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EspañolWAYNE SHORTER
'Wayne Shorter' (born August 25 1933) is an American jazz composer and saxophonist.
Commonly regarded as one of the more important American jazz sax players and composers since the 1960s, Shorter has recorded dozens of albums as a leader, and appeared on dozens more with others. Many of his compositions have become standards.
Early life and career
Shorter was born in Newark, New Jersey, and attended Newark Arts High School. He was encouraged by his father to take up the saxophone as a teenager (his brother Alan became a trumpeter). After graduating from New York University in 1956 Shorter spent two years in the U.S. Army, during which time he played briefly with Horace Silver. After his discharge from the army he played with Maynard Ferguson.It was in his youth that Shorter was given the nickname '' Mr.Gone'' later an album title for Weather Report[1]
In 1959 Shorter joined Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers. He stayed with Blakey for five years, and eventually became musical director for the group.
With Miles Davis
In 1964, Miles Davis persuaded Shorter to leave Blakey and join the Miles Davis Quintet alongside Herbie Hancock, Ron Carter and Tony Williams. Davis had been searching for a saxophonist to replace John Coltrane for some time, and the new quintet is considered by many to have been Davis's strongest working group. Shorter composed extensively for Davis ("Prince of Darkness", "ESP", "Footprints", "Sanctuary", and many others; on some albums he provided half of the compositions).
Herbie Hancock had this to say of Shorter's tenure in the group: "The master writer to me, in that group, was Wayne Shorter. He still is a master. Wayne was one of the few people who brought music to Miles that didn't get changed." Davis said: "Wayne is a real composer. He writes scores, write the parts for everybody just as he wants them to sound. He also brought in a kind of curiosity about working with musical rules. If they didn't work, then he broke them, but with musical sense; he understood that freedom in music was the ability to know the rules in order to bend them to your own satisfaction and taste."
Simultaneous with his time in the Miles Davis quintet, Shorter recorded several albums for Blue Note Records, featuring almost exclusively his own compositions. ''JuJu'' and ''Speak No Evil'' are two of the most well known recordings from this era. They are notable for their use of:
★ pentatonic melodies harmonised with pedal points and complex harmonic relationships;
★ structured solos that reflect the composition's melody as much as its harmony;
★ long rests as an integral part of the music, in contrast with other, more effusive, players of the time (e.g. John Coltrane).
He also recorded occasionally as a sideman (again, mainly for Blue Note) with Donald Byrd, McCoy Tyner, Grachan Moncur III, Freddie Hubbard, Lee Morgan, and bandmates Hancock and Williams. Until 1968 he played tenor saxophone exclusively. The final album on which he played tenor in the regular sequence of Davis albums was ''Filles de Kilimanjaro''. In 1969 he played the soprano saxophone on the Davis album ''In a Silent Way'' and on his own ''Super Nova'' (recorded with then-current Davis sidemen Chick Corea and John McLaughlin). In live Davis recordings from summer 1969 to early spring 1970 he played both saxophones. By the early 1970s, however, he chiefly played soprano saxophone.
Shorter remained in Davis's band after the breakup of the quintet in 1968, playing on early jazz fusion recordings including ''In a Silent Way'' and ''Bitches Brew'' (both 1969). His last live dates and studio recordings with Davis were in 1970.
Weather Report period, 1970 to 1986
In 1970, along with keyboardist Joe Zawinul (also a veteran of the Miles Davis group), Shorter helped form Weather Report. Other original members were bassist Miroslav Vitous, percussionist Airto Moreira, and drummer Alphonse Mouzon. After Vitous' departure in 1973 Shorter and Zawinul co-led the group until the band's break up in late 1985. A great variety of excellent musicians that would make up Weather Report alumni over the years (most notably the revolutionary bassist Jaco Pastorius) would demonstrate that the band could still produce great music despite changes in personnel.
Additional work in this period
Shorter also recorded critically acclaimed albums as leader, notably ''Native Dancer'', which featured Brazilian composer and vocalist Milton Nascimento, and ''Atlantis''. He also contributed to several albums by Joni Mitchell. On the title track of Steely Dan's 1978 album ''Aja'', he played a solo the critic who wrote the album's liner notes called "suitable for framing".
Concurrently, in the late 1970s and the early 1980s he toured in the ''V.S.O.P.'' quintet. This group was a revival of the 1960s Miles Davis quintet, except that Freddie Hubbard filled the trumpet chair instead of Miles.
''For further discussion of V.S.O.P. please see Herbie Hancock.''
Performing on soprano and tenor saxophone, Shorter was also cast as a 1950s jazz musician in Bertrand Tavernier's 1986 film ''Round Midnight''.
