(Redirected from Timeline of invention)
This is a chronological list of particularly important or significant
inventions.
''Note:'' Dates for inventions are often controversial. Inventions are often invented by several inventors around the same time, or may be invented in an impractical form many years before another inventor improves the invention into a practical form. Where there is ambiguity, the date of the first working version of the invention is used here.
==
Paleolithic Era==
★ Indeterminate:
Music,
Language
★ 2.4
Ma BP:
Olduwan - struck
stone tools, in
East Africa
★ 1.65 Ma:
Acheulean - struck and reworked
stone tools, in
Kenya
★ 1.4 Ma:
Knife in
Ethiopia
★ 1 ka: Controlled
fire and
sterilization of food and water (
cooking) in
East Africa
★ 500 ka:
Shelter construction
[1]
★ 100-500 ka:
Clothing
★ 400 ka:
Pigments in
Zambia [2]
★ 400 ka:
Spears in
Germany [3]
★ 200 ka:
Burial in Africa
★ 100 ka:
Lithic blades in Africa and the
Near East
★ 60 ka:
Ships probably used by settlers of
New Guinea
★ 50 ka:
Flute in
Slovenia
★ 50 ka:
Bow in
Tunisia [4] [5]
★ 43 ka:
Mining in
Swaziland and
Hungary
★ 37 ka:
Tally sticks in
Swaziland [6]
★ 30 ka:
Sewing needles
★ 26 ka:
Ceramics in
Moravia
★ 25 ka:
Atlatl in
Northwest Africa [7]
★ 17 ka: twisted
Rope (probably much earlier)
★ 12 ka:
Basket weaving
★ 12 ka:
Pottery in
Japan
==
10th millennium BC==
★
Agriculture in the
Fertile Crescent
★
Alcoholic beverages in the
Fertile Crescent
★
Adobe in the
Near East
★ 9500 BC:
Granary in the
Jordan Valley
==
9th millennium BC==
★ 8700 BC:
Metalworking (
copper pendant) in
Mesopotamia (
Iraq)
★ 8000 BC:
Wall (
Jericho)
==
8th millennium BC==
★
Animal husbandry in the
Near East
★
Plaster in
Jericho
==
7th millennium BC==
★ 7000 BC:
Drill in
Mehrgarh
★ 7000 BC: Bow drill in Mehrgarh
★ 7000 BC: Dental drill in Mehrgarh (Pakistan)[Stone age man used dentist drill. BBC News.]
★ 7000 BC: Surgery in Mehrgarh
★ 7000 BC: Dental surgery in Mehrgarh
★ 6200 BC: Map in Çatalhöyük
★ Cloth woven from flax fiber
==6th millennium BC==
★ Irrigation in the Fertile Crescent
★ Ploughs in Mesopotamia (Iraq)
==5th millennium BC==
★ Beer and bread in Egypt
★ Wheel and axle combination in Mesopotamia
==4th millennium BC==
★ 4000 BC: Canal in Mesopotamia
★ 3800s BC: Engineered roadway in England
★ 3500 BC: Plywood in Egypt
★ 3500 BC: Writing in Sumer
★ 3500 BC: Carts in Sumer
★ 3100 BC: Drainage in the Indus Valley Civilization (India/Pakistan)
★ 3000 BC: Sailing
★ Bronze: Susa (Iran)
★ Silk in China
★ Cement in Egypt
★ River boats in Egypt
★ Noodle in China
★ Comb in Persia (very refined combs; so probably older)
==3rd millennium BC==
★ 2800 BC: Button in the Indus Valley Civilization
★ 2800 BC: Soap in Mesopotamia
★ 2630-2611 BC: Pyramid: Imhotep in Egypt
★ 2630-2611 BC: Step pyramid: Imhotep in Egypt
★ 2600s BC: Papyrus: Imhotep in Egypt
★ 2600s BC: Suture: Imhotep in Egypt
★ 2600s BC: Pharmaceutical cream: Imhotep in Egypt
★ 2600 BC: Chariot in Mesopotamia
★ 2600 BC: Artificial sewage system in the Indus Valley Civilization
★ 2600 BC: Toilet in the Indus Valley Civilization
★ 2500 BC: Flush toilet in the Indus Valley Civilization
★ 2500 BC: Arch in Mohenjo-daro (Indus Valley Civilization)[1]
★ 2400 BC: Shipyard in Lothal (Indus Valley Civilization)
★ 2000 BC: Currency
★ Dagger in Near East
★ Sickle-sword in Sumer
★ Alphabet in Egypt
★ Candles in Egypt
★ Sledges in Scandinavia
==2nd millennium BC==
★ Perfume: Tapputi in Mesopotamia
★ Bronze Age sword in Mesopotamia
★ Glass in Egypt
★ Rubber in Mesoamerica
★ Spoked-wheel chariot: Indo-Iranians
★ Water clock in Egypt
★ Bells in China
★ 1000s BC: Coins in China
==1st millennium BC==
★ Catapult in Near East
★ South Pointing Chariot in China
★ Differential gear in China and Greek island of Antikythera
★ Stupa in India
★ Blowgun in India[Lynn Townsend White, Jr. (April 1960). "Tibet, India, and Malaya as Sources of Western Medieval Technology", ''The American Historical Review'' '65' (3), p. 521.]
