The 'Republic of Trinidad and Tobago' (
IPA: ) is an
archipelagic state[1] in the southern
Caribbean, lying northeast of the
South American nation of
Venezuela and south of
Grenada in the
Lesser Antilles. It also shares maritime boundaries with
Barbados to the northeast and
Guyana to the southeast. The country covers an area of 5,128 square kilometres (1,979
sq mi) and consists of two main islands, '
Trinidad' and '
Tobago', and
21 smaller islands. Trinidad is the larger and more populous of the main islands; Tobago is much smaller, comprising about 6% of the total area and 4% of the population. The nation lies outside the
hurricane belt.
Originally settled by
Amerindians at least 7,000 years ago,
[Banwari Trace in Trinidad - the Oldest Site in the West Indies!, from the Archaeology Centre, University of the West Indies, Trinidad and Tobago] Trinidad and Tobago was occupied by
Arawakan- and
Cariban-speaking peoples at the time of
European contact in 1498. A history of
slavery and
indentureship has left the country with a mixture of
African,
Indian,
European,
Middle Eastern and
Chinese people. All these groups have left an imprint on the national culture, and there is an increasingly high percentage of
mixed-race people. Trinidad and Tobago became an independent nation (from the
United Kingdom) in 1962 and a republic in 1976.
Officially Trinidadians or Tobagonians, the people from Trinidad and Tobago are often informally referred to as ''Trinbagonians'' or ''
Trinis''. Unlike most of the English-speaking Caribbean, Trinidad and Tobago is a primarily industrialised country whose economy is based on
petroleum and
petrochemicals. Trinidad and Tobago is famous for its pre-
Lenten Carnival and as the birthplace of
steelpan,
calypso, Soca music, and
limbo.
The capital city
Port-of-Spain, is currently a leading candidate (along with
Miami) to serve as the headquarters of the Permanent Secretariat of the
Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA-ALCA).
History
Main articles: History of Trinidad and Tobago
Both Trinidad and Tobago were originally settled by
Amerindians. Trinidad was first settled by pre-agricultural Archaic people at least 7,000 years ago,
making it the earliest-settled part of the Caribbean. Ceramic-using agriculturalists settled Trinidad around 250 BCE and then moved further up the Lesser Antillean chain. At the time of
European contact Trinidad was occupied by various
Arawakan-speaking groups including the the Nepoya and Suppoya, and
Cariban-speaking groups such as the Yao, while Tobago was occupied by the
Island Caribs and
Galibi. The Amerindian name for Trinidad was
Kairi or
Iere which is usually translated as ''The Land of the
Hummingbird'', although others have reported that it simply meant ''island''.
Christopher Columbus encountered the island of Trinidad on
July 31,
1498 and named it after the
Holy Trinity. Columbus reported seeing Tobago, which he named ''Bella Forma'', but did not land on the island. The name Tobago is probably derived from
tobacco, although the correct pronunciation is "tah-BAY-go".
The
Spanish established a presence in Trinidad, but due to a lack of settlers, eventually allowed any
Roman Catholic European to settle on the island, leading to substantial immigration from France and elsewhere. Meanwhile, Tobago changed hands between
British,
French,
Dutch and
Courlanders from modern-day Latvia. Britain consolidated its hold on both islands during the
Napoleonic Wars, and they were combined into the
colony of Trinidad and Tobago in 1899. As a result of these colonial struggles, Amerindian, Spanish, French and English
place names are all common in the country.
African slaves and
Chinese,
Indian, and free African
indentured laborers, as well as
Portuguese from Madeira, arrived to supply labor in the nineteenth and early twentieth century. Emigration from
Barbados and the other Lesser Antilles,
Venezuela,
Syria, and
Lebanon also impacted on the ethnic make-up of the country.
Although originally a
sugar colony,
cacao dominated the economy in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. After the collapse of the cacao crop (due to disease and the
Great Depression)
petroleum increasingly came to dominate the economy. The Depression and the rise of the oil economy led to changes in the social structure.
The presence of
American military bases in
Chaguaramas and
Cumuto in Trinidad during
World War II profoundly changed the character of the society. In the post-war period, the wave of
decolonization that swept the
British Empire led to the formation of the
West Indies Federation in 1958 as a vehicle for independence. Chaguaramas was the proposed site for the federal capital. The Federation dissolved after the withdrawal of
Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago elected for independence in 1962.