Recent career
After leaving Weather Report, Shorter continued to record and lead groups in jazz fusion styles. He has also maintained an occasional working relationship with Herbie Hancock, including a tribute album recorded shortly after Davis's death with Hancock, Carter, Williams and Wallace Roney. He continued to appear on Joni Mitchell's records in the 1990s.
In 1995 Shorter released the album ''High Life'', his first solo recording for seven years. It was also Shorter's debut as a leader for Verve Records. Shorter composed all the compositions on the album and co-produced it with the bassist Marcus Miller. ''High Life'' received the Grammy Award for best Contemporary Jazz Album in 1997.
Shorter's wife Ana Maria and their niece Dalila were both killed on TWA Flight 800 in 1996, and he married Carolina Dos Santos, a close friend of Ana Maria, in 1999.
Shorter would work with Hancock once again in 1997, on the much acclaimed and heralded album ''1+1''. The song ''Aung San Suu Kyi''(named for the Burmese pro-democracy activist) won both Hancock and Shorter a Grammy award.
Shorter formed his current band in 2000, the first permanent acoustic group under his leadership. The quartet is composed of Shorter, pianist Danilo Perez, bassist John Patitucci, and drummer Brian Blade. Two albums of live recordings featuring this quartet have been released (''Footprints Live'' (2002) and ''Beyond the Sound Barrier'' (2005)). The quartet has received great acclaim from fans and critics, and the musicians have come to consider themselves family on and off stage. Shorter's 2003 album ''Alegria'' received the 2004 Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Jazz Album; it features the quartet with a host of other musicians, including pianist Brad Mehldau, drummer Terri Lyne Carrington and former Weather Report percussionist Alex Acuña. ''Beyond the Sound Barrier'' received the 2006 Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Jazz Album.
Shorter is a Nichiren Buddhist and a member of Soka Gakkai.
Discography
''See also ''
As leader
★ 1959 ''Introducing Wayne Shorter''
★ 1960 ''Second Genesis''
★ 1962 ''Wayning Moments''
★ 1964 ''Night Dreamer''
★ 1964 ''JuJu''
★ 1965 ''Speak No Evil''
★ 1965 ''The Soothsayer''
★ 1965 ''Et Cetera''
★ 1965 ''The All Seeing Eye''
★ 1966 ''Adam's Apple''
★ 1967 ''Schizophrenia''
★ 1969 ''Super Nova''
★ 1970 ''Moto Grosso Feio''
★ 1970 ''Odyssey of Iska''
★ 1974 ''Native Dancer''
★ 1985 ''Atlantis''
★ 1986 ''Phantom Navigator''
★ 1988 ''Joy Ryder''
★ 1995 ''High Life''
★ 2002 ''Footprints Live''
★ 2003 ''Alegría (Wayne Shorter album)''
★ 2005 ''Beyond the Sound Barrier''
With Art Blakey & the Jazz Messengers
★ 1959 ''Africaine''
★ 1960 ''A Night in Tunisia''
★ 1960 ''Like Someone in Love''
★ 1960 ''Meet You at the Jazz Corner of the World''
★ 1960 ''Roots & Herbs''
★ 1960 ''The Big Beat''
★ 1961 ''A Day With Art Blakey''
★ 1961 ''Impulse!!! Art Blakey!!! Jazz Messengers!!!''
★ 1961 ''Buhaina's Delight''
★ 1961 ''Mosaic''
★ 1961 ''The Freedom Rider''
★ 1961 ''The Witch Doctor''
★ 1961 ''Tokyo 1961''
★ 1962 ''Caravan''
★ 1962 ''Three Blind Mice, Volume 1''
★ 1962 ''Three Blind Mice, Volume 2''
★ 1963 ''Ugetsu''
★ 1964 ''Free for All''
★ 1964 ''Indestructible''
With other Blue Note artists
★ 1961 ''Free Form'' (Donald Byrd)
★ 1962 ''Here to Stay'' (Freddie Hubbard)
★ 1962 ''Ready for Freddie'' (Freddie Hubbard)
★ 1963''The Body and the Soul'' (Freddie Hubbard)
★ 1964 ''Search for the New Land'' (Lee Morgan)
★ 1964 ''Some Other Stuff'' (Grachan Moncur III)
★ 1965 ''The Gigolo'' (Lee Morgan)
★ 1965 ''Spring'' (Tony Williams)