★ Iron pellet in India
★ 500s BC: Sugar in India
★ 500s BC: Dental bridge in Etruria
★ 500s BC: Kite in China
★ 500s BC: Trebuchet in China
★ 475 BC: Scythed Chariot: Ajatashatru in India
★ 500s BC: Plastic surgery: Sushruta in India
★ 500s BC: Cosmetic surgery: Sushruta in India
★ 400s BC: Football: in China
★ 350 BC: Water wheel in India[Joseph Needham (1986). ''Science and Civilization in China: Volume 4, Part 2'', p. 361. Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd.]
★ 350 BC: Watermill in India
★ 300s BC: Compass in China
★ 300s BC: Screw: Archytas
★ 200s BC: Compound pulley: Archimedes
★ 200s BC: Odometer: Archimedes?
★ 150s BC: Clockwork (Antikythera mechanism)
★ 150s BC: Astrolabe: Hipparchus in Asia Minor
★ 100s BC: Big-toe stirrup in India[2]
★ 100s BC: Parchment in Pergamon
★ 1st century BC: Glassblowing in Syria
★ 1st century BC: Trip hammer in China
★ 40 BC: Rolling-element bearing in Roman ship
★ Chaturaji in India
★ Chaturanga in India
★ Xiangqi in China
★ Baghdad Battery in Mesopotamia (Iraq)
★ Electric battery in Mesopotamia (Iraq)
==1st millennium==
★ 50: Mouldboard plough in Gaul
★ 100s: Aeolipile : Egypt by Hero of Alexandria
★ 105: Paper: Cai Lun in China[3]
★ 132: Rudimentary Seismometer: Zhang Heng in China
★ 200s: Kongming lantern (Hot air balloon) in China
★ 200s: Horseshoes in Germany
★ 300: Wootz steel in India
★ 300s: Toothpaste in Egypt
★ 400s: Horse collar in China
★ 500-1000: Spinning wheel in India[4]
★ 589: Toilet paper in China
★ 673: Greek fire: Kallinikos of Heliopolis
★ 700: Quill pen
★ 700s: Brass astrolabe: Muhammad al-Fazari[5]
★ 721-815: Alembic: Geber in Iraq[Ahmad Y Hassan, Alcohol and the Distillation of Wine in Arabic Sources.]
★ 721-815: Still: Geber
★ 721-815: Distilled alcohol: Geber
★ 721-815: Distilled wine: Geber
★ 721-815: Distilled beverage: Geber
★ 725: Clockwork escapement mechanism: Yi Xing of China
★ 800-873: Valve: Banū Mūsā in Iraq[Otto Mayr (1970). ''The Origins of Feedback Control'', MIT Press.]
★ 800-873: Float valve: Banū Mūsā
★ 800-873: Feedback controller: Banū Mūsā
★ 800-873: Automatic flute player: Banū Mūsā[Teun Koetsier (2001). "On the prehistory of programmable machines: musical automata, looms, calculators", ''Mechanism and Machine theory'' '36', p. 590-591.]
★ 800-873: Programmable machine: Banū Mūsā
★ 810-887: Glass from stones: Abbas Ibn Firnas in al-Andalus
★ 810-887: Eye glasses: Abbas Ibn Firnas[Dr. Kasem Ajram (1992). ''Miracle of Islamic Science'', Appendix B. Knowledge House Publishers. ISBN 0911119434.]
★ 810-887: Watch: Abbas Ibn Firnas
★ 810-887: Metronome: Abbas Ibn Firnas
★ 852: Parachute: Abbas Ibn Firnas in al-Andalus
★ 875: Hang glider: Abbas Ibn Firnas
★ c. 865-900: Kerosene: Al-Razi (Rhazes) in Iraq
★ c. 865-900: Kerosene lamp: Al-Razi
★ 865-925: Hard soap: Al-Razi[The invention of cosmetics. ''1001 Inventions''.]
★ 800s: Injection syringe: Ammar ibn Ali al-Mawsili in Iraq
★ 800s: Quadrant in Iraq[6]
★ 800s: Windmill in Persia[7]
★ 800s: Gunpowder in China
★ 900s: Banknote in China
★ 953: Fountain pen in Egypt
★ 994: Sextant: Abu-Mahmud al-Khujandi in Persia[8]
★ Coffee: Khalid in Ethiopia
★ Fore-and-aft rig in India
★ Lateen in India[Ronald Watkins. ''Unknown Seas'', p. 15.]
★ Shogi in Japan
★ Porcelain in China
★ Woodblock printing in China
★ Prayer wheel: Tibet[9]
★ Shatranj in Persia
★ Paned window in the Arab Empire[Fielding H. Garrison, ''History of Medicine'':]
★ Street lamp in the Arab Empire
★ Retort in the Arab Empire
★ Sherbet in the Arab Empire
★ Soft drink in the Arab Empire
★ Mercury escapement mechanism in the Middle East
==2nd millennium
=11th century===
★ c. 1000: Pendulum: Ibn Yunus in Egypt[10]
★ 1000: Ligature: Abu al-Qasim (Abulcasis) in al-Andalus
★ 1000: Forceps: Abu al-Qasim[11]
★ 1000: Plaster: Abu al-Qasim[12]
★ 1000: Curette: Abu al-Qasim[Khaled al-Hadidi (1978), "The Role of Muslem Scholars in Oto-rhino-Laryngology", ''The Egyptian Journal of O.R.L.'' '4' (1), p. 1-15. (cf. Ear, Nose and Throat Medical Practice in Muslim Heritage, Foundation for Science Technology and Civilization.)]
★ 1000: Retractor: Abu al-Qasim
★ 1000: Scalpel: Abu al-Qasim
★ 1000: Sound: Abu al-Qasim
★ 1000: Surgical needle: Abu al-Qasim[A. I. Makki. "Needles & Pins", ''AlShindagah'' '68', Januray-February 2006.]