In 1976 the country severed its links with the
British monarchy and became a
republic within the
Commonwealth, though it retained the British Privy Council as its final Court of Appeal.
In 1990, 114 members of the
Jamaat al Muslimeen, led by
Yasin Abu Bakr, formerly known as Lennox Phillip, stormed the
Red House (the seat of
Parliament), and
Trinidad and Tobago Television, the only television station in the country at the time, and held the country's government hostage for six days before surrendering (''see
Jamaat al Muslimeen coup attempt'').
Petroleum, petrochemicals and
natural gas continue to be the backbone of the economy. Tourism is the mainstay of the economy of Tobago, and the island remains a favorite destination for many European tourists. Trinidad and Tobago is one of the most prosperous nations in the Caribbean, although less so than it was during the "
oil boom" between 1973 and 1983. Recently, economic turmoil has caused an increase in violence and political instability.
Politics
Main articles: Politics of Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago is a
liberal democracy with a
two-party system and a
bicameral parliamentary system based on the
Westminster System. The
Head of State of Trinidad and Tobago is the
President, currently
Professor Emeritus George Maxwell Richards. The
Head of Government is the
Prime Minister. The President is elected by an
Electoral College consisting of the full membership of both houses of
Parliament. The
Prime Minister is appointed by the
President. The President is required to appoint the leader of the party who in his opinion has the most support of the members of the House of Representatives to this post; this has generally been the leader of the party which won the most seats in the previous election (except in the case of the
2001 General Elections).
The
Parliament consists of two chambers, the
Senate (31 seats) and the
House of Representatives (36 seats, will increase to 41 seats after the next election). The members of the Senate are appointed by the president. Sixteen Government Senators are appointed on the advice of the Prime Minister, six Opposition Senators are appointed on the advice of the Leader of the Opposition and nine Independent Senators are appointed by the President to represent other sectors of civil society. The 36 members of the House of Representatives are elected by the people for a maximum term of five years.
Since
December 24 2001, the governing party has been the
People's National Movement led by
Patrick Manning; the
Opposition party is the
United National Congress led by
Kamla Persad-Bissessar. Support for these parties appears to fall along ethnic lines with the PNM consistently obtaining a majority Afro-Trinbagonian vote, and the UNC gaining a majority of Indo-Trinbagonian support.
Trinidad and Tobago is a leading member of the
Caribbean Community (CARICOM) and the
CARICOM Single Market and Economy (CSME). It is also the Seat of the Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ), which was inaugurated on 16th April 2005. The CCJ is intended to replace the British Privy Council as the final Appellate Court for the member states of the CARICOM. Since its inauguration, only two states, Barbados and Guyana, have acceded to the appellate jurisdiction of the CCJ.
Geography
Map of Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago are southeasterly islands of the
Antilles or
West Indies, situated between 10° 2' and 11° 12' N
latitude and 60° 30' and 61° 56' W
longitude. At the closest point, Trinidad is just 11 kilometres (7 miles) off the
Venezuelan coast. Covering an area of 5,128 square kilometres (1,979 sq mi), the country consists of the two main islands,
Trinidad and
Tobago, and
21 smaller islands – including
Chacachacare,
Monos,
Huevos,
Gaspar Grande (or Gasparee),
Little Tobago, and
St. Giles Island. Trinidad is 4,768 square kilometres (1,841 sq mi) in area (comprising 93.0% of the country's total area) with an average length of 80 kilometres (50 mi) and an average width of 59 kilometres (37 mi). Tobago has an area of about 300 square kilometres (115 sq mi), or 5.8% of the country's area, is 41 kilometres (25.5 mi) long and 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) at its greatest width.
Hillside along Diego Martin
The terrain of the islands is a mixture of mountains and plains. The highest point in the country is found on the
Northern Range at
El Cerro del Aripo which is situated at 940 metres (3,085 ft) above sea level. The climate is tropical. There are two seasons annually: the
dry season for the first six months of the year, and the
wet season in the second half of the year. Winds are predominantlly from the northeast and are dominated by the
northeast trade winds. Unlike most of the other Caribbean islands, both Trinidad and Tobago have frequently escaped the wrath of major devastating hurricanes including
Hurricane Ivan, the most powerful storm to pass close to the islands in recent history in September 2004.
