'Ultimate Fighting Championship' (UFC) is a
U.S.-based
mixed martial arts (MMA) organization, currently recognized as the major MMA promotion in
North America. The UFC is headquartered in
Las Vegas, Nevada and is owned and operated by
Zuffa, LLC.
The UFC was started as a tournament to find the world's best fighters irrespective of their style, and was based upon Brazilian
vale tudo fighting. Although there was a limited number of rules, the UFC was initially known as ''no holds barred'' fighting and contests were often violent and brutal. Early UFC fights were less sport than spectacle, which led to accusations of brutality and "human cockfighting" by opponents. Political pressures eventually led the UFC into the underground, as pay-per-view providers nixed UFC programming, nearly extinguishing the UFC's public visibility.
As political pressure mounted, the UFC reformed itself, slowly embracing stricter rules, becoming sanctioned by athletic commissions, and marketing itself as a legitimate sporting event. Dropping the ''no holds barred'' label and carrying the banner of ''mixed martial arts,'' the UFC has emerged from its political isolation to become more socially acceptable, regaining its position in pay-per-view television. With a cable television deal and legalization of MMA in California, a hotbed for MMA fandom, the UFC is currently undergoing a remarkable surge in popularity, along with heightened media coverage. UFC programming can now be seen on
Spike TV in the
United States, as well as in 35 other countries worldwide without a satellite dish and all countries worldwide with a satellite dish.
History
Origins
The concept for a
tournament to discover the world's best fighting style was the brainchild of
Art Davie, a Southern California based advertising executive.
[1] Davie met
Rorion Gracie in 1991 while researching martial arts for a marketing client. Gracie operated a
Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu school in
Torrance, California and the
Gracie family had a long history of
vale-tudo matches – a precursor of mixed martial arts – in Brazil. Davie became Gracie's student.
In 1992, inspired by the ''Gracies in Action'' video series produced by the Gracies featuring various martial arts masters being defeated using Gracie Jiu-Jitsu, Davie proposed an eight-man, single-elimination tournament with a working title of ''War of the Worlds'' to Rorion Gracie and
John Milius. The tournament would feature martial artists from different disciplines facing each other in no holds barred combat to see which martial art was truly the best which replicated the excitement of the matches Davie saw on those videos.
[2] Milius, a noted film director and screenwriter, as well as a Gracie student, agreed to be the event's creative director. Davie drafted the business plan and twenty-eight investors contributed the initial capital to start
WOW Promotions with the intent to develop the tournament into a television franchise.
[3]
In
1993, WOW Promotions sought a television partner and approached pay-per-view producers TVKO (
HBO), SET (
Showtime) and Semaphore Entertainment Group (SEG). Both TVKO and SET declined, but SEG – a pioneer in
pay-per-view television which had produced such off-beat events as a mixed-gender tennis match between
Jimmy Connors and
Martina Navratilova – became WOW's partner in May 1993.
2 SEG devised the name for the show as ''
The Ultimate Fighting Championship''.
[4] The two companies produced the first event at
McNichols Sports Arena in
Denver, Colorado on
November 12,
1993. Davie functioned as the show's booker and matchmaker.
[5] The television broadcast featured two
kickboxers, Patrick Smith and Kevin Rosier; a
savate fighter,
Gerard Gordeau; a
karate expert, Zane Frazier; a
shootfighter,
Ken Shamrock; a sumo wrestler,
Teila Tuli; a professional
boxer,
Art Jimmerson; and
Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu black belt
Royce Gracie—Rorion's younger brother who was hand-picked by Rorion himself to represent his family. The show was an instant success, drawing 86,592 television subscribers on pay-per-view to witness Royce Gracie take the first UFC crown. In April 1995, following ''
UFC 5'' in
Charlotte, North Carolina, Davie and Gracie sold their interest in the franchise to SEG and disbanded WOW Promotions. Davie continued with SEG as the show's booker and matchmaker, as well as the Commissioner of Ultimate Fighting, until December 1997.
A core proposition for the show was to find an answer for sports fans: "Can a wrestler beat a boxer?"
[6] As was the case with most martial arts at the time, fighters were typically skilled in just one discipline (e.g.,
boxing,
Judo, or
jujutsu) and had little experience against opponents with different skills. Some competitors were also rumored to have inflated their credentials to legitimize their presence.
