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(Redirected from Tran Dynasty)
The 'Trần Dynasty' (陳朝 Trần Triều; or vernacularly "Nhà Trần", meaning "the Trần Family") was a Vietnamese dynasty that ruled Vietnam (at that time known as ''Đại Việt'') from 1225 to 1400. They are credited with 3 victories over Mongol invasions, most notably a decisive battle at the Bạch Đằng River.
The dynasty began in 1225 when king Thái Tông ascended to the throne after overthrowing the Lý Dynasty. The dynasty ruled for a total of 175 years, ending in 1400 when king Thiếu Đế, then 5 years old, was forced to abdicate the throne in favor of his maternal grandfather Hồ Quý Ly.
The person who actually founded the Trần Dynasty was Trần Thủ Độ. When the Lý Dynasty was in a period of decline, much of the power fell into the hands of Trần Thủ Độ. After he forced Lý Chiêu Hoàng (then 7 years old) to abdicate the throne for her husband Trần Cảnh (then 8), the Trần Dynasty officially began. In their 175-year reign, the Trần rulers three times successfully led the Vietnamese people in their resistance against the invading Mongol forces of the Yuan Dynasty: in 1258, 1285, and 1288. (See Mongol invasions of Vietnam.) However, in their later years (from Emperor Dụ Tông on), the dynasty declined due to many reasons, foremost among them was the weakness and corruption of the civil service system. Finally, in 1400, Hồ Quý Ly usurped the throne, ending the Trầns' 175-year rule.
It was also under the Trần Dynasty that Vietnam started the southward expansion (Nam Tien) and a series of wars with its southern neighbor, Champa. The Đại Việt kingdom eventually emerged not only as winner in this series of wars but also prevented eastward expansion of the Indian-Thai influence.
The 'Trần Dynasty' (陳朝 Trần Triều; or vernacularly "Nhà Trần", meaning "the Trần Family") was a Vietnamese dynasty that ruled Vietnam (at that time known as ''Đại Việt'') from 1225 to 1400. They are credited with 3 victories over Mongol invasions, most notably a decisive battle at the Bạch Đằng River.
The dynasty began in 1225 when king Thái Tông ascended to the throne after overthrowing the Lý Dynasty. The dynasty ruled for a total of 175 years, ending in 1400 when king Thiếu Đế, then 5 years old, was forced to abdicate the throne in favor of his maternal grandfather Hồ Quý Ly.
| Contents |
| History |
| Period of decline and rise of Hồ Quý Ly |
| Trần rulers |
| Lineage |
History
The person who actually founded the Trần Dynasty was Trần Thủ Độ. When the Lý Dynasty was in a period of decline, much of the power fell into the hands of Trần Thủ Độ. After he forced Lý Chiêu Hoàng (then 7 years old) to abdicate the throne for her husband Trần Cảnh (then 8), the Trần Dynasty officially began. In their 175-year reign, the Trần rulers three times successfully led the Vietnamese people in their resistance against the invading Mongol forces of the Yuan Dynasty: in 1258, 1285, and 1288. (See Mongol invasions of Vietnam.) However, in their later years (from Emperor Dụ Tông on), the dynasty declined due to many reasons, foremost among them was the weakness and corruption of the civil service system. Finally, in 1400, Hồ Quý Ly usurped the throne, ending the Trầns' 175-year rule.
It was also under the Trần Dynasty that Vietnam started the southward expansion (Nam Tien) and a series of wars with its southern neighbor, Champa. The Đại Việt kingdom eventually emerged not only as winner in this series of wars but also prevented eastward expansion of the Indian-Thai influence.