★ 1000: Surgical catgut: Abu al-Qasim
★ 1000: Surgical hook: Abu al-Qasim
★ 1000: Surgical rod: Abu al-Qasim
★ 1000: Surgical spoon: Abu al-Qasim
★ c. 1000-1037: Thermometer: Avicenna (Ibn Sina) in Persia[13]
★ c. 1000-1037: Steam distillation: Avicenna
★ c. 1000-1037: Essential oil: Avicenna
★ c. 1000-1048: Orthographical astrolabe: Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī in Persia
★ c. 1000-1048: Planisphere: Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī[Khwarizm, Foundation for Science Technology and Civilisation.]
★ c. 1000-1048: Laboratory flask: Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī[Robert E. Hall (1973). "Al-Khazini", ''Dictionary of Scientific Biography'', Vol. VII, p. 346.]
★ c. 1000-1048: Pycnometer: Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī
★ c. 1000-1048: Conical measure: Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī[14]
★ 1011-1021: Parabolic mirror: Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen) in Iraq
★ 1011-1021: Pinhole camera: Ibn al-Haytham
★ 1011-1021: Camera obscura: Ibn al-Haytham[Nicholas J. Wade, Stanley Finger (2001), "The eye as an optical instrument: from camera obscura to Helmholtz's perspective", ''Perception'' '30' (10), p. 1157-1177.]
★ 1028-1087: Equatorium: Arzachel (Al-Zarqali) in al-Andalus[15]
★ 1028-1087: Saphaea: Arzachel
★ 1038-1075: Noria with flywheel: Ibn Bassal in al-Andalus[16]
★ 1041: Movable type printing press: Bi Sheng in China
★ 1088: Mechanical clock: Su Song
★ 1088: Clock tower: Su Song
★ 1088: Magnetic compass described by Shen Kuo in China
★ Mechanical astrolabe: Ibn Samh in al-Andalus[17]
★ Glass mirror in al-Andalus
===12th century===
★ c. 1100: Framed bead abacus in China
★ 1100-1161: Tracheotomy: Ibn Zuhr (Avenzoar) in al-Andalus
★ 1119: Watertight hull compartment: Zhu Yu in China
★ 1121: Steelyard: Al-Khazini in Persia
★ 1121: Hydrostatic balance: Al-Khazini
★ 1126: Fire arrow: Li Gang in China
★ 1126: Rocket: Li Gang
★ 1128: Cannon in China and Europe
★ 1135-1200: Linear astrolabe: Sharaf al-Dīn al-Tūsī in Persia[18]
★ 1154: Striking clock: Al-Kaysarani in Syria[19]
===13th century===
★ c. 1200: Combination lock: Al-Jazari in Iraq (Mesopotamia)[Paul Vallely, How Islamic Inventors Changed the World, ''The Independent, 11 Mar 2006.]
★ 1206: Clock automaton: Al-Jazari
★ 1206: Flow control regulator: Al-Jazari
★ 1206: Closed-loop system: Al-Jazari
★ 1206: Elephant clock: Al-Jazari
★ 1206: Weight-driven mechanical clock: Al-Jazari
★ 1206: Hand washing device: Al-Jazari
★ 1206: Kitchen appliance: Al-Jazari
★ 1206: Cam: Al-Jazari
★ 1206: Camshaft: Al-Jazari[20]
★ 1206: Crankshaft: Al-Jazari
★ 1206: Crank mechanism: Al-Jazari[Ahmad Y Hassan. The Crank-Connecting Rod System in a Continuously Rotating Machine.]
★ 1206: Connecting rod: Al-Jazari
★ 1206: Segmental gear: Al-Jazari[21]
★ 1206: Suction pipe: Al-Jazari
★ 1206: Suction piston pump: Al-Jazari[Ahmad Y Hassan. The Origin of the Suction Pump - Al-Jazari 1206 A.D.]
★ 1206: Reciprocating piston engine: Al-Jazari
★ 1206: Double-acting engine: Al-Jazari
★ 1206: Humanoid robot: Al-Jazari
★ 1206: Programmable robot: Al-Jazari[A 13th Century Programmable Robot. University of Sheffield.]
★ 1275: Torpedo: Hasan al-Rammah of Syria[Arslan Terzioglu (2007). "The First Attempts of Flight, Automatic Machines, Submarines and Rocket Technology in Turkish History", ''The Turks'' (ed. H. C. Guzel), p. 804-810.]