Kimo Leopoldo, for example, was touted in ''
UFC 3'' as a "third degree
black belt" in
taekwondo. Kimo's fighting is best described as freestyle and he holds no such rank.
[7]
With no weight classes, fighters often faced significantly larger or taller opponents. For example,
Keith "The Giant Killer" Hackney faced
Emmanuel Yarborough at ''UFC 3'' with a 9 in (22 cm) height and 400 lb (180 kg) weight disadvantage.
[9] Many martial artists believed that technique could overcome these size disadvantages, and that a skilled fighter could use an opponent's size and strength against him; with the
Royce Gracie winning three of the first four UFC events, the UFC quickly proved that size does not always determine outcome.
Although ''"There are no rules!"'' was the tagline, the term was not strictly true; the UFC operated with limited rules. There was no biting, no eye gouging, and techniques such as hair pulling,
headbutts and
groin strikes were frowned upon, but allowed. In fact, in a ''
UFC 4'' qualifying match, two competitors Jason Fairn and
Guy Mezger agreed not to pull hair as they both wore pony tails tied back for the match. Additionally, that same event saw a matchup between Keith Hackney and Joe Son in which Hackney unleashed a series of groin shots against Joe Son while on the ground. UFC was similarly characterized, especially in the early days, as an extremely violent sport, as evidenced by a disclaimer in the beginning of the ''
UFC 5'' broadcast which warned audiences of the violent nature of the event.
Controversy and reform
The UFC became a hit on pay-per-view and home video almost immediately due to its originality, realism, and wide press coverage, although not all of it favorable. The nature of the burgeoning sport quickly drew the attention of the authorities and UFC events were banned in a number of American states. Senator
John McCain (
R-
AZ), was sent a tape of the first UFC events and immediately found it abhorrent. McCain himself led a campaign to ban Ultimate Fighting, calling it "human cockfighting", and sending letters to the governors of all fifty
U.S. states to ban the event.
8 As a result, the UFC was dropped from the major cable pay-per-view distributor Viewer's Choice, and individual cable carriers such as
TCI Cable. Thirty-six states enacted laws that banned "no-holds-barred" fighting, including
New York, which enacted the ban on the eve of ''
UFC 8'', forcing a last-minute relocation of the event.
[10] The UFC continued to air on
DirecTV PPV, though its audience was minuscule compared to the larger cable pay-per-view platforms of the era.
In response to the criticism, the UFC increased its cooperation with
state athletic commissions and redesigned its rules to remove the less palatable elements of fights while retaining the core elements of
striking and
grappling. Weight classes were introduced at ''
UFC 12''; gloves became mandatory and kicks to a downed opponent, hair pulling, and groin strikes were banned at ''
UFC 14''. ''
UFC 15'' saw more limitations on permissible striking areas: strikes to the back of the neck and head, and small joint manipulations were banned. With five-minute rounds introduced at ''
UFC 21'', the UFC gradually re-branded itself as a sport rather than a spectacle.
As the UFC continued to work with state athletic commissions, events were held in smaller U.S. markets, including
Iowa,
Mississippi,
Louisiana,
Wyoming and
Alabama. SEG could not secure home video releases for ''
UFC 23'' through ''
UFC 29'' in a period known by some fans as the "Dark Ages" of the UFC. With other mixed martial arts promotions working towards U.S. sanctioning, the
International Fighting Championships secured the first U.S. sanctioned mixed martial arts event, which occurred in
New Jersey on
September 30,
2000. Just two months later, the UFC held its first sanctioned event, ''
UFC 28'', under the New Jersey State Athletic Control Board's "Unified Rules".
[11] A spokeswoman for McCain would later state "he's very glad to see the changes" in the sport's safety rules.
[12]
Zuffa purchase
After the long battle to get sanctioned, and on the brink of bankruptcy, SEG was approached by
Station Casinos executives Frank and Lorenzo Fertitta, and boxing promoter
Dana White in 2001, with an offer to purchase the UFC. A month later, in January 2001, the Fertittas bought the UFC for $2 million and created
Zuffa, LLC as the parent entity controlling the UFC.
[13] With ties to the
Nevada State Athletic Commission (Lorenzo Fertitta was a former member of the NSAC), Zuffa secured sanctioning in Nevada in 2001.