Period of decline and rise of Hồ Quý Ly
Trần rulers
| Temple name (''Miếu Hiệu'') | Era name (''Niên Hiệu'') | Name | Birth - Death | Reign | Posthumous name (''Thụy Hiệu'') | Royal tomb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 太宗 Thái Tông | 建中 Kiến Trung (1226-1232) 天應政平 Thiên Ứng Chính Bình (1232-1251) 元豐 Nguyên Phong (1251-1258) | 陳煚 Trần Cảnh | 1218-1277 | 1226-1258 | 統天御極隆功茂德顯和佑順神文聖武元孝皇帝 Thống thiên ngự cực long công mậu đức hiển hòa hựu thuận thần văn thánh vũ nguyên hiếu hoàng đế | 昭陵 Chiêu Lăng |
| 聖宗 Thánh Tông | 紹隆 Thiệu Long (1258-1272) 寶符 Bảo Phù (1273-1278) | 陳晃 Trần Hoảng | 1240-1291 | 1258-1278 | 玄功盛德仁明文武宣孝皇帝 Huyền công thịnh đức nhân minh văn vũ tuyên hiếu hoàng đế | 裕陵 Dụ Lăng |
| 仁宗 Nhân Tông | 紹寶 Thiệu Bảo (1278-1285) 重興 Trùng Hưng (1285-1293) | 陳昑 Trần Khâm | 1258-1308 | 1278-1293 | 法天崇道應世化民隆慈顯惠聖文神武元明睿孝皇帝 Pháp Thiên Sùng Đạo Ứng Thế Hoa Dân Long Từ Hiển Huệ Thánh Văn Thần Vũ Nguyên Minh Duệ Hiếu Hoàng đế | 德陵 Đức Lăng |
| 英宗 Anh Tông | 興隆 Hưng Long | 陳烇 Trần Thuyên | 1276-1320 | 1293-1314 | 顯文睿武欽明仁孝皇帝 Hiển Văn Duệ Vũ Khâm Minh Nhân Hiếu Hoàng đế | 泰陵 Thái Lăng |
| 明宗 Minh Tông | 大慶 Đại Khánh (1314-1323) 開泰 Khai Thái (1324-1329) | 陳奣 Trần Mạnh | 1300-1357 | 1314-1329 | 章堯文哲皇帝 Chương Nghêu Văn Triết hoàng đế | 穆陵 Mục Lăng |
| 憲宗 Hiến Tông | 開佑 Khai Hựu | 陳旺 Trần Vượng | 1319-1341 | 1329-1341 | ? | 昌安陵 Xương An Lăng |
| 裕宗 Dụ Tông | 紹豐 Thiệu Phong (1341-1357) 大治 Đại Trị (1358-1369) | 陳暭 Trần Hạo | 1336-1369 | 1341-1369 | ? | 阜陵 Phụ Lăng |
| - | 大定 Đại Định | 楊日禮 Dương Nhật Lễ | ?-1370 | 1369-1370 | dethroned 昏德公 Hôn Đức Công | killed |
| 藝宗 Nghệ Tông | 紹慶 Thiệu Khánh | 陳暊 Trần Phủ | 1321-1394 | 1370-1372 | 光堯英哲皇帝 Quang Nghiêu Anh Triết Hoàng Đế | 原陵 Nguyên Lăng |
| 睿宗 Duệ Tông | 隆慶 Long Khánh | 陳曔 Trần Kính | ?-1377 | 1373-1377 | ? | 熙陵 Hy Lăng |
| - | 昌符 Xương Phù | 陳晛 Trần Hiện | 1361-1388 | 1377-1388 | 廢帝 Phế Đế(dethroned), relegated to Linh Đức Vương | An Bài Mountain |
| 順宗 Thuận Tông | 光泰 Quang Thái | 陳顒 Trần Ngung | 1378-1399 | 1388-1398 | forced to abdicate and commit suicide | Yên Sinh tomb |
| - | 建新 Kiến Tân | Trần An | 1396-? | 1398-1400 | 少帝 Thiếu Đế overthrown by Hồ Quý Lý relegated to Bảo Ninh Đại Vương | ? |
Lineage
| 1 'Trần Thái Tông' 1226 - 1258 | ||||||||||||||
| 2 'Trần Thánh Tông' 1258 - 1278 | ||||||||||||||
| 3 'Trần Nhân Tông' 1278 - 1293 | ||||||||||||||
| 4 'Trần Anh Tông' 1293 - 1314 | ||||||||||||||
| 5 'Trần Minh Tông' 1314 - 1329 | ||||||||||||||
| 8 'Trần Nghệ Tông' 1370 - 1372 | 6 'Trần Hiến Tông' 1329 - 1341 | 7 'Trần Dụ Tông' 1341 - 1369 | 9 'Trần Duệ Tông' 1373 - 1377 | |||||||||||
| 11 'Trần Thuận Tông' 1388 - 1398 | 10 'Trần Phế Đế' 1377 - 1388 | |||||||||||||
| 12 'Trần Thiếu Đế' 1398 - 1400 | ||||||||||||||
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