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'''The New Yorker''' is an American magazine that publishes reportage, criticism, essays, cartoons, poetry and fiction. Originally a weekly, the magazine is now published 47 times per year with five (usually more expansive) issues covering two-week spans.
Although its reviews and events listings often focus on the cultural life of New York City, ''The New Yorker'' has a wide audience outside of New York. It is well known for its commentaries on popular culture and eccentric Americana; its attention to modern fiction by the inclusion of short stories and literary reviews; its rigorous fact-checking and copyediting; its journalism about world politics and social issues; and its famous, single-panel cartoons sprinkled throughout each issue.

Contents

History

Eustace Tilley

Cartoons

Politics

Films

Style

Contributors

Audience

The "View of the World" cover

References

See also

Books

Blogs about ''The New Yorker''

Audio

External links

History

''The New Yorker'' debuted on February 17, 1925, with the February 21 issue. It was founded by Harold Ross and his wife, Jane Grant, a ''New York Times'' reporter. Ross wanted to create a sophisticated humor magazine—in contrast to the corniness of other humor publications such as ''Judge'', where he had worked, or ''Life''. Ross partnered with entrepreneur Raoul H. Fleischman to establish the F-R Publishing Company and established the magazine's first offices at 25 West 45th Street in Manhattan. Ross edited the magazine until his death in 1951. For the first, occasionally precarious, years of its existence, the magazine prided itself on its cosmopolitan sophistication. ''The New Yorker'' famously declared in the debut issue: "It has announced that it is not edited for the old lady in Dubuque."
Although the magazine never lost its touches of humor, it soon established itself as a preeminent forum for serious journalism and fiction. Shortly after the end of World War II, John Hersey's essay ''Hiroshima'' filled an entire issue. In subsequent decades the magazine published short stories by many of the most respected writers of the 20th and 21st centuries, including Ann Beattie, John Cheever, Alice Munro, Haruki Murakami, Vladimir Nabokov, John O'Hara, Philip Roth, J.D. Salinger, Irwin Shaw, John Updike, E.B. White and Richard Yates. Publication of Shirley Jackson's ''The Lottery'' drew more mail than any other story in ''The New Yorker's history.
In its early decades, the magazine sometimes published two or even three short stories a week, but in recent years the pace has remained steady at one story per issue. While some styles and themes recur more often than others in ''New Yorker'' fiction, the magazine's stories are marked less by uniformity than by their variety, and they have ranged from Updike's introspective domestic narratives to the surrealism of Donald Barthelme and from parochial accounts of the lives of neurotic New Yorkers to stories set in a wide range of locations and eras and translated from many languages.
The non-fiction feature articles (which usually make up the bulk of the magazine's content) are known for covering an eclectic array of topics. Recent subjects have included eccentric evangelist Creflo Dollar, the different ways in which humans perceive the passage of time, and Munchausen syndrome by proxy.
The magazine is notable for its editorial traditions. Under the rubric ''Profiles,'' it has long published articles about a wide range of notable people, from Ernest Hemingway, Henry R. Luce, and Marlon Brando to Hollywood restaurateur Prince Michael Romanoff, magician Ricky Jay and mathematicians David and Gregory Chudnovsky. Other enduring features have been "Goings On About Town," a listing of cultural and entertainment events in New York, and "The Talk of the Town," a miscellany of brief pieces—frequently humorous, whimsical or eccentric vignettes of life in New York—written in a breezily light style, although in recent years the section often begins with a serious commentary. For many years, newspaper snippets containing amusing errors, unintended meanings or badly mixed metaphors ("Block That Metaphor") have been used as filler items, accompanied by a witty retort. And despite some changes having encroached, the magazine has kept much of its traditional appearance over the decades in typography, layout, covers and artwork.
Ross was succeeded by William Shawn (1951-1987), followed by Robert Gottlieb (1987-1992) and Tina Brown (1992-1998). Brown's nearly six-year tenure attracted the most controversy, thanks to her high profile (a marked contrast to that of the retiring Shawn) and changes she made to the magazine that had retained a similar look and feel for the previous half century. She included the use of color (several years before the ''New York Times'' also adopted color on its pages) and photography, less type on each page, and a generally more modern layout. More substantively, she increased the coverage of current events and hot topics such as celebrities and business tycoons and placed short pieces throughout "Goings on About Town," including a racy column about nightlife in Manhattan. A new letters to the editor page and adding authors’ bylines to their "Talk of the Town" pieces had the effect of making the magazine more personal and, along with the other changes, served to erode its perceived reputation for perhaps over-exquisite refinement. The current editor of ''The New Yorker'' is David Remnick, who took over in 1998 from Brown. The magazine was acquired by Advance Publications in 1985, the media company owned by S.I. Newhouse.
Since the late 1990s, ''The New Yorker'' has taken advantage of computer and Internet technologies for the release of current and archival material. ''The New Yorker'' maintains a website with some content from the current issue (plus exclusive web-only content) at www.newyorker.com. As well, ''The New Yorker's cartoons are available for purchase at www.cartoonbank.com. A complete archive of back issues from 1925 to April 2006 (representing more than 4,000 issues and half a million pages) is available on nine DVD-ROMs or on a small portable hard drive.
A ''New Yorker'' look-alike, ''Novy Ochevidets'' (The New Eyewitness), was launched in Russia in 2004. It folded in January, 2005 after five months of circulation.