[14] Shortly thereafter, at ''
UFC 33'', the UFC returned to pay-per-view cable television.
The UFC steadily, but slowly, rose in popularity after the Zuffa purchase, due partly to effective advertising, corporate sponsorship, the return of cable pay-per-view, and subsequent home video and
DVD releases. With larger live gates at casino venues like the
Trump Taj Mahal and the
MGM Grand Garden Arena, and pay-per-view buys beginning to return to levels enjoyed by the UFC prior to the political backlash in 1997, the UFC secured its first television deal with
Fox Sports Net, with ''
The Best Damn Sports Show Period'' airing the first mixed martial arts match on American cable television in June 2002 with ''
UFC 37.5''. Later, FSN would air highlight shows from the UFC, showcasing one hour blocks of the UFC's greatest bouts. At ''
UFC 40'', pay-per-view buys hit 150,000 for a card headlined by a grudge match between
Tito Ortiz, the UFC's charismatic and controversial champion, and
Ken Shamrock, an original headliner from the UFC's early days who had since defected to
WWE-brand
professional wrestling. It was the first time the UFC hit such a high mark since being forced "underground" in 1997.
[15] Despite the success, the UFC was still experiencing financial deficits, and by
2004, Zuffa had $34 million of losses since the purchase.
[16]
Mainstream emergence
After being featured in a
reality television series,
American Casino, and seeing how well the series worked as a promotion vehicle, the Fertitta brothers decided that the UFC should have their own reality series. Their idea,
The Ultimate Fighter – a reality television show not unlike ''
Survivor'', but featuring up-and-coming MMA fighters in competition, with fighters eliminated from competition via exhibition mixed martial arts matches – was pitched to several networks, each one rejecting the idea outright. It was not until they approached
Spike TV, with an offer to pay for the $10 million production costs themselves, did they find an outlet.
16 In January 2005,
Spike TV launched the series in the timeslot following
WWE Raw, and the show became an instant success. A second season of The Ultimate Fighter launched in August 2005, and two more seasons appeared in 2006. Spike TV and the UFC announced plans for additional seasons airing in 2007 and 2008.
[17]
Following the success of The Ultimate Fighter, Spike TV also picked up
UFC Unleashed, an hour-long weekly show featuring selected fights from previous fight cards. Spike TV also signed on to broadcast live ''UFC Fight Night'', a series of fight events debuting in August 2005; Countdown specials to promote upcoming UFC pay-per-view cards, and several other series and specials featuring and promoting the UFC and its fighters.
With the increased visibility, UFC's pay-per-view buy numbers exploded. ''
UFC 52'', the first event after the completion of the first season of The Ultimate Fighter, drew a pay-per-view audience of 280,000, nearly double their previous benchmark of 150,000 set at ''UFC 40''. Following the second season of The Ultimate Fighter, the UFC's much-hyped
rubber match between
Randy Couture and
Chuck Liddell drew an estimated 410,000 pay-per-view buys at ''
UFC 57''. For the rest of 2006, pay-per-view buy rates continued to skyrocket with 620,000 buys for ''
UFC 60'', 775,000 buys for ''
UFC 61'' which featured the second fight between
Ken Shamrock and
Tito Ortiz, the coaches of
The Ultimate Fighter 3. ''
UFC 66'', featuring
Tito Ortiz facing
Chuck Liddell in their highly anticipated rematch, garnered 1,050,000 buy rates, the current PPV buy rate record for the UFC and MMA in general. The UFC broke the pay-per-view industry's all-time records for a single year of business, generating over $222,766,000 in revenue during 2006, surpassing
WWE and boxing. The UFC grossed more revenue in 2006 on PPV than any promotion in history.
In March 2006, the UFC announced the hiring of
Marc Ratner, former Executive Director of the
Nevada Athletic Commission, as Vice President. Ratner, once an ally of Senator
McCain's campaign against mixed martial arts, was credited as one of the people responsible for the emergence of sanctioned mixed martial arts in the
United States. Ratner is expected to help raise the UFC's profile in the media and to help legalize mixed martial arts in jurisdictions inside and outside the United States that do not sanction mixed martial arts bouts.
The UFC continues its rapid rise from being "an almost unknown promotion" in 2005, to gracing the covers of
Sports Illustrated and
ESPN The Magazine in May 2007.
