governor of Liaodong appointed Man as an outer subject, provided that he did not prevent natives going up to the empire. The appointment is dated at 191 or 192 BCE.[2] With the support of the Han Empire, he expanded his territory by conquering many small towns. His kingdom was eventually conquered by Emperor Wu in 108 B.C during the reign of his grandson Ugeo.
The ''Weilüe'', which was written about 400 years later, offers more detailed but less reliable information. It says that Man took power in a coup from King Jun, a descendant of the Chinese sage Jizi. Zhun fled to the south and proclaimed himself as King of Han. The historical accuracy of this story is more or less questioned by historians. Some scholars believe that this story came from the Han clan, who claimed themselves as descendants of Jizi, and have spread to China because of Chinese direct rule of northern Korea. It is, however, generally agreed that there were certain kinds of polities in northwestern Korea before Man's kingdom, probably by the Chinese immigrants and aboriginal people.
1. Concerning controversy over the location of Lelang Commandery, there is a minority view that Man's domain was located in Liaoning instead of north-western Korea. However, it is generally accepted that ''Majasu'' (馬訾水) refers to the Yalu River and ''Paesu'' (浿水) refers to the ChÅngchÅn River, And that Man's territory was bordered on the north by the Han Empire. P'yÅngyang is the most likely site for the capital Wangxian but lacks archaeological evidence. For more information, see (Tani:1987).
2. (Ibaragi:1984)
★ Mikami Tsugio 三上次男: ''Kodai no seihoku ChÅsen to Ei-shi ChÅsen koku no seiji, shakaiteki seikaku'' å¤ä»£ã®è¥¿åŒ—æœé®®ã¨è¡›æ°æœé®®å›½ã®æ”¿æ²»ãƒ»ç¤¾ä¼šçš„æ€§æ ¼, Kodai TÅhoku Ajiashi KenkyÅ« å¤ä»£æ±åŒ—アジアå²ç ”究, pp. 3-22, 1966.
★ Ibaragi Kazuo èŠæœ¨è¨ˆç”·: ''Ei Man ChÅsen Å SakuhÅ ni tsuite'' 衛満æœé®®å†Šå°ã«ã¤ã„ã¦, ChÅsen GakuhÅ æœé®®å¦å ± (Journal of the Academic Association of Koreanology in Japan) Vol. 113, pp.1-25, 1984.
★ Tani Toyonobu 谷豊信: ''RakurÅ-gun no ichi'' 楽浪郡ã®ä½ç½®, ChÅsen shi kenkyÅ«kai ronbunshÅ« æœé®®å²ç ”究会論文集 (Bulletin of Society for Study in Korean History), No 24, pp. 23-45, 1987.
★ Zhao Tuo
★ List of Korea-related topics
'Wei Man' (Chinese: ), known as 'Wiman' in Korean, was a man from the State of Yan of China who established a kingdom in north-western Korea in the 2nd century BC. He was the first figure in the history of Korea to have been recorded in documents from the same time period. The ''Records of the Grand Historian'' simply calls him Man, so the surname Wei was probably added later.
| Contents |
| Biography |
| Notes |
| References |
| See also |
Biography
Man served Prince Lu Wan (盧綰) of the Yan Principality. Although Lu Wan was an old ally of the Han Emperor Gao, he was eventually suspected of rebellion and attacked. Lu Wan sought refuge with the Xiongnu in 195 B.C, while Man fled to the east.
According to the ''Records of the Grand Historian'', Man led 1,000 men, dressed in Korean costume and crossed the border river of ''Paesu'' (浿水; probably ChÅngchÅn River). Based on the upper and lower fortresses of the former Qin Dynasty, he organized the natives named the Jinbeon and the Joseon and Chinese refugees from Yan and Qi, and came to the crown. Man's capital was Wangxian (generally identified as P'yÅngyang).[1] Since the Han Empire was not completely stabilized yet, the Governor of Liaodong appointed Man as an outer subject, provided that he did not prevent natives going up to the empire. The appointment is dated at 191 or 192 BCE.[2] With the support of the Han Empire, he expanded his territory by conquering many small towns. His kingdom was eventually conquered by Emperor Wu in 108 B.C during the reign of his grandson Ugeo.
The ''Weilüe'', which was written about 400 years later, offers more detailed but less reliable information. It says that Man took power in a coup from King Jun, a descendant of the Chinese sage Jizi. Zhun fled to the south and proclaimed himself as King of Han. The historical accuracy of this story is more or less questioned by historians. Some scholars believe that this story came from the Han clan, who claimed themselves as descendants of Jizi, and have spread to China because of Chinese direct rule of northern Korea. It is, however, generally agreed that there were certain kinds of polities in northwestern Korea before Man's kingdom, probably by the Chinese immigrants and aboriginal people.
Notes
1. Concerning controversy over the location of Lelang Commandery, there is a minority view that Man's domain was located in Liaoning instead of north-western Korea. However, it is generally accepted that ''Majasu'' (馬訾水) refers to the Yalu River and ''Paesu'' (浿水) refers to the ChÅngchÅn River, And that Man's territory was bordered on the north by the Han Empire. P'yÅngyang is the most likely site for the capital Wangxian but lacks archaeological evidence. For more information, see (Tani:1987).
2. (Ibaragi:1984)
References
★ Mikami Tsugio 三上次男: ''Kodai no seihoku ChÅsen to Ei-shi ChÅsen koku no seiji, shakaiteki seikaku'' å¤ä»£ã®è¥¿åŒ—æœé®®ã¨è¡›æ°æœé®®å›½ã®æ”¿æ²»ãƒ»ç¤¾ä¼šçš„æ€§æ ¼, Kodai TÅhoku Ajiashi KenkyÅ« å¤ä»£æ±åŒ—アジアå²ç ”究, pp. 3-22, 1966.
★ Ibaragi Kazuo èŠæœ¨è¨ˆç”·: ''Ei Man ChÅsen Å SakuhÅ ni tsuite'' 衛満æœé®®å†Šå°ã«ã¤ã„ã¦, ChÅsen GakuhÅ æœé®®å¦å ± (Journal of the Academic Association of Koreanology in Japan) Vol. 113, pp.1-25, 1984.
★ Tani Toyonobu 谷豊信: ''RakurÅ-gun no ichi'' 楽浪郡ã®ä½ç½®, ChÅsen shi kenkyÅ«kai ronbunshÅ« æœé®®å²ç ”究会論文集 (Bulletin of Society for Study in Korean History), No 24, pp. 23-45, 1987.
See also
★ Zhao Tuo
★ List of Korea-related topics
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