★ 1297-1298: Wooden movable type printing: Wang Zhen of China
★ Sandpaper in China
★ Solid-fuel rocket in China
★ Condom in Italy
===14th century===
★ 1350: Suspension bridges in Peru
★ Western chess in Italy
★ Spherical astrolabe in the Middle East
===15th century===
★ Arquebus and Rifle in Europe
★ 1441: Rain gauge: Jang Yeong-sil
★ 1450s: Alphabetic movable type printing press: Johann Gutenberg
★ 1451: Concave lens for eyeglasses: Nicholas of Cusa
★ 1490 - 1492: Globe "Nürnberg Terrestrial Globe" by German mapmaker Martin Behaim
===16th century===
★ c. 1500: Ball bearing: Leonardo Da Vinci
★ c. 1500: Scissors: Leonardo Da Vinci
★ 1510: Pocket watch: Peter Henlein
★ 1540: Ether: Valerius Cordus
★ 1551: Steam turbine: Taqi al-Din in Egypt[22]
★ 1576: Ironclad warship: Oda Nobunaga
★ 1582: Gregorian calendar: multiple inventors
★ 1589: Stocking frame: William Lee
★ 1593: Thermoscope: Galileo Galilei
★ Musket in Europe
★ Pencil in England
===17th century===
★ 1608: Telescope: Hans Lippershey
★ 1609: Microscope: Galileo Galilei
★ 1620: Slide rule: William Oughtred
★ 1623: Automatic calculator: Wilhelm Schickard
★ 1630-1632: Artificial wings: Hezarfen Ahmet Celebi in Turkey
★ 1631: Vernier scale: Pierre Vernier
★ 1633: Manned rocket: Lagari Hasan Çelebi in Turkey
★ 1642: Adding machine: Blaise Pascal
★ 1643: Barometer: Evangelista Torricelli
★ 1645: Vacuum pump: Otto von Guericke
★ 1657: Pendulum clock: Christiaan Huygens
★ 1672: Steam car: Ferdinand Verbiest[23][24]
★ 1679: Pressure cooker: Denis Papin
★ 1698: Steam engine: Thomas Savery
★ 1700: Piano: Bartolomeo Cristofori
===18th century===
★ 1701: Seed drill: Jethro Tull
★ 1709: Iron smelting using coke: Abraham Darby I
★ 1712: Steam piston engine: Thomas Newcomen
★ 1710: Réaumur thermometer: René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur
★ 1711: Tuning fork: John Shore
★ 1714: Mercury thermometer: Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit
★ 1733: Flying shuttle: John Kay
★ 1742: Franklin stove: Benjamin Franklin
★ 1750: Flatboat: Jacob Yoder
★ 1752: Lightning rod: Benjamin Franklin
★ 1759: Shampoo: Sake Dean Mahomet of Bengal
★ 1764: Spinning jenny: James Hargreaves/Thomas Highs
★ 1767: Carbonated water: Joseph Priestley
★ 1769: Water frame: Richard Arkwright/Thomas Highs
★ 1769: Steam car: Nicolas Cugnot
★ 1775: Submarine Turtle: David Bushnell
★ 1776: Steamboat: Claude de Jouffroy
★ 1776: Watt steam engine: James Watt
★ 1777: Card teeth making machine: Oliver Evans
★ 1777: Circular saw: Samuel Miller
★ 1779: Spinning mule: Samuel Crompton
★ 1780s: Iron rocket: Tipu Sultan of India
★ 1783: Parachute: Jean Pierre Blanchard
★ 1783: Hot air balloon: Montgolfier brothers
★ 1784: Bifocals: Benjamin Franklin
★ 1784: Argand lamp: Ami Argand
★ 1784: Shrapnel shell: Henry Shrapnel
★ 1785: Power loom: Edmund Cartwright
★ 1785: Automatic flour mill: Oliver Evans
★ 1786: Threshing machine: Andrew Meikle
★ 1791: Artificial teeth: Nicholas Dubois De Chemant
★ 1793: Cotton gin: Eli Whitney
★ 1793: Optical telegraph: Claude Chappe
★ 1798: Vaccination: Edward Jenner
★ 1798: Lithography: Alois Senefelder
★ 1799: Seeding machine: Eliakim Spooner
===19th century
1800s
★ 1801: Jacquard loom: Joseph Marie Jacquard
★ 1802: Screw propeller steamboat ''Phoenix'': John Stevens
★ 1802: Gas stove: Zachäus Andreas Winzler
★ 1804: Locomotive: Richard Trevithick
★ 1805: Submarine Nautilus: Robert Fulton
★ 1807: Steamboat Clermont: Robert Fulton
★ 1808: Band saw: William Newberry
★ 1809: Arc lamp: Humphry Davy
1810s
★ 1814: Steam Locomotive ''(Blücher)'': George Stephenson
★ 1816: Miner's safety lamp: Humphry Davy
★ 1816: Stirling engine: Robert Stirling
★ 1816: Stethoscope: Rene Theophile Hyacinthe Laennec
★ 1817: Draisine or velocipede (two-wheeled): Karl Drais
★ 1817: Kaleidoscope: David Brewster
1820s
★ 1821: Electric motor: Michael Faraday
★ 1823: Electromagnet: William Sturgeon
★ 1824: Portland cement: William Aspdin
★ 1826: Photography: Joseph Nicéphore Niépce
★ 1826: Internal combustion engine: Samuel Morey
★ 1827: Screw propeller: Josef Ressel
★ 1827: Friction match: John Walker
1830s
★ 1830: Lawn mower: Edwin Beard Budding
★ 1830: Stenotype on punched paper strip: Karl Drais
★ 1831: Multiple coil magnet: Joseph Henry
★ 1831: Magnetic acoustic telegraph: Joseph Henry (patented 1837)
★ 1831: Reaper: Cyrus McCormick
★ 1831: Electrical generator: Michael Faraday, Ányos Jedlik
★ 1834: The Hansom cab is patented
★ 1834: Louis Braille perfects his Braille system
★ 1834: Refrigerator: Jacob Perkins
★ 1834: Combine harvester: Hiram Moore
★ 1835: Revolver: Samuel Colt
★ 1835: Morse code: Samuel Morse
★ 1835: Electromechanical Relay: Joseph Henry