★ 1966 ''Delightfulee'' (Lee Morgan)
★ 1967 ''Standards'' (Lee Morgan)
★ 1967 ''Sweet Slumber'' (Lou Donaldson)
★ 1967 ''The Procrastinator'' (Lee Morgan)
★ 1968 ''Expansions'' (McCoy Tyner)
★ 1970 ''Extensions'' (McCoy Tyner)
With Miles Davis
★ 1964 ''Miles In Berlin''
★ 1965 ''E.S.P. (Miles Davis album)''
★ 1965 ''Live at the Plugged Nickel''
★ 1966 ''Miles Smiles''
★ 1967 ''Sorcerer (Miles Davis album)''
★ 1967 ''Nefertiti (album)''
★ 1968 ''Miles in the Sky (allbum)''
★ 1968 ''Filles de Kilimanjaro''
★ 1969 ''In A Silent Way''
★ 1969 ''1969Miles: Festiva de Juan Pins'' [Sony Japan release only]
★ 1969 ''Bitches Brew''
★ 1970 ''
★ 1974 ''Big Fun (album)'' (1969-1972 recordings)
★ 1976 ''Water Babies'' (1967-1968 recordings)
★ 1979 ''Circle in the Round'' (1955-1970 recordings)
★ 1980 ''Directions'' (1960-1970 recordings)
With Weather Report
★ 1971 ''Weather Report''
★ 1972 ''I Sing the Body Electric''
★ 1972 ''Live in Tokyo''
★ 1973 ''Sweetnighter''
★ 1974 ''Mysterious Traveller''
★ 1975 ''Black Market''
★ 1975 ''Tale Spinnin'''
★ 1977 ''Heavy Weather''
★ 1978 ''Mr. Gone''
★ 1979 ''
★ 1980 ''Night Passage''
★ 1982 ''Weather Report''
★ 1983 ''Procession''
★ 1983 ''Domino Theory''
★ 1984 ''Sportin' Life''
★ 1985 ''This is This!''
With others
★ 1976 ''Jaco Pastorius'' (Jaco Pastorius)
★ 1977 ''Don Juan's Reckless Daughter'' (Joni Mitchell)
★ 1977 ''Aja'' (Steely Dan)
★ 1978 ''Mingus'' (Joni Mitchell)
★ 1980 ''The Swing of Delight'' (Carlos Santana)
★ 1981 ''Word of Mouth'' (Jaco Pastorius)
★ 1982 ''Wild Things Run Fast'' (Joni Mitchell)
★ 1984 ''Sound-System'' (Herbie Hancock)
★ 1985 ''Dog Eat Dog'' (Joni Mitchell)
★ 1986 ''The Power of Three'' (Michel Petrucciani)
★ 1988 ''Chalk Mark in a Rain Storm'' (Joni Mitchell, recorded 1981)
★ 1989 ''The End of the Innocence'' (Don Henley)
★ 1990 ''Night Ride Home'' (Joni Mitchell)
★ 1994 ''Turbulent Indigo'' (Joni Mitchell)
★ 1994 ''A Tribute to Miles'' (Herbie Hancock, Ron Carter, Tony Williams and Wallace Roney)
★ 1997 ''1+1'' (Herbie Hancock)
★ 1998 ''Taming the Tiger'' (Joni Mitchell)
★ 2000 ''Both Sides Now'' (Joni Mitchell)
★ 2002 ''Travelogue'' (Joni Mitchell)
★ 2007 ''Carlos Santana and Wayne Shorter - Live At the Montreux Jazz Festival 1988'' (Carlos Santana)
Awards
★ Down Beat Poll Winner 'New Star Saxophonist' (1962)
★ Grammy Award Best Jazz Fusion Performance, Vocal Or Instrumental for Weather Report's '''8:30''' (1979)
★ Grammy Award Best Instrumental Composition for Dexter Gordon's '''Call Sheet Blues''' (1987)
★ Grammy Award Best Jazz Instrumental Performance, Individual Or Group for '''A Tribute To Miles''' (1994)
★ Grammy Award Best Contemporary Jazz Performance for '''High Life''' (1996)
★ Grammy Award Best Instrumental Composition for '''Aung San Suu Kyi''' (1997)
★ NEA Jazz Masters (1998)
★ Honarary Doctorate of Music (1999; Berklee College of Music)
★ Grammy Award Best Jazz Instrumental Solo for '''In Walked Wayne''' (1999)
★ Grammy Award Best Instrumental Composition for '''Sacajawea''' (2003)
★ Grammy Award Best Jazz Instrumental Album, Individual or Group for '''Alegría''' (2003)
★ Grammy Award Best Jazz Instrumental Album, Individual or Group for '''Beyond The Sound Barrier''' (2005)
★ Jazz Journalists Association 'Jazz Award' ''Small Ensemble Group of the Year'' to '''Wayne Shorter Quartet''' (2006)
References
1. http://www.bigtakeover.com/reviews/weather-report-forecast-tomorrow-columbia-legacy
Books
★ Michelle Mercer, ''Footprints: The Life and Work of Wayne Shorter'' (Tarcher/Penguin, 2005)
External links
★ Essay on Wayne Shorter
★ The Complete Wayne Shorter
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