As the majority of the population live in Trinidad, this is the location of most major towns and cities. There are three major municipalities in Trinidad:
Port of Spain, the capital,
San Fernando, and
Chaguanas. Of these three, Chaguanas is the fastest growing. The capital of Tobago is
Scarborough.
Trinidad is made up of a variety of soil types, the majority being fine sands and heavy clays. The alluvial valleys of the Northern Range and the soils of the ''
East-West Corridor'' being the most fertile.
The Northern Range consists mainly of Upper
Jurassic and
Cretaceous rocks, mostly
andesites and
schists. The Northern Lowlands (
East-West Corridor and
Caroni Plains) consist of
Pleistocene or younger soft sands and clays with superficial gravel terraces and river and swamp alluvia. South of this, the
Central Range is a folded anticlinal uplift consisting of Cretaceous and
Eocene rocks, with
Miocene formations along the southern and eastern flanks. The
Naparima Plains and the
Nariva Swamp form the southern shoulder of this uplift. The Southern Lowlands consist of Miocene and
Pliocene sands, clays, and gravels. These overlie
oil and
natural gas deposits, especially north of the
Los Bajos Fault. The
Southern Range forms the third anticlinal uplift. It consists of several chains of hills, most famous being the
Trinity Hills. The rocks consist of
sandstones,
shales and
siltstones and clays formed in the Miocene and uplifted in the Pleistocene.
Oil sands and
mud volcanoes are especially common in this area.
Although it is located just off-shore from South America, Trinidad and Tobago is not considered to be part of the
South American continent by virtue of its geographical and historical heritage. ''See
Bicontinental countries.''
Economy
Trinidad's economy is strongly influenced by the petroleum industry. Tourism and manufacturing are also important to the local economy. Tourism is a growing sector, although not proportionately as important as in many other Caribbean islands. The economy benefits from low inflation and a trade surplus. Agricultural products include sugar cane, citrus, cocoa, and other products. Sugar cane was and continues to be a prominent crop of Trinidad.
Trinidad and Tobago experienced a real growth rate of 3.2% in 2002. This made 9 straight years of real growth after 8 years of
economic decline. The government of Prime Minister Patrick Manning has continued the sound macroeconomic policies of the previous regime, and is trying to further improve the
investment climate. Long-term growth looks promising, as Trinidad and Tobago further develops its
hydrocarbon,
petrochemical, and
metals sectors--with significant increases in
exports--and continues its diversification efforts in services,
tourism,
manufacturing, and
agriculture.
Trinidad and Tobago's strong growth rate over the past few years has led to
trade surpluses over the past 4 years, even with high
import levels due to industrial expansion and increased consumer demand. The
debt service ratio was a moderate 4.7% in 2004, and fell to 2.5% in 2005
[2]. In 2006, unemployment fell to 5% down from 6.7% in 2005
[2].
The petrochemical sector, including
methanol,
ammonia,
urea, and
liquefied natural gas (LNG), has continued to grow and has experienced a new burst of activity with the resumption of full-scale production of all existing facilities. Natural gas production continues to expand and should meet the needs of the many industrial plants coming on stream in the next 3 years.
Trinidad and Tobago is the 5th largest exporter of liquefied natural gas in the world
[2]. The expansion of Atlantic LNG over the next 4 years could create the largest-single sustained phase of economic growth in Trinidad and Tobago. It has become the leading exporter of LNG to the United States, and now supplies some 70% of U.S. LNG imports.
Trinidad and Tobago is experiencing a transition from an oil-based economy to a natural gas based economy. In 2006, natural gas production averaged 4 million standard cubit feet per day (mmscf/d), compared with 3.2 mmscf/d in 2005. In December 2005, the Atlantic LNG fourth production module or "train" for liquefied natural gas (LNG) began production. Train 4 has increased Atlantic LNG's overall output capacity by almost 50% and is among the largest LNG trains in the world at 5.2 million tons/year of LNG.
In 2002, methanol production reached 2,828.9 thousand tons, an increase of 1.4% from the previous year. Exports at 2,782.4 thousand tons were marginally lower than in the previous year
[5]. Work continued on the two large scale methanol plants at the Point Lisas Industrial Estate during 2002. The first of these, the Atlas methanol facility, is slated to come on stream by the first quarter of 2004. The process design on the second plant, the M5000, was completed during the year. The M5000 is the largest methanol plant in the world at this time
[6].