[18] UFC programming is now shown in 36 countries worldwide,
[19] and the UFC plans to continue expanding internationally, running shows regularly in Canada and the United Kingdom, with an office established in the UK aimed to expand the European UFC audience.
[20] Low fighter payouts for some fighters have been a common criticism of the UFC, causing some to call the promotion "U Fight for Cheap."
[21]
On
March 27 2007 The UFC and
PRIDE Fighting Championships (Pride) (UFC's main competitor) announced an agreement where the majority owners of the UFC, Frank and Lorenzo Fertitta, would purchase the PRIDE organization.
While both organizations will be otherwise separately run, the two organizations will be aligned together and plan to co-promote supercards featuring champions and top contenders from both organizations.
Rules
The current rules for the Ultimate Fighting Championship were originally established by the New Jersey Athletic Control Board.
[22] The "Unified Rules of Mixed Martial Arts" that New Jersey established has been adopted in other states that regulate mixed martial arts, including Nevada, Louisiana, and California. These rules are also used by many other promotions within the United States, becoming mandatory for those states that have adopted the rules, and so have become the standard ''de facto'' set of rules for professional mixed martial arts across the country.
Rounds
Every round in UFC competition is five minutes in duration. Title matches have five rounds, and non-title matches have three rounds. There is a one minute rest period between rounds.
Weight divisions
The UFC currently uses five weight classes:
★
Lightweight: 146 to 155 lb (70 kg)
★
Welterweight: 156 to 170 lb (77 kg)
★
Middleweight: 171 to 185 lb (84 kg)
★
Light Heavyweight: 186 to 205 lb (93 kg)
★
Heavyweight: 206 to 265 lb (120 kg)
In addition, there are four other weight classes specified in the Unified Rules which the UFC does not currently utilize:
Flyweight (under 125 lb, 57 kg),
Bantamweight (126 to 135 lb, 61 kg),
Featherweight (136 to 145 lb, 66 kg), and
Super Heavyweight ( above 265 lb, 120 kg). The Bantamweight and Featherweight classes are used in another promotion wholly owned by UFC,
World Extreme Cagefighting.
Cage
The Octagon
The UFC uses an octagonal caged enclosure, "The Octagon", to stage bouts. Originally, SEG had trademarked The Octagon and prevented other mixed martial arts promotions from using the same type of cage, but in 2001, Zuffa gave their permission for other promotions to use octagonal cages (whilst reserving use of the name "Octagon"). Their rationale was that the young sport needed uniformity in order to continue to win official sanctioning.
[23]
The cage is composed of an eight-sided structure, the walls consisting of metal chain-link fencing coated with black vinyl, with a diameter of 11.5 m (38 ft), allowing 9 m (30 ft) of space from point to point. The fence is 1.83 m (6 ft) high. The cage sits on top of a platform, raising it 1.2 m (4 ft) from the ground. It has foam padding around the top of the fence and between each of the eight sections. It also has two entry-exit gates opposite each other.
[24]
The mat, painted with sponsorship logos and art, is replaced for each event.
Attire
All competitors must fight in approved shorts, without shoes or any other sort of foot padding. Shirts,
gis or long pants (including gi pants) are not allowed. Fighters must use approved light gloves (110 to 170 g / 4 to 6 ounces) that allow fingers to grab. These gloves enable fighters to use tremendous punching power with less risk of an injured or broken hand, while providing capability in grabbing and grappling.
Originally the attire for UFC was very open if controlled at all. Many fighters still chose to wear tight-fitting shorts or boxing-type trunks, while others wore long pants or tight wrestling suits. Multi-time tournament champion
Royce Gracie wore a
Jujutsugi in all his early appearances in UFC.
Match outcome
Matches usually end via:
★ '
Submission': a fighter taps on the mat or his opponent three times (or more) or verbally submits.
★ '
Knockout': a fighter falls from a legal blow and is either unconscious or unable to immediately continue.
★ 'Technical Knockout': stoppage of the fight by the referee if the referee determines a fighter cannot "intelligently defend" himself; if warnings to the fighter to improve his position or defense go unanswered (generally, two warnings are given, about 5 seconds apart); or by ringside doctor due to injury.
