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:''This article is about the pedestrian gate.''
A 'turnstile', also called a 'baffle gate', is a form of gate which allows one person to pass at a time. It can also be made so as to enforce one-way traffic of people, and in addition, it can restrict passage to people who insert a coin, a ticket, a pass, or similar. Thus a turnstile can be used in the case of paid access (sometimes called a 'Faregate' when used for this purpose), for example public transport or a pay toilet, or to restrict access to authorized people, for example in the lobby of an office building.
The invention of the turnstile has been credited to Clarence Saunders, who used them in his first Piggly Wiggly store.
Turnstiles are also used for counting the numbers of people passing through a gate, even where payment is not involved. They are used extensively in this manner in amusement parks, in order to keep track of how many people enter and exit the park and ride each ride.
Turnstiles were originally used, like other forms of stile, to allow human beings to pass whilst keeping sheep or other livestock penned in. Two passageways into Lincoln's Inn Fields in London have been named Great Turnstile and Little Turnstile for hundreds of years, harking back to the days when there was grazing there.
The first major use of turnstiles at a sporting venue was at Hampden Park in Glasgow, Scotland.
People visiting Thomas Edison had to pass through a turnstile which pumped water into his holding tank, saving him the work [1].
Turnstiles often use ratchet mechanisms to allow the rotation of the stile in one direction allowing ingress but preventing rotation in the other direction. They are often designed to operate only after a payment has been made, usually by inserting a coin or token in a slot; or by swiping, or inserting, a paper ticket or electronically encoded card.
Mechanical turnstiles are less often used these days, with electronic gate and ticketing systems becoming more common.
In the first half of the twentieth century, it was common for entry to public lavatories in Britain to be controlled by turnstiles.
The High Entrance/Exit Turnstile (HEET), a larger version of the turnstile, similar in operation to a revolving door, is known as an "iron maiden", after the medieval torture device of the same name, or as "high-wheel".[1] It is sometimes called a "Rotogate", especially in Chicago, where they are used at unstaffed exits of their El stations.[2] In Europe, however, "Rotogate" refers to a different kind of gate that is not a turnstile.
In the public transportation systems of the Soviet Union, the only common use of turnstiles
was at the entrance to subway stations (first introduced in Moscow Metro on November 7, 1958[3]).
City buses and commuter trains usually operated on the honor system. But as fare collection became a more pressing business
in post-Soviet Russia, railway terminals and high-traffic railway station in the Moscow area, Nizhny Novgorod and elsewhere
had turnstiles installed.
In the early 2000s, Moscow authorities went one step further in their quest to improve fare collection: since enclosing all bus and streetcar stops and providing them with fare gates would not be feasible, the authorities resorted to installing turnstiles ''inside'' each city bus and streetcar. This practice has caused numerous passenger complaints as it reduced the speed of boarding, compared to the traditional honor system.
Turnstile jumping is the practise of jumping over turnstiles, especially in metro stations, to dodge transportation or entrance fee.
★ optical turnstile
1. missing HEET
2. [2]
3. Timeline (ХРОНОЛОГИЯ) (Moscow Metro official site, accessed 2006-Nov-03)
★ Page showing various designs of turnstiles in the history of the New York subway system.
Turnstiles at Alewife subway station in Cambridge, Massachusetts
A 'turnstile', also called a 'baffle gate', is a form of gate which allows one person to pass at a time. It can also be made so as to enforce one-way traffic of people, and in addition, it can restrict passage to people who insert a coin, a ticket, a pass, or similar. Thus a turnstile can be used in the case of paid access (sometimes called a 'Faregate' when used for this purpose), for example public transport or a pay toilet, or to restrict access to authorized people, for example in the lobby of an office building.
| Contents |
| History and applications |
| Turnstiles in Russia |
| Turnstile Jumping |
| See also |
| Footnotes |
| External links |
History and applications
A modern Skidata turnstile at Legoland Windsor. The user inserts a ticket or pass into the orange slot, from which a barcode is read; if access is to be granted, a sensor determines the speed with which the user passes through, and sets the electric motor to turn the turnstile at the corresponding speed.
The invention of the turnstile has been credited to Clarence Saunders, who used them in his first Piggly Wiggly store.
Turnstiles are also used for counting the numbers of people passing through a gate, even where payment is not involved. They are used extensively in this manner in amusement parks, in order to keep track of how many people enter and exit the park and ride each ride.
Turnstiles were originally used, like other forms of stile, to allow human beings to pass whilst keeping sheep or other livestock penned in. Two passageways into Lincoln's Inn Fields in London have been named Great Turnstile and Little Turnstile for hundreds of years, harking back to the days when there was grazing there.
The first major use of turnstiles at a sporting venue was at Hampden Park in Glasgow, Scotland.
People visiting Thomas Edison had to pass through a turnstile which pumped water into his holding tank, saving him the work [1].
Turnstiles often use ratchet mechanisms to allow the rotation of the stile in one direction allowing ingress but preventing rotation in the other direction. They are often designed to operate only after a payment has been made, usually by inserting a coin or token in a slot; or by swiping, or inserting, a paper ticket or electronically encoded card.
Mechanical turnstiles are less often used these days, with electronic gate and ticketing systems becoming more common.
A British turnstile used for public events in the late 1880s
The High Entrance/Exit Turnstile (HEET), a larger version of the turnstile, similar in operation to a revolving door, is known as an "iron maiden", after the medieval torture device of the same name, or as "high-wheel".[1] It is sometimes called a "Rotogate", especially in Chicago, where they are used at unstaffed exits of their El stations.[2] In Europe, however, "Rotogate" refers to a different kind of gate that is not a turnstile.
Turnstiles in Russia
In the public transportation systems of the Soviet Union, the only common use of turnstiles
was at the entrance to subway stations (first introduced in Moscow Metro on November 7, 1958[3]).
City buses and commuter trains usually operated on the honor system. But as fare collection became a more pressing business
in post-Soviet Russia, railway terminals and high-traffic railway station in the Moscow area, Nizhny Novgorod and elsewhere
had turnstiles installed.
In the early 2000s, Moscow authorities went one step further in their quest to improve fare collection: since enclosing all bus and streetcar stops and providing them with fare gates would not be feasible, the authorities resorted to installing turnstiles ''inside'' each city bus and streetcar. This practice has caused numerous passenger complaints as it reduced the speed of boarding, compared to the traditional honor system.
Turnstile Jumping
These turnstiles at Gare du Nord in Paris are "dodge-proof" - they cannot be jumped over.
Turnstile jumping is the practise of jumping over turnstiles, especially in metro stations, to dodge transportation or entrance fee.
See also
★ optical turnstile
Footnotes
1. missing HEET
2. [2]
3. Timeline (ХРОНОЛОГИЯ) (Moscow Metro official site, accessed 2006-Nov-03)
External links
★ Page showing various designs of turnstiles in the history of the New York subway system.
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