Reductions in subsidies to state enterprises have contributed to fiscal soundness and lent credibility to the government's ongoing
divestment program. Companies all or partially divested since 1987 include the National Fisheries Company, BWIA West Indies Airways, National Flour Mills (NFM), the Trinidad and Tobago
Electricity Commission, TT Methanol Company, Trinidad
Cement, the
Iron and
Steel Company of Trinidad and Tobago (ISCOTT), and the
Water and Sewerage Authority (WASA). BWIA has now been dissolved by the government and replaced by a new carrier. In May 1997, the government sold its remaining 69% interest in the Trinidad and Tobago Methanol Company to a consortium consisting of the local firm CL Financial and
Germany's Ferrostaal and Helm. NFM was divested by an additional 14% in 1997, bringing the government's holding down to 51%. The government is currently considering creating a holding company to bring its remaining shares in several formerly wholly government-owned enterprises to market.
Trinidad and Tobago's infrastructure is adequate by regional standards. The national airport has recently been expanded. There is an extensive network of paved roads, and utilities are fairly reliable in the cities. Some areas, however, especially rural districts, still suffer from water shortages, power failures, and inadequate
drainage. Some companies presently constructing large industrial plants at the Point Lisas Industrial Estate in central Trinidad are concerned that water supply to their plants will not be adequate. The government is addressing this problem with the construction of a
desalinization plant. Infrastructure improvement, especially rural roads and
bridges, rural
electrification and
telephone service, and drainage and sewerage, are among the government's
budget priorities, and are generously supported by the multilateral development agencies and the
European Union.
Telephone service is relatively modern and reliable, although higher priced than comparable U.S. service, since the government is contractually bound to the monopoly supplier TSTT (Telecommunication Services of Trinidad and Tobago Ltd., a joint venture between the State and Cable & Wireless (United Kingdom). Cellular service is widespread and has been the major area of growth for several years. Digicel and Laqtel were granted cellular licenses in 2005, breaking TSTT's monopoly. The
Internet has come into widespread use, although service can be slow at peak times. The government has been slow to open up this market to competition as well.
Trinidad and Tobago does not import or export any electricity. Conferences are being held by the government to find alternative energy sources, with a heavy focus on renewable energy.
The government's economic strategy is based on fiscal and monetary discipline, private sector investment, and export-led growth.
Demographics
Of the country's 1.3 million inhabitants (as of 2005), most (96%) reside on the island of Trinidad with most of the remainder (4%) in Tobago. The ethnic composition of Trinidad and Tobago reflects a history of conquest and immigration. Two major ethnic groups -
Indo-Trinidadians and
Afro-Trinidadians - account for almost 80% of the population, while people of
Mixed-race, Euro-Trinidadian/
European,
Chinese Trinidadian/
Chinese and Arab-Trinidadian/
Syrian-
Lebanese descent make up most of the rest of the population. According to the 1990 census, Indo-Trinidadians make up 40.3% of the population, Afro-Trinidadians 39.5%,
Mixed-race people 18.4%, Euro-Trinidadian 0.6% and Chinese, Syrians and others 1.2%. Euro-Trinidadians, especially those descendant of the former
plantocracy, are often referred to as
French Creoles, even if they are descended from Spanish, British, or German settlers. The mixed-race
Cocoa Payols are descendant of the original
Spanish settlers and later immigrants from
Venezuela. Today, the Trinidadian
Portuguese population includes both whites and mixed people. The small Amerindian population is largely mixed-race. The
Carib population, which is descendant of the indigenous inhabitants, is primarily organised around the
Santa Rosa Carib Community.
Emigration from Trinidad and Tobago, as with other Caribbean nations, has historically been high; most emigrants go to the
United States,
Canada and
Britain. Emigration has continued, albeit at a lower rate, even as the birth rate sharply dropped to levels typical of industrialised countries. Largely because of this phenomenon, as of 2007, Trinidad and Tobago has the second lowest
population growth rate in the world (-0.87%).
English is the country's only official language. The main spoken language is a
dialect or variety of English. The major spoken language in Tobago is
Tobagonian Creole English. Both languages contain elements from a number and variety of African languages; Trinidadian English, however, is also largely influenced by French and French Creole, Spanish (still spoken in the south of the island), and by Bhojpuri/Hindi (spoken in parts and bits among small groups within the community. The creole languages and other vernaculars are normally spoken in informal situations, and there is no formalized system of writing (other than as in standard English). English-speaking visitors generally have no problem understanding the local dialect. Although Patois (a variety of
French Creole) was once the most widely spoken language on the island (and also on the Venezuelan Paria coast), it is now rarely heard.