★ 'Judges' Decision': Depending on scoring, a match may end as:
★
★ unanimous decision (all three judges score a win for one fighter),
★
★ split decision (two judges score a win for one fighter with the third for the other),
★
★ majority decision (two judges score a win for one fighter with one for a draw),
★
★ unanimous draw (all three judges score a draw),
★
★ majority draw (two judges score a draw).
★
★ split draw (the total points for each fighter is equal)
A fight can also end in a 'technical decision', 'technical draw', 'disqualification', 'forfeit' or 'no contest'.
Judging criteria
The
ten-point must system is in effect for all UFC fights; three judges score each round and the winner of each receives ten points, the loser nine points or less. If the round is even, both fighters receive ten points. In New Jersey, the fewest points a fighter can receive is 7, and in other states by custom no fighter receives less than 8.
Fouls
The Nevada State Athletic Commission currently lists the following as fouls:
[25]
#
Butting with the head.
#
Eye gouging of any kind.
#Biting.
#Hair pulling.
#
Fish hooking.
#
Groin attacks of any kind.
#Putting a finger into any orifice or into any cut or laceration on an opponent. (see
Gouging)
#
Small joint manipulation.
#Striking to the spine or the back of the head. (see
Rabbit punch)
#Striking downward using the point of the elbow. (see
Elbow (strike))
#Throat strikes of any kind, including, without limitation, grabbing the trachea.
#Clawing, pinching or twisting the flesh.
#Grabbing the
clavicle.
#
Kicking the head of a grounded opponent.
#
Kneeing the head of a grounded opponent.
#
Stomping a grounded opponent.
#
Kicking to the kidney with the heel.
#Spiking an opponent to the canvas on his head or neck. (see
piledriver)
#
Throwing an opponent out of the ring or fenced area.
#Holding the shorts or gloves of an opponent.
#Spitting at an opponent.
#Engaging in unsportsmanlike conduct that causes an injury to an opponent.
#Holding the ropes or the fence.
#Using abusive language in the ring or fenced area.
#Attacking an opponent on or during the break.
#Attacking an opponent who is under the care of the referee.
#Attacking an opponent after the bell (horn) has sounded the end of a round.
#Flagrantly disregarding the instructions of the referee.
#Timidity, including, without limitation, avoiding contact with an opponent, intentionally or consistently dropping the mouthpiece or faking an injury.
#Interference by the corner.
#Throwing in the towel during competition.
#Using a foreign object in the ring to your advantage.
When a foul is charged, the referee in their discretion may deduct one or more points as a penalty. If a foul incapacitates a fighter, then the match may end in a disqualification if the foul was intentional, or a no contest if unintentional. If a foul causes a fighter to be unable to continue later in the bout, it ends with a technical decision win to the injured fighter if the injured fighter is ahead on points, otherwise it is a technical draw.
[26]
Match conduct
★ The referee has the right to stop the fighters and stand them up if they reach a stalemate on the ground (where neither are in a dominant
position, nor are working towards one) after a verbal warning. This rule is codified in Nevada as the ''stand-up rule''.
★ If the referee pauses the match, the match is resumed with the fighters in the position they were before.
★ Any grabbing of the cage will result in a verbal warning, followed by an attempt by the referee to release the grab by pulling on the grabbing hand. If that attempt fails or if the fighter continues to hold the cage, the referee may charge a foul.
Evolution of the UFC rules
★ ''
UFC 1'' - Although the advertising said ''there are no rules'', there were in fact some rules: no biting, no eye-gouging, and rounds were to last five minutes, although no match in the first tournament lasted that long. Fights ended only in the event of a
knockout, a
submission usually signalled by tapping the hand three times on the mat or opponent, or by the corner throwing in the towel. Despite this, the first match in ''UFC 1'' was won by referee stoppage, even though it was not officially recognized as such at the time.
★ ''
UFC 2'' - Time limits were dropped.
★ ''
UFC 3'' - The referee was officially given the authority to stop a fight in case of a fighter being unable to defend himself. A fighter could not kick if he was wearing shoes. This rule would be discarded in later competitions.
★ ''
UFC 4'' - After tournament alternate
Steve Jennum won ''UFC 3'' by winning only one bout, alternates (replacements) were required to win a pre-tournament bout to qualify for the role of an alternate.
