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The 'White Horde' (, , Turkish:''Ak Ordu/Orda'') was one of the khanates (within the Mongol Empire) formed around 1226, after the death of Genghis Khan and subsequent division of his empire. It was the western constituent part of the Golden Horde (the eastern part was the Blue Horde).^[1][2]
Initially it covered the western part of the territory ruled by Jochi and included western Central Asia and south-western Siberia. Its first khan was Orda-Ichen, son of Jochi.^[3] The capital of the White Horde was originally at Lake Balkhash, but later moved to Sygnaq, Kazakhstan on the Syr-Darya River.^[4]
In 1364, during the Blue Horde's period of anarchy, (1357-1380), Urus Khan, eighth khan of the White Horde, became the khan of both the Blue Horde and the White Horde. He remained in control of the Blue Horde until 1375. Urus died in 1377, and when his nephew Toqtamish wrested control of the White Horde from Urus's son Temür Malik in 1378 ^[5], he regained control of the Blue Horde as well. Toqtamish consolidated the two hordes, becoming the Khan of the Golden Horde.

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Notes and references

Additional reading

See also

Notes and references

1. Edward L. Keenan, ''Encyclopedia Americana''
2. B.D. Grekov and A.Y. Yakubovski "''The Golden Horde and its Downfall''"
3. Far East Kingdoms
4. Kazakh Khanate
5. The struggle against the Khan Toqtamish

Additional reading

★ Boris Grekov and Alexander Yakubovski, "''The Golden Horde and its Downfall''".

★ George Vernadsky, "''The Mongols and Russia''".

See also

★ Blue Horde

★ Golden Horde

★ Orda Khan

★ Mongol invasion of Europe