★ 1835: Incandescent light bulb: James Bowman Lindsay
★ 1836: Samuel Colt receives a patent for the Colt revolver (February 24)
★ 1836: Sewing machine: Josef Madersberger
★ 1837: US electric printing press patented by Thomas Davenport (February 25)
★ 1837: Steel plow: John Deere
★ 1837: Standard diving dress: Augustus Siebe
★ 1837: Camera Zoom Lens: Jozef Maximilián Petzval
★ 1837: Magnetic telegraph: Samuel Morse
★ 1838: Electric telegraph: Charles Wheatstone (also Samuel Morse)
★ 1838: closed diving suit with a helmet: Augustus Siebe
★ 1839: Vulcanization of rubber: Charles Goodyear
1840s
★ 1840: Screw-propelled frigate, USS ''Princeton'': John Ericsson
★ 1840: artificial fertilizer: Justus von Liebig
★ 1842 Superphosphate fertilizer: John Bennett Lawes
★ 1842: Morse Code: Samuel Morse
★ 1842: Anaesthesia: Crawford Long
★ 1843: Typewriter: Charles Thurber
★ 1843: Fax machine: Alexander Bain
★ 1843: Ice cream maker: Nancy Johnson
★ 1845: Pneumatic tyre: Robert Thomson (inventor)
★ 1846: Sewing machine: Elias Howe
★ 1846: Rotary printing press: Richard M. Hoe
★ 1849: Safety pin: Walter Hunt
★ 1849: Francis turbine: James B. Francis
★ 1849: Telephone: Antonio Meucci
1850s
★ 1852: Airship: Henri Giffard
★ 1852: Passenger elevator: Elisha Otis
★ 1852: Gyroscope: Léon Foucault
★ 1855: Bunsen burner: Robert Bunsen
★ 1855: Bessemer process: Henry Bessemer
★ 1856: Celluloid: Alexander Parkes
★ 1858: Undersea telegraph cable: Fredrick Newton Gisborne
★ 1858: Mason jar: John L. Mason
★ 1859: Oil drill: Edwin L. Drake
★ 1859: Lead acid battery: Gaston Plante
1860s
★ 1860: Linoleum: Fredrick Walton
★ 1860: Repeating rifle: Oliver F. Winchester, Christopher Spencer
★ 1860: Self-propelled torpedo: Giovanni Luppis
★ 1861: Ironclad USS Monitor: John Ericsson
★ 1861: Siemens regenerative furnace: Carl Wilhelm Siemens
★ 1862: Revolving machine gun: Richard J. Gatling
★ 1862: Mechanical submarine: Narcís Monturiol i Estarriol
★ 1862: Pasteurization: Louis Pasteur, Claude Bernard
★ 1863: Player piano: Henri Fourneaux
★ 1864: Concept typewriter: Peter Mitterhofer
★ 1865: Roller Coaster: LaMarcus Adna Thompson
★ 1865: Barbed wire: Louis Jannin
★ 1866: Dynamite: Alfred Nobel
★ 1868: Practical typewriter: Christopher Sholes, Carlos Glidden and Samuel W. Soule, with assistance from James Densmore
★ 1868: Air brake (rail): George Westinghouse
★ 1868: Oleomargarine: Mege Mouries
★ 1869: Vacuum cleaner: I.W. McGaffers
1870s
★ 1870: Magic Lantern projector: Henry R. Heyl
★ 1870: Stock ticker: Thomas Alva Edison
★ 1870: Mobile Gasoline Engine, fitted to a cart precursor to 1888 automobile: Siegfried Marcus
★ 1871: Cable car (railway): Andrew S. Hallidie
★ 1872: Celluloid (later development): John W. Hyatt
★ 1872: Adding machine: Edmund D. Barbour
★ 1873: Railway knuckle coupler: Eli H. Janney
★ 1873: Modern direct current electric motor: Zénobe Gramme
★ 1874: Electric street car: Stephen Dudle Field
★ 1875: Dynamo: William A. Anthony
★ 1875: Magazine (firearm): Benjamin B. Hotchkiss
★ 1876: Carpet sweeper: Melville Bissell
★ 1876: Gasoline carburettor: Daimler
★ 1876: Loudspeaker: Alexander Graham Bell
★ 1877: Stapler: Henry R. Heyl
★ 1877: Induction motor: Nikola Tesla
★ 1877: Phonograph: Thomas Alva Edison
★ 1877: Microphone: Emile Berliner
★ 1878: Cathode ray tube: William Crookes
★ 1878: Rebreather: Henry Fleuss
★ 1879: Pelton turbine: Lester Pelton
★ 1879: Automobile engine: Karl Benz
★ 1879: Cash register: James Ritty
★ 1879: Automobile (Patent): George B. Seldon
1880s
★ 1880: Photophone: Alexander Graham Bell
★ 1880: Roll film: George Eastman
★ 1880: Safety razor: Kampfe Brothers
★ 1880: Seismograph: John Milne
★ 1881: Metal detector: Alexander Graham Bell
★ 1882: Electric fan: Schuyler Skaats Wheeler
★ 1883: two-phase (alternating current) induction motor: Nikola Tesla
★ 1884: Linotype machine: Ottmar Mergenthaler
★ 1884: Fountain pen: Lewis Waterman
★ 1884: Punched card accounting: Herman Hollerith
★ 1884: Trolley car, (electric): Frank Sprague, Charles Van Depoele
★ 1885: Automobile patent granted (internal combustion engine powered): Karl Benz, first automobile put into production
★ 1885: Maxim gun: Hiram Stevens Maxim
★ 1885: Motorcycle: Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach
★ 1885: Alternating current transformer: William Stanley
★ 1886: Dishwasher: Josephine Cochrane
★ 1886: Gasoline engine: Gottlieb Daimler
★ 1886: Improved phonograph cylinder: Tainter & Bell
★ 1887: Monotype machine: Tolbert Lanston
★ 1887: Contact lens: Adolf E. Fick, Eugène Kalt and August Muller
★ 1887: Gramophone record: Emile Berliner
★ 1888: Polyphase AC Electric power system: Nikola Tesla (30 related patents.)