Due to Trinidad's location on the coast of
South America, the country has been slowly redeveloping a connection with the
Spanish-speaking peoples, but has been impeded by the fact that in 2004, only 1,500 inhabitants spoke Spanish. In 2004 the government initiated the ''Spanish as a First Foreign Language (SAFFL)'' initiative
[2], with a public launch in March 2005. Government regulations now require Spanish to be taught to all beginning at the primary school level, while thirty percent of public employees are to be linguistically competent within five years. Venezuelans often come to Trinidad and Tobago to learn English, and many English schools have expanded to feature both English and Spanish.
Because of the country's colonial heritage, the names of towns in Trinidad are in roughly equal proportions of English (Chatham, Brighton, Green Hill, St. Mary's), French (Blanchisseuse, Sans Souci, Point-a-Pierre, Basse Terre), Spanish (Puerto Espana, San Fernando, Sangre Grande, Rio Claro, San Juan,) and Amerindian (Guayaguayare, Carapichaima, Mucurapo, Chaguaramas). In Tobago, English names predominate.
Religion
Many different religions are present in Trinidad and Tobago. The largest two are the
Roman Catholics (26%) and
Hindus (22%); the
Anglicans (8%),
Muslims (6%),
Seventh-day Adventists (4%),
Presbyterians,
Jehovah's Witnesses and
Methodists are among the smaller faiths. Baha'is account for almost 2 percent of the population. Two
African syncretic faiths, the
Shouter or
Spiritual Baptists and the
Orisha faith (formerly called
Shangos, a less than complimentary term) are among the fastest growing religious groups, as are a host of
evangelical and
fundamentalist churches usually lumped as "
Pentecostal" by most Trinidadians (although this designation is often inaccurate).
Human rights
The
Cat o' nine tails is still used to flog prisoners, occasionally even women and boys under 16 - apparently in breach of the provisions of the "Corporal Punishment (Offenders over Sixteen) Act" of 1953. On 11 March, 2005 the Government of Trinidad & Tobago was ordered by the
Inter-American Court of Human Rights to pay US$ 50,000 for "moral damages" to a prisoner who had received 15 strokes of the "Cat" plus expenses for his medical and psychological care (http://www.worldlii.org/int/cases/IACHR/2005/4.html). It is unclear whether the Court's decisions were met. Prisoners sentenced to death for capital crimes used to be hanged, but recent attempts to execute persons sentenced to death have been blocked by the Privy Council, with sentences being commuted to life imprisonment.
Homosexual acts are illegal in Trinidad and Tobago (see
Gay rights in Trinidad and Tobago) and under Article 8 (18/1) of the Immigration Act, homosexuals are not allowed to enter the country. However, homosexuals have not been actively targeted under current law, but Trinidadian society is considerably less tolerant towards homosexuality than their European and American counterparts.
Culture
The Chaconia ''(Warszewiczia coccinea)'' flower is the national flower of Trinidad and Tobago.
Trinidad and Tobago is famous for its pre-
Lenten
Carnival. It is also the birthplace of
calypso music and the
steelpan, which is widely claimed to be the only acoustic musical instrument invented during the 20th century. The diverse cultural and religious background allows for many festivities and ceremonies throughout the year. Other indigenous art forms include
soca (a derivate of calypso),
Parang (Venezuelan-influenced Christmas music),
chutney,
Rapso music, which was made famous by
Cheryl Byron and
pichakaree (musical forms which blend the music of the Caribbean and India) and the famous
Limbo dance.
The artistic scene is vibrant. Trinidad and Tobago claims two
Nobel Prize-winning authors,
V. S. Naipaul and
St. Lucian-born
Derek Walcott. Mas' designer
Peter Minshall is renowned not only for his Carnival costumes, but also for his role in opening ceremonies of the
Barcelona Olympics, the
1994 Football World Cup, the
1996 Summer Olympics and the
2002 Winter Olympics, for which he won an
Emmy Award. Hasely Crawford was the first man from Trinidad and Tobago to win the Olympic Gold Medal in the men's 100 m dash.