Eustace Tilley

The magazine's first cover, of a dandy peering at a butterfly through a monocle, was drawn by Rea Irvin. The gentleman on the original cover is referred to as "Eustace Tilley," a character created for ''The New Yorker'' by Corey Ford. Eustace Tilley was the hero of a series entitled "The Making of a Magazine," which began on the inside front cover of the August 8 issue that first summer. He was a younger man than the figure of the original cover. His top hat was of a newer style, without the curved brim. He wore a morning coat and striped trousers. Ford borrowed Eustace Tilley's last name from an aunt—he had always found it vaguely humorous. "Eustace" was selected for euphony, although Ford may have borrowed the name from Eustace Taylor, his fraternity brother from Delta Kappa Epsilon at Columbia College of Columbia University.
Tilley was always busy, and in illustrations by Johann Bull, always poised. He might be in Mexico, supervising the vast farms that grew the cactus for binding the magazine's pages together. The Punctuation Farm, where commas were grown in profusion, because Ross had developed a love of them, was naturally in a more fertile region. Tilley might be inspecting the Initial Department, where letters were sent to be capitalized. Or he might be superintending the Emphasis Department, where letters were placed in a vise and forced sideways, for the creation of italics. He would jump to the Sargasso Sea, where by insulting squids he got ink for the printing presses, which were powered by a horse turning a pole. It was told how in the great paper shortage of 1882 he had saved the magazine by getting society matrons to contribute their finery. Thereafter dresses were made at a special factory and girls employed to wear them out, after which the cloth was used for manufacturing paper. Raoul Fleischmann, who had moved into the offices to protect his venture with Ross, gathered the Tilley series into a promotion booklet. Later, Ross took a listing for Eustace Tilley in the Manhattan telephone directory.
Traditionally, the Tilley cover illustrated here is reused every year on the issue closest to the anniversary date of February 21, though on several occasions a newly drawn variation has been substituted.