★ 1888: Kodak hand camera: George Eastman
★ 1888: Ballpoint pen: John Loud
★ 1888: Harvester-thresher: Matteson (?)
★ 1888: Kinematograph: Augustin Le Prince
★ 1888: Automobile Mobile Gasoline Engine: Siegfried Marcus
★ 1889: Automobile, (steam): Sylvester Roper
★ 1889: Automobile, (gasoline): Gottlieb Daimler
1890s
★ 1891: Thermal cracking process: Vladimir Shukhov
★ 1891: Zipper: Whitcomb L. Judson
★ 1891: Carborundum: Edward G. Acheson
★ 1892: Color photography: Frederic E. Ives
★ 1892: Automatic telephone exchange (electromechanical): Almon Strowger - First in commercial service.
★ 1893: Carburetor: Donát Bánki and János Csonka
★ 1893: Wireless communication: Nikola Tesla
★ 1893: Radio: Nikola Tesla
★ 1894: Radio transmission: Jagdish Chandra Bose in Bengal
★ 1895: Diesel engine: Rudolf Diesel
★ 1895: Radiotelegraph: Guglielmo Marconi
★ 1895: Shredded Wheat: Henry Perky
★ 1896: Vitascope: Thomas Armat
★ 1896: Electric stove: William S. Hadaway
★ 1897: Modern escalator: Jesse W. Reno
★ 1898: Tapered roller bearing: Henry Timken
★ 1898: Remote control: Nikola Tesla
★ 1899: Iron-Mercury coherer with telephone detector: Jagdish Chandra Bose in Bengal
★ 1899: Automobile self starter: Clyde J. Coleman
★ 1899: Magnetic tape recorder: Valdemar Poulsen
★ 1899: Gas turbine: Charles Curtis
===20th century
1900s
★ 1900: Rigid dirigible airship: Ferdinand Graf von Zeppelin
★ 1900: Self-heating can
★ 1900s: Microwave optics: Jagdish Chandra Bose in Bengal
★ 1901: Mercury vapor lamp: Peter C. Hewitt
★ 1901: Disposable razor blade: King C. Gillette
★ 1901: Vacuum cleaner: Hubert Booth
★ 1902: Ostwald process: Wilhelm Ostwald
★ 1902: Air Conditioner: Willis Carrier
★ 1902: Neon lamp: Georges Claude
★ 1902: Radio telephone: Poulsen Reginald Fessenden
★ 1902: Rayon cellulose ester: Arthur D. Little
★ 1903: Electrocardiograph (EKG): Willem Einthoven
★ 1903: Powered Monoplane: Richard Pearse
★ 1903: Powered airplane: Wilbur Wright and Orville Wright
★ 1904: Thermionic valve: John Ambrose Fleming
★ 1904: Separable Attachment Plug: Harvey Hubbell
★ 1904: Tractor: Benjamin Holt
★ 1905: Radio tube diode: John Ambrose Fleming
★ 1906: Sonar (first device): Lewis Nixon
★ 1906: Triode amplifier: Lee DeForest
★ 1907: Helicopter: Paul Cornu
★ 1907: Radio tube triode: Lee DeForest
★ 1907: Vacuum cleaner, (electric): James Spangler
★ 1907: Washing machine, (electric): Alva Fisher (Hurley Corporation)
★ 1908: Cellophane: Jacques E. Brandenberger
★ 1908: Geiger counter: Hans Geiger and Ernest Rutherford
★ 1908: Gyrocompass: Hermann Anschütz-Kaempfe
★ 1908: Haber process: Fritz Haber
★ 1909: Monoplane: Henry W. Walden
★ 1909: Bakelite: Leo Baekeland
★ 1909: Gun silencer: Hiram Percy Maxim
1910s
★ 1910: Thermojet engine: Henri Coandă
★ 1911: Gyrocompass: Elmer A. Sperry
★ 1911: Automobile self starter (perfected): Charles F. Kettering
★ 1911: Air conditioner: Willis Haviland Carrier
★ 1911: Hydroplane: Glenn Curtiss
★ 1912: Ecstasy: Merck
★ 1913: Cracking process for Gasoline: William M. Burten
★ 1913: Crossword: Arthur Wynne
★ 1913: Radio receiver, cascade tuning: Ernst Alexanderson
★ 1913: Radio receiver, heterodyne: Reginald Fessenden
★ 1913: Stainless steel: Harry Brearley
★ 1913: X-Ray (improved): William D. Coolidge
★ 1914: Radio transmitter triode mod.: Ernst Alexanderson
★ 1914: Liquid fuel rocket: Robert Goddard
★ 1914: Tank, military: Sir William Ashbee Tritton and Major Walter Gordon Wilson[25]
★ 1915: Tungsten Filament: Irving Langmuir
★ 1915: Triode: Lee DeForest
★ 1915: Pyrex: Corning Inc.
