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In pre-Islamic Turkic empires, particularly those of the Göktürks and the Khazars, a 'tudun' was a governor resident in a town or other settlement. The tudun was the personal representative of the imperial government and could function both as an administrator and a diplomat. At times a tudun would be appointed for a town nominally under another power's control but ''de facto'' within the sphere of influence of the tudun's khagan.