★ ''
UFC 5'' - The organizers introduced a 30-minute time limit. ''UFC 5'' also saw the first Superfight, a one-off bout between two competitors selected by the organizers with the winner being crowned 'Superfight champion' and having the duty of defending his title at the next UFC.
★ ''
UFC 6'' - The referee was given the authority to restart the fight. If two fighters were entangled in a position where there was a ''lack of action'', the referee could stop the fight and restart the competitors on their feet, in their own corner. In UFC 6 they officially adopted the 5 minute extension to the 30 minute rule which had been used in UFC 5.
★ ''
UFC 8'' - Time limit changed to 10 minutes in the first two rounds of the tournament, 15 minutes in the tournament final and Superfight. Fights could now be decided by a judges decision if the fight reached the end of the time limit. The panel was made up of three judges who simply raised a card with the name of the fighter they considered to be the winner. In this fashion, a draw was not possible since the only two possible outcomes of a decision were 3 to 0 or 2 to 1 in favor of the winner.
★ ''
UFC 9'' - Closed fisted strikes were not allowed. The commentators were not aware of this last minute rule that was made to prevent the cancellation of the event due to local political pressures. Referee "Big John" McCarthy made repeated warnings to the fighters to "open the hand" when this rule was violated. However, not one fighter was reprimanded.
★ ''
UFC 12'' - The main tournament was split into a heavyweight and lightweight division; and the eight-man tournament was abandoned. Fighters now needed to win only two fights to win the competition. The Heavyweight Champion title (and title bouts) was introduced, replacing the Superfight title (albeit matches were still for a time branded as "Superfights"). This event was also the first to introduce "NO GRABBING OF FENCE".
★ ''
UFC 14'' - The wearing of padded gloves, weighing 110 to 170 g (4 to 6 ounces), becomes mandatory. Gloves were to be approved by the UFC.
★ ''
UFC 15'' - Limits on permissible striking areas were introduced. Headbutts, groin strikes, strikes to the back of the neck and head, kicks to a downed opponent, small joint manipulation, pressure point strikes, and hair-pulling became illegal.
★ ''
UFC 21'' - Five minute rounds were introduced, with preliminary bouts consisting of two rounds, regular non-title bouts at three rounds, and title bouts at 5 five minute rounds. Also, the "ten point must system" was introduced for scoring fights (identical to the system widely used in
boxing).
★ ''
UFC 28'' - The New Jersey Athletic Control Board sanctions its first UFC event, using the newly developed ''Unified Rules of Mixed Martial Arts''. Major changes to the UFC's rules included barring knee strikes to the head of a downed opponent, and elbow strikes to the spine and neck. Limits on permissible ring attire, stringent medical requirements, and regulatory oversight were also introduced. A new weight class system was also introduced.
[27] This new set of rules is currently the ''de facto'' standard for MMA events held in the USA and is still in use by the UFC.
★ ''
UFC 31'' Weight classes are re-aligned to the current standard. Bantamweight moves from 150 to 155 and becomes known as
Lightweight. Lightweight becomes known as
Welterweight, Middleweight becomes
Light Heavyweight, and a new
Middleweight class is introduced at 185.
The Ultimate Fighter
Fights that occur on
The Ultimate Fighter are technically classified as exhibition matches under NSAC sanctioning, and thus do not count toward the professional record of a fighter. Match outcomes also do not need to be immediately posted publicly, which allows for fight results to be unveiled as the series progresses.
These exhibition matches variably have two or three rounds, depending on the rules used for each season. For example, in seasons one and three, preliminary matches (before the semi-final bouts) were two rounds; in season two, all matches had three rounds. For two-round matches, if there is a draw after two rounds, an extra five-minute round ("sudden victory") is contested. If the extra round concludes without a stoppage, the judges' decision will be based on that final round. All semi-final matches use three rounds as per standard UFC bouts. During the finales for each series, the division finals have the standard three rounds, plus a fourth round if the judges score a tie.
Current champions
Main articles: List of UFC champions
Notable UFC fighters
UFC Hall of Fame inductees
(in the order inducted)
★
Royce Gracie (Inducted
UFC 45)
★
Ken Shamrock (Inducted
UFC 45)
★
Dan Severn (Inducted
UFC 52)
★
Randy Couture (Inducted
The Ultimate Fighter Season 3 Finale)
Accomplished UFC fighters
The following fighters have won a tournament, championship title, or an
''Ultimate Fighter'' tournament. Some have competed in different weight classes.