★ 1916: Browning Gun: John Browning
★ 1916: Thompson submachine gun: John T. Thompson
★ 1917: Sonar echolocation: Paul Langevin
★ 1917: Cruise missile: Charles Kettering
★ 1918: Superheterodyne receiver: Edwin H. Armstrong
★ 1918: Interrupter gear: Anton Fokker
★ 1918: Radio crystal oscillator: A.M. Nicolson
★ 1918: Pop-up toaster: Charles Strite
★ 1919: Flip-flop circuit: William Eccles and F. W. Jordan
★ 1919: Theremin: Leon Theremin
1920s
★ 1921: Polygraph: John A. Larson
★ 1922: Radar: Robert Watson-Watt, A. H. Taylor, L. C. Young, Gregory Breit, Merle Antony Tuve
★ 1922: Technicolor: Herbert T. Kalmus
★ 1923: Sound film: Lee DeForest
★ 1923: Television Electronic: Philo Farnsworth
★ 1923: Wind tunnel: Max Munk
★ 1923: Autogyro: Juan de la Cierva
★ 1923: Xenon flash lamp: Harold Edgerton
★ 1925: Ultra-centrifuge: Theodor Svedberg - used to determine molecular weights
★ 1924: Rodeo bareback rigging: Earl W. Bascom
★ 1925: Television Nipkow System: C. Francis Jenkins
★ 1925: Telephoto: C. Francis Jenkins
★ 1926: Television Mechanical Scanner: John Logie Baird
★ 1926: Aerosol spray: Rotheim
★ 1927: Mechanical cotton picker: John Rust
★ 1928: Sliced bread: Otto Frederick Rohwedder
★ 1928: Electric dry shaver: Jacob Schick
★ 1928: Antibiotics: Alexander Fleming (initial discovery of penicillin)
★ 1928: Preselector gearbox: Walter Gordon Wilson
★ 1929: Electroencephelograph (EEG): Hans Berger
★ 1929: Kinescope:Vladimir Zworykin
★ 1929: X-ray motion picture camera:Arthur C. Pillsbury
★ 1920s: Band aid: Earle Dickson
★ 1920s: Insulin: Paul Langerhans
★ 1920s: Mechanical potato peeler: Herman Lay
1930s
★ 1930: Neoprene: Wallace Carothers
★ 1930: Nylon: Wallace Carothers
★ 1930: Photography: Underwater motion picture camera: Arthur C. Pillsbury
★ 1931: Radio telescope: Karl Jansky Grote Reber
★ 1931: Iconoscope: Vladimir Zworykin
★ 1932: Polaroid: Edwin H. Land
★ 1935: Microwave radar: Robert Watson-Watt
★ 1935: Spectrophotometer: Arthur C. Hardy
★ 1935: Casein fiber: Earl Whittier Stephen
★ 1935: Hammond Organ: Laurens Hammond
★ 1937: Turboprop engine: György Jendrassik
★ 1937: Jet engine: Frank Whittle and Hans von Ohain
★ 1937: O-ring: Niels Christensen
★ 1938: Ballpoint pen: Laszlo Biro
★ 1938: Fiberglass: Russell Games Slayter John H. Thomas
★ 1939: FM radio: Edwin H. Armstrong
★ 1939: Helicopter: Igor Sikorsky
★ 1939: View-master: William Gruber
★ 1939: Automated teller machine: Luther George Simjian
1940s
★ 1940s: Spread betting: Charles K. McNeil
★ 1941: Computer: Konrad Zuse
★ 1942: Bazooka Rocket Gun: Leslie A. Skinner C. N. Hickman
★ 1942: Undersea oil pipeline: Hartley, Anglo-Iranian, Siemens in Operation Pluto
★ 1942: Frequency hopping: Hedy Lamarr and George Antheil
★ 1943: Aqua-Lung: Jacques-Yves Cousteau and Emile Gagnan
★ 1944: Electron spectrometer: Deutsch Elliot Evans
★ 1945: Slinky: Richard James and Betty James
★ 1945: Nuclear weapons (note: chain reaction theory was made in 1933)
★ 1946: Microwave oven: Percy Spencer
★ 1946: Mobile Telephone Service: AT&T and Southwestern Bell
★ 1947: Transistor: William Shockley, Walter Brattain, John Bardeen
★ 1947: Polaroid camera: Edwin Land
★ 1948: Long Playing Record: Peter Carl Goldmark
★ 1948: Holography: Dennis Gabor
★ 1949: Atomic clocks
1950s
★ 1951: Oral contraceptive pill: Djerassi, Miramontes, and Rosenkranz [26]
★ 1951: Liquid Paper: Bette Nesmith Graham
★ 1951: Nuclear power reactor: Walter Zinn
★ 1952: Floppy disk: Yoshiro Nakamatsu[27]
★ 1952: Optical fiber: Narinder Singh Kapany
★ 1952: Fusion bomb: Edward Teller and Stanislaw Ulam
★ 1952: Hovercraft: Christopher Cockerell
★ 1953: Maser: Charles Townes
★ 1953: Medical ultrasonography
★ 1954: Radar gun: Bryce K. Brown
★ 1954: Synthetic diamond: Tracy Hall
★ 1954: Transistor radio (dated from the from Regency TR1) (USA)
★ 1954: Geodesic dome: Buckminster Fuller
★ 1955: Velcro: George de Mestral
★ 1955: Hard Drive: Reynold Johnson with IBM
★ 1956: Digital clock
★ 1956: Videocassette recorder: Ampex
★ 1957: Jet Boat: William Hamilton
★ 1957: Bubble Wrap: Alfred Fielding and Marc Chavannes
★ 1958: Integrated circuit: Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments, Robert Noyce at Fairchild Semiconductor
★ 1958: Communications satellite: Kenneth Masterman-Smith
★ 1959: Snowmobile: Joseph-Armand Bombardier
1960s
★ 1960: Laser: Theodore Harold Maiman
★ 1961: Optical disc: David Paul Gregg
★ 1961: Cochlear implant: William House
★ 1962: Light-emitting diode: Nick Holonyak