Sport
'
Cricket:' Trinidad and Tobago plays both
one day international and
Test cricket as a member of the
West Indies team. The
national team plays at the
first-class level in regional competitions. Triple world record holder for the most runs scored in a Test and First class innings
Brian Lara is from Trinidad and Tobago.
'
Football:'
The national football team qualified for the
2006 FIFA World Cup by beating
Bahrain in
Manama on
16 November 2005, making them the smallest country ever (in terms of population) to qualify. This was their first successful qualification and brought their ranking to 51st in the World. The team, coached by
Dutchman Leo Beenhakker, drew their first group game - against Sweden in Dortmund - 0-0, but lost the second game to England on late goals 0-2. Because
Scotland did not qualify for the 2006 world cup, the
Tartan Army supported Trinidad and Tobago and made their own song (primarily about player
Jason Scotland) because they played England, Scotland's arch rival. They were eliminated after losing 2-0 to Paraguay in the last game of the Group Stage. Trinidad and Tobago was host to
2001 FIFA U-17 World Championship.
'
Horse Racing': Trinidad has Santa Rosa Park, a horse racing track. There is also goat racing and crab racing in Tobago.
'
Olympic Games:'
Main articles: Trinidad and Tobago at the Summer Olympics
Hasely Crawford won the first and only
Olympic gold medal for Trinidad and Tobago in the men's 100
m dash in the
1976 Summer Olympics. Nine different athletes from Trinidad and Tobago have won twelve medals at the Olympics, beginning with a
silver medal in
weightlifting, won by
Rodney Wilkes in
1948 [3], and most recently a bronze medal with by
George Bovell III
[4] in
2004.
Ato Boldon has won the most medals for Trinidad and Tobago with 4.
The card-game
All-Fours is sometimes described as the "Unofficial national sport".
'
Sailing:' As Trinidad and Tobago is just south of the hurricane belt it is very popular with international cruising yachtsmen, especially from August to October. Consequently there have been a number of repair centres and other facilities developed, the majority of these are situated in
Chaguaramas. This international community is also part of the tourism industry along with eco tours and carnival.
Holidays
The following holidays are observed in Trinidad and Tobago.
See also
Notes
1. Archipelagic Waters and Exclusive Economic Zone Act No 24 of 1986
2. Trinidad and Tobago ''US Dept. of State'' Retrieved August 6, 2007.
3. Trinidad and Tobago ''US Dept. of State'' Retrieved August 6, 2007.
4. Trinidad and Tobago ''US Dept. of State'' Retrieved August 6, 2007.
5. Annual Economic Survey Annual Economic Survey Annual Economic Survey ''Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago'' Retrieved August 6, 2007.
6. [ methanol plant in the world at this time. M5000 methanol plant] Southern Chemical corporation Retrieved August 6, 2007.
References
★ Besson, Gérard & Brereton, Bridget. 1992. ''The Book of Trinidad''. 2nd ed. Port of Spain: Paria Publishing Co. Ltd. ISBN 976-8054-36-0.
★ Mendes, John. 1986. '''Cote ce Cote la:' Trinidad & Tobago Dictionary''. Arima, Trinidad.
★ Saith, Radhica and Lyndersay, Mark. 1993. ''Why Not a Woman?'' Port of Spain: Paria Publishing Co. Ltd. ISBN 976-8054-42-5.
★
Article and downloadable pdf file on corporal punishment in Trinidad and Tobago by Harvard Law School
★
Inter-American Court of Human Rights orders Trinidad to pay compensation for flogging and humiliation of prisoners in March 2005
★
Amnesty International report recording use of Cat o' nine tails on woman and young boy in Trinidad
★
Inter-American Court of Human Rights' decisions and documents
★
ILGA
External links
★
Best of Trinidad and Tobago.com: Find everything you need in T&T !
★
Trinidad Cultural Website
★
Official Government Website
★
Central Statistical Office, Government of Trinidad and Tobago
★
National emblems of Trinidad and Tobago
★
Trini News
★
The Trinidad and Tobago Webdirectory
★
Trinidad and Tobago Online Community
★
Official Tourism Website
★
Official Tourism Website - Maps of Trinidad and Tobago
★
Select National Bibliography
★
Official Site of the Soca Warriors football team
★
Football - Soca Warriors Online
see also:
★
BBC Country Profiles: Trinidad and Tobago
★
CIA World Factbook: Trinidad and Tobago
★
Trinicenter.com
★
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