WELLS

'Wells' is a small cathedral city and civil parish in the Mendip district of Somerset, England, nestling in the Mendip Hills.
The name Wells derives from the three wells dedicated to Saint Andrew, one in the market place and two within the grounds of the Bishop's Palace and cathedral.^[1] During the Middle Ages these Wells were thought to have curative powers^[2]

Contents

History

English Civil War

PoW Camp

Railways

Today

Cathedral

Tourism and Architecture

In literature

In film and Television

Politics

References

See also

Gallery

External links

History

The City was a Roman settlement but only became an important centre under the Saxons when King Ine of Wessex founded a minster church in 704. Two hundred years later, this became the seat of the local Bishop; but by 1091, this had been removed to Bath. This caused severe arguments between the canons of Wells and the monks of Bath until the bishopric was renamed as the 'Diocese of Bath & Wells', to be elected by both religious houses. Wells became a borough some time before 1160 when Bishop Robert granted its first charter. Fairs were granted to the City before 1160.
Wells was listed in the Domesday Book of 1086 as ''Welle'', from the Old English ''wiells''.^[3]

English Civil War

During the English Civil War, Parliamentarian troops used the Cathedral to stable their horses and damaged much of the ornate sculpture by using it for firing practice. William Penn is said to have passed through Wells shortly before leaving for America, spending a night at The Crown Inn.

PoW Camp

During World War II, Stoberry Park in Wells was the location of a Prisoner of War camp, housing Italian prisoners from the Western Desert Campaign, and later German prisoners post the Battle of Normandy

Railways

Wells has had three railway stations. The first station, Priory Road, opened in 1859 and was on the Somerset Central Railway (later the Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway) as the terminus of a short branch from Glastonbury. A second railway, the East Somerset, opened a branch line from Witham in 1862 and built a station to the east of Priory Road. In 1870, a third railway, the Cheddar Valley line branch of the Bristol and Exeter Railway from Yatton, reached Wells and built yet another station, later called Tucker Street. Matters were somewhat simplified when the Great Western Railway acquired both the Cheddar Valley and the East Somerset lines and built a link between the two that ran through the S&DJR's Priory Road station. In 1878, when through trains began running between Yatton and Witham, the East Somerset station closed, but through trains did not stop at Priory Road until 1934.
Priory Road closed to passenger traffic in 1951 when the S&DJR branch line from Glastonbury was shut, though it remained the city's main goods depot. Tucker Street closed in 1963 under the Beeching Axe, which closed the Yatton to Witham line to passengers. Goods traffic to Wells ceased in 1964.

Today

Following construction of the A39/A371 bypass, Wells has returned to being a pleasant market city situated at the foot of the Mendip Hills. It has all the modern conveniences plus charm, interesting shops, hotels and restaurants. The local football side is Wells City F.C., past winners of the Western League. The film ''Hot Fuzz'' was mainly filmed in Wells, as director Edgar Wright is a native.

Cathedral

Main articles: Wells Cathedral


Wells Cathedral is the cathedral of the Church of England Diocese of Bath and Wells. Parts date back to the 10th century. It is known for its fine fan vaulted ceilings, Lady Chapel and windows, and the scissor arches which support the central tower. Together with the Bishop's Palace (still used by the Bishop of Bath and Wells) Wells has been an ecclesiastical City of importance for hundreds of years. The cathedral is a grade I listed building.^[4]
The cathedral is notable for:

★ the 'West front' - said to be the finest collection of statuary in Europe, containing 356 individual figures carved from the cathedral's warm, yellow Doulting stone.

★ the 'east end of the nave' - an unusual scissored arch design of striking beauty, which saved the cathedral's central tower from collapse. In 1338, the original construction was found to be weakening underneath the tower (the West side had sunk 100 mm (4 inches). About 1340, the Master Mason, William Joy, implemented his ingenious solution of the inverted arch to redistribute the weight on the foundations by 10% from West to East.

★ the 'Chapter House' - at the top of a flight of stone stairs, leading out from the north transept. It is an octagonal building with a fan-vaulted ceiling.^[5] It is here that the business of running the cathedral is still conducted by the members of the Chapter, the cathedral's ruling body.

★ the 'Medieval Clock' - facing the Canon's houses to the north, is a still-working medieval clock, originally to mark out the many services conducted during the day at the cathedral

★ the heaviest ring of 10 bells in the world. The tenor bell weighs just over 56 CWT (2,858 kg) and is the 5th heaviest ringable bell in the world.

Tourism and Architecture

Wells is a popular tourist destination, due to its historical sites, its proximity to Bath and Stonehenge and its closeness to the Somerset coast. Also nearby are Wookey Hole Caves and the Somerset Levels. Wells is part of the West Country Carnival circuit. Somerset cheese is made locally.
A walled precinct encloses the twelfth century Wells Cathedral, the Bishop's Palace, Vicar's Close and the residences of the clergy who serve the cathedral:


★ the 'Bishops Palace' - the medieval Palace has been the home of the Bishops of the Diocese of Bath and Wells for 800 years. The hall and chapel are particularly noteworthy, dating from the 14th century.^[6] There are 14 acres of gardens including the springs from which the city takes its name. Visitors can also see the Bishop's private Chapel, ruined Great Hall and the Gatehouse with portcullis and drawbridge beside which the famous mute swans ring a bell for food


★ 'Vicars' Close' - the oldest existing street in the world, which still has the original cobblestoned surface. The Close is tapered by to make it look longer when viewed from the bottom. When viewed from the top, however, it looks shorter.^[7][8]

★ the 'Church of St. Cuthbert' - often mistaken for the cathedral, the church has a fine Somerset stone tower and a superb carved roof. Originally an Early English building (13th century), it was much altered in the Perpendicular period (15th century). The Nave's coloured ceiling was repainted in 1963 at the instigation of the then Vicar's wife, Mrs Barnett.^[9][10]

In literature

Elizabeth Goudge used Wells as a basis for the fictional Cathedral city of Torminster, in her book ''City of Bells''

In film and Television

Wells has been used as the setting for several films:

★ ''The Canterbury Tales'' (1973)

★ ''A Fistful of Fingers'' (1994)

★ ''The Libertine'' (2005)

★ ''The Golden Age'' (2007)

★ ''Hot Fuzz'' (2007)

Politics

Wells is part of the UK Parliament constituency of Wells. The current Member of Parliament is David Heathcoat-Amory of the Conservative Party. The area is part of the South West England European Parliament constituency.

References

1. The Well House
2. Wells Council Tourism
3. Somerset Place Names, , Stephen, Robinson, The Dovecote Press Ltd, 1992,
4. Cathedral Church of St Andrew, Chapter House and Cloisters
5. Chapter House to Cathedral Church of St Andrew
6. The Bishop's Palace and Bishop's House
7. No.1 St Andrew Street (Formerly Listed as: VICAR'S CLOSE (East side)
8. Nos.14-27 Vicars' Close
9. Church of St Cuthbert
10. Nos.14-27 Vicars Close


★ Somerset Railway Stations, by Mike Oakley, (Dovecote Press, 2002)

See also

★ West Country Carnival

★

Gallery

External links

★ Wells City Council

★ Bishops Palace

★ Wells Millennium Tapestry

★ A History of the Choristers of Wells Cathedral

★ The Somerset Urban Archaeological Survey: Wells , by Clare Gathercole

★ Somerset Online