'Heavyweights' 206 to 265 lb (120 kg)
★
Andrei Arlovski (former UFC Heavyweight Champion)
★
Mark Coleman (UFC 10 and UFC 11 Open Weight Tournament Champion, PRIDE Grand Prix 2000 Open Weight Champion, former UFC Heavyweight Champion)
★
Randy Couture (current UFC Heavyweight Champion, former Light Heavyweight Champion)
★
Mark Kerr (UFC 14 and 15 Heavyweight Tournament Champion)
★
Frank Mir (former UFC Heavyweight Champion)
★
Kevin Randleman (former UFC Heavyweight Champion)
★
Pedro Rizzo (UFC Ultimate Brazil Heavyweight Superfight Champion)
★
Ricco Rodriguez (former UFC Heavyweight Champion)
★
Bas Rutten (former UFC Heavyweight Champion)
★
Ken Shamrock (former 2 time UFC Superfight Champion)
★
Maurice Smith (former UFC Heavyweight Champion)
★
Tim Sylvia (former UFC Heavyweight Champion)
★
Don Frye (UFC 8 & Ultimate Ultimate #2 1996 Open Weight Tournament Champion)
★
Dan Severn (UFC 5 & Ultimate Ultimate #1 1995 Open Weight Tournament Champion & former Open Weight Superfight Champion)
★
Oleg Taktarov (UFC 6 Open Weight Tournament Champion)
★
Marco Ruas (UFC 7 Open Weight Tournament Champion)
'Light Heavyweights' 186 to 205 lb (93 kg)
★
Vitor Belfort (UFC 12 4-Man Tournament Champion, former UFC Light Heavyweight Champion)
★
Michael Bisping (''
The Ultimate Fighter 3'' light heavyweight winner)
★
Rashad Evans (''
The Ultimate Fighter 2'' heavyweight winner)
★
Forrest Griffin (''
The Ultimate Fighter 1'' light heavyweight winner)
★
Quinton Jackson (current UFC Light Heavyweight Champion)
★
Chuck Liddell (former Light Heavyweight Champion)
★
Guy Mezger (UFC 13 Lightweight 4-Man Tournament Champion)
★
Tito Ortiz (former UFC Light Heavyweight Champion)
★
Ken Shamrock (former UFC Superfight Champion)
'Middleweights' 171 to 185 lb (84 kg)
★
Royce Gracie (UFC 1, 2 & 4 Open Weight Tournament Champion, UFC 2 was a 16-Man Tournament!)
★
Murilo Bustamante (former UFC Middleweight Champion)
★
Rich Franklin (former UFC Middleweight Champion)
★
Kendall Grove (''
The Ultimate Fighter 3'' middleweight winner)
★
Travis Lutter (''
The Ultimate Fighter 4'' middleweight winner)
★
Dave Menne (former UFC Middleweight Champion)
★
Frank Shamrock (former UFC Middleweight Champion)
★
Anderson Silva (current UFC Middleweight Champion)
★
Evan Tanner (former UFC Middleweight Champion)
★
Dan Henderson (UFC 17 4-Man Middleweight Tournament Champion)
'Welterweights' 156 to 170 lb (77 kg)
★
Matt Hughes (former UFC Welterweight Champion)
★
Carlos Newton (former UFC Welterweight Champion)
★
Diego Sánchez (''
The Ultimate Fighter 1'' middleweight winner)
★
Matt Serra (''
The Ultimate Fighter 4'' welterweight winner, current UFC Welterweight Champion)
★
Georges St. Pierre (former UFC Welterweight Champion)
★
Pat Miletich (former UFC Welterweight Champion)
'Lightweights' 146 to 155 lb (70 kg)
★
B.J. Penn (former UFC Welterweight Champion)
★
Nate Diaz (''
The Ultimate Fighter 5'' lightweight winner)
★
Jens Pulver (former UFC Lightweight Champion)
★
Sean Sherk (current UFC Lightweight Champion)
★
Joe Stevenson (''
The Ultimate Fighter 2'' welterweight winner)
In other media
Music
★ , an album of music featured in and inspired by the UFC.
