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The 'Tzotzil' Maya of the central highlands of the Mexican state of Chiapas are an indigenous group, the direct descendants of the Classic Maya civilization. The Tzotzil language, like Tzeltal and Ch'ol, is descended from the proto-Ch'ol spoken in the late classic period at sites such as Palenque and Yaxchilan. Today, the largest Tzotzil municipalities are Chamula and Zinacantan. The Tzotzil of Zinacatin, studied at length by a project of Harvard University directed by the noted cultural anthropologist Evon Z. Vogt, chronicles the resilience of this community as it survives in a changing world.^[1]
The word "tzotzil" means "people of wool" (tzotz = wool in the Tzotzil language). Tzotzil people make their clothing primarily out of wool. However, according to ancient Maya language, "tzotzil" could also be translated as "bat people", given the association of their culture with this animal in the view of the Mayas.
The Tzotzil were for centuries exploited by Europeans as laborers on coffee and sugar plantations, particularly in the central valleys of the state.
With the collapse of coffee prices in the 1980s, sustainable employment has been hard for many people in the highlands to find. As both population and foreign tourism have risen, the sale of artisan goods has replaced other economic activities. Tzotziles usually sell their products in the nearby cities of San Cristobal de las Casas, Comitán, and Simojovel. Recently, and increasingly, many Maya from the highlands of Chiapas have found migration to other parts of Mexico, and illegal immigration to the United States a way to break away from subsistence farming and abysmal wages.
Issues surrounding social integration persist, especially with white people, mestizos, and westernized indigenous people (all called "ladinos"). Also, most of the enlistees in the guerrilla Zapatista Army of National Liberation are Tzotzil.

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References

Notes

1. The Maya, , Michael D., Coe, Thames & Hudson, 1999, ISBN 0-500-28066-5

References

★ The great Tzotzil dictionary of San Lorenzo Zinacantán, Laughlin, Robert M., , , Smithsonian Institution Press, 1975,