★ 1962: Space observatory: Ball Brothers Aerospace Corporation [9]
★ 1963: Computer mouse: Douglas Engelbart
★ 1967: Automatic Teller Machine: John Shepherd-Barron
★ 1967: Hypertext: Andries van Dam and Ted Nelson
★ 1968: Video game console: Ralph H. Baer
★ 1960s: Packet switching: Paul Baran and Donald Davies, independently
★ 1969: ARPANET (first wide-area packet switching network): United States Department of Defense
1970s
★ 1971: E-mail: Ray Tomlinson
★ 1971: Liquid Crystal Display: James Fergason
★ 1971: Microprocessor: Federico Faggin and Marcian Hoff
★ 1971: Pocket calculator: Sharp Corporation
★ 1971: Magnetic resonance imaging: Raymond V. Damadian
★ 1972: Computed tomography: Godfrey Newbold Hounsfield
★ 1973: Ethernet: Bob Metcalfe and David Boggs
★ 1973: Genetically modified organism: Stanley Norman Cohen and Herbert Boyer
★ 1973: Personal computer: Xerox PARC
★ 1974: Microcredit: Muhammad Yunus
★ 1974: Rubik's Cube: Ernő Rubik
★ 1974: Hybrid vehicle: Victor Wouk [10]
★ 1975: DNA sequencing by chain termination Frederick Sanger
★ 1975: Digital camera: Steven Sasson
★ 1976: Gore-Tex fabric: W. L. Gore
★ 1977: Personal stereo: Andreas Pavel
★ 1977: Cellular mobile phone: Bell Labs [11]
★ 1978: Spreadsheet: Dan Bricklin
1980s
★ 1981: Scanning tunneling microscope: Gerd Karl Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer
★ 1982: Insulated gate bipolar transistor: Hans Becke and Carl Wheatley RCA
★ 1982: ACE inhibitor: John R. Vane
★ 1983: Camcorder: Sony
★ 1983: Internet: first TCP/IP network: Robert E. Kahn, Vint Cerf and others
★ 1984: Lithotripsy: Claude Dornier
★ 1985: Polymerase chain reaction: Kary Mullis
★ 1985: DNA fingerprinting: Alec Jeffreys
★ 1987: Statin: Carl Hoffman
★ 1987: Digital Light Processing: Dr. Larry Hornbeck, Texas Instruments
1990s
★ 1990: World Wide Web: Tim Berners-Lee
★ 1993: Global Positioning System: United States Department of Defense
★ 1993: Blue LED: Shuji Nakamura
★ 1997: Non-mechanical Digital Audio Player: SaeHan Information Systems
==3rd millennium
=21st century
2000s
★ 2001: Digital satellite radio
★ 2001: Self-contained artificial heart
★ 2002: Scramjet: University of Queensland
See also
★ History of technology
★ Innovation
★ List of inventors
★ List of technology timelines
★ Inventions in the Muslim world
★ Timeline of science and technology in the Islamic world
★ List of Chinese inventions
★ History of science and technology in China
★ Science and technology in ancient India
Notes
1. Kryss Katsiavriades and Talaat Qureshi, Inventions - 3000 BC to 2000 BC.
2. Lynn Townsend White, Jr. (April 1960). "Tibet, India, and Malaya as Sources of Western Medieval Technology", ''The American Historical Review'' '65' (3), p. 516.
3. Paper - one of the most important inventions of the last two millennia
4. C. Wayne Smith, Joe Tom Cothren (1999). ''Cotton: Origin, History, Technology, and Production'', p. viii. John Wiley and Sons. Technology & Industrial Arts. ISBN 0471180459.
5. Richard Nelson Frye. ''Golden Age of Persia'', p. 163
6. David A. King, "Islamic Astronomy", in Christopher Walker (1999), ed., ''Astronomy before the telescope'', p. 167-168. British Museum Press. ISBN 0-7141-2733-7.
7. Ahmad Y Hassan, Donald Routledge Hill (1986). ''Islamic Technology: An illustrated history'', p. 54. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-42239-6.
8.
9. Lynn Townsend White, Jr. (April 1960). "Tibet, India, and Malaya as Sources of Western Medieval Technology", ''The American Historical Review'' '65' (3), p. 519.
10. Piero Ariotti (Winter, 1968). "Galileo on the Isochrony of the Pendulum", ''Isis'' '59' (4), p. 414.
11. Ingrid Hehmeyer and Aliya Khan (2007). "Islam's forgotten contributions to medical science", ''Canadian Medical Association Journal'' '176' (10).
12. Zafarul-Islam Khan, At The Threshhold (sic) Of A New Millennium – II, ''The Milli Gazette''.
13. Robert Briffault (1938). ''The Making of Humanity'', p. 191.
14. Marshall Clagett (1961). ''The Science of Mechanics in the Middle Ages'', p. 64. University of Wisconsin Press.
15. Dr. A. Zahoor (1997). Al-Zarqali (Arzachel), University of Indonesia.
16. Ahmad Y Hassan, Flywheel Effect for a ''Saqiya''.
17. Islam, Knowledge, and Science. University of Southern California.
18. Linear astrolabe, ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.
19. Abdel Aziz al-Jaraki (2007), When Ridhwan al-Sa’ati A 
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