Video games
★
Ultimate Fighting Championship
★
★
★
★
In January 2007, Zuffa and videogame developer/publisher
THQ announced a license agreement giving THQ worldwide rights to develop titles under the UFC brand. The agreement gives THQ exclusive rights to current and next-generation consoles as well as PC and handheld titles. Also included are "certain wireless rights" which were not detailed. The licensing agreement is to expire in
2011.
[28]
As announced by a trailer on July 12, 2007 at
E3, the next-gen UFC game, entitled
UFC 2009 is currently in progress.
[29]
See also
★
List of UFC champions
★
List of UFC events
References
1. Friend, Tad, ''Getting Medieval'', New York Magazine, February 19, 1993, page 43.
2. Gentry III, Clyde, ''No Holds Barred: Ultimate Fighting and the Martial Arts Revolution'', Milo Books, 2003, Paperback Edition, ISBN 0-903854-90-X, page 38-39
3. Gentry III, Clyde, ''No Holds Barred: Evolution'', Archon Publishing, 2001, 1st Edition, ISBN 0-9711479-0-6, pages 24-29.
4. Gentry III, Clyde, ''No Holds Barred: Evolution'', Archon Publishing, 2001, 1st Edition, ISBN 0-9711479-0-6, page 29
5. Newport, John Paul, ''Blood Sport'', Details, March 1995, pages 70-72.
6. Willoughby, David P., ''The Super Athletes'', A.S. Barnes & Co., Inc., 1970, ISBN 0-498-06651-7, page 380.
7. Gentry, Clyde, ''No Holds Barred: Ultimate Fighting and the Martial Arts Revolution'', (Milo Books: Preston, 2005), p.73
8. Fight Clubbed David Plotz
9. Fight card for UFC 3, Sherdog.com. Fighter profile for Keith Hackney, Sherdog.com. Fighter profile for Emmanuel Yarborough, Sherdog.com. Last retrieved December 5 2006
10. Gentry III, Clyde, ''No Holds Barred: Ultimate Fighting and the Martial Arts Revolution'', Milo Books, 2003, Paperback Edition, ISBN 0-903854-90-X, pages 106, 123
11. Trembow, Ivan. New Jersey Commission Corrects Mainstream UFC Stories. Ivan's Blog.
12. "Opinions vary on rising popularity of mixed martial arts", Palm Beach Post, June 12, 2007. Quote attributed to the first week of June 2007.
13. Mixed Martial Arts: A New Kind Of Fight
14. New Jersey Commission Corrects Mainstream UFC Stories, Ivan's Blog, formerly posted on MMAWeekly.com. Last retrieved December 5 2006
15. UFC's Pay-Per-View Buys Explode in 2006, Ivan's Blog, originally posted on MMAWeekly.com. Last retrieved November 11 2006
16. The ultimate fighting machines, CNNMoney.com. November 8 2006. Last retrieved November 11 2006
17. UFC and Spike TV Announce Continued Partnership. UFC.com. March 22, 2006.
18. Mixed martial arts notebook: Well-traveled UFC president has big plans for the sport Brad McCray
19. Brutal, bloody, merciless - and set to beguile Britain Jim White
20. Pishna, Ken. UFC Announced European Expansion. MMAWeekly.com. August 14, 2006.
21. Mixed martial arts notebook: Well-traveled UFC president has big plans for the sport Brad McCray
22. Mixed Martial Arts Unified Rules of Conduct, Additional Mixed Martial Arts Rules, New Jersey Athletic Control Board. Retrieved April 3 2006
23. Gentry, Clyde, ''No Holds Barred: Ultimate Fighting and the Martial Arts Revolution'', (Milo Books: Preston, 2005), p.208
24. UFC 62: Streaming en Espanol. ''The Boston Herald''. July 30 2006. Retrieved August 4 2006.
25. NSAC Regulations: Chapter 467 - Unarmed Combat. Nevada State Athletic Commission. Retrieved April 3 2006
26. MMA rules explained. Nevada State Athletic Commission. Retrieved June 30 2006.
27. [1]
28. UFC Pinned Till 2011 By THQ iTZKooPA
29. http://www.e3expo.com/
External links
★
Official UFC site
★
UFC Official Rules
★
Past to present event results and fighter records database
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