Cartoons

The cartoon editor of ''The New Yorker'' for years was Lee Lorenz, who first began cartooning in 1956 and became a ''New Yorker'' contract contributor in 1958. After serving as the magazine's art editor from 1973 to 1993 (when he was replaced by Françoise Mouly), he continued in the position of cartoon editor until 1998. His book, ''The Art of the New Yorker: 1925-1995'' (Knopf, 1995), was the first comprehensive survey of all aspects of the magazine's graphics. In 1998, Robert Mankoff took over as cartoon editor, and since then Mankoff has edited at least 14 collections of ''New Yorker'' cartoons.
''The New Yorker's stable of cartoonists has included many important talents in American humor, including Charles Addams, Charles Barsotti, George Booth, Roz Chast, Sam Cobean, Helen Hokinson, Mary Petty, George Price, Charles Saxon, Otto Soglow, Saul Steinberg, William Steig, Richard Taylor, Barney Tobey, James Thurber, Richard decker and Gahan Wilson.
Several of the magazine's cartoons have climbed to a higher plateau of fame: In Peter Steiner's drawing of two dogs at a computer, one says, "On the Internet, nobody knows you're a dog." In Carl Rose's cartoon of a mother saying, "It's broccoli, dear," the daughter responds, "I say it's spinach and I say the hell with it." The catch phrase "back to the drawing board" originated with the 1934 Peter Arno cartoon showing an engineer walking away from a crashed plane, saying, "Well, back to the old drawing board." In Mankoff's drawing set in an office overlooking the city, a man on the phone says, "No, Thursday's out. How about never -- is never good for you?" The notion that some ''New Yorker'' cartoons have punchlines so ''non sequitur'' that they are impossible to understand became a subplot in the ''Seinfeld'' episode, "The Cartoon".
Over seven decades, many hardcover compilations of cartoons from ''The New Yorker'' have been published, and in 2004, Mankoff edited ''The Complete Cartoons of The New Yorker'', a 656-page collection with 2004 of the magazine's best cartoons published during 80 years, plus a double CD set with all 68,647 cartoons ever published in the magazine. This features a search function allowing readers to search for cartoons by a cartoonist's name or by year of publication. The newer group of cartoonists in recent years includes Pat Byrnes, Frank Cotham, Michael Crawford, Drew Demavich, J.C. Duffy, Zachary Kanin, Michael Maslin, Mick Stevens, and Jack Ziegler.
In April 2005 the magazine began using the last page of each issue for ''The New Yorker Cartoon Caption Contest''. Captionless cartoons by ''The New Yorker's regular cartoonists are printed each week. Captions are submitted by readers, and three are chosen as finalists. Readers then vote on the winner, and any U.S. resident age 18 or older can vote. Each contest winner receives a print of the cartoon (with the winning caption), signed by the artist who drew the cartoon.
One of its most widely-copied comic is the Peter Steiner cartoon of from 1993 which has the caption "On the Internet, nobody knows you're a dog."^[2][3]. See also the Essjay controversy.

Politics

Traditionally, the magazine's politics have been essentially liberal and non-partisan. However, in recent years, the editorial staff has at times taken a somewhat more left-wing partisan stance. Coverage of the 2004 U.S. presidential campaign, led by editorial writer Hendrik Hertzberg and then-political correspondent Philip Gourevitch, strongly favored Democratic candidate John Kerry. In its November 1, 2004 issue, the magazine broke with 80 years of precedent and issued a formal endorsement of Kerry in a long editorial, signed "The Editors", which specifically criticized the policies of the Bush administration. ^[4]
After the September 11, 2001 attacks, cartoonist and cover artist Art Spiegelman (who is married to the magazine's art editor, Françoise Mouly) created with Mouly, for the September 24, 2001 issue, a memorable black-on-black cover with the dark silhouette of the buildings visible only when held in a certain light or angle. He later resigned in protest of what he saw as the magazine's self-censorship in its political coverage. The magazine hired investigative journalist Seymour Hersh to report on military and security issues, and he has produced a number of widely-reported articles on the 2003 Invasion of Iraq and the subsequent occupation by US forces. His revelations in ''The New Yorker'' about abuses in the Abu Ghraib prison and the Pentagon's contingency plans for invading Iran were reported around the world.

Films

The magazine's former editor, William Shawn, is portrayed in ''Capote'' (2005) and ''Infamous'' (2006). The magazine has been the source of a number of films. ''Meet Me in St. Louis'' (1944) was adapted from Sally Benson's short stories. ''The Swimmer'' (1968), starring Burt Lancaster, was based on a John Cheever short story from ''The New Yorker'', and Brian De Palma's ''Casualties of War'' (1989) began as a ''New Yorker'' article by Daniel Lang. Charlie Kaufman based ''Adaptation'' (2002) on Susan Orlean's ''The Orchid Thief'', which she first wrote for ''The New Yorker''. ''Brokeback Mountain'' (2005) is an adaptation of the short story by Annie Proulx which first appeared in the October 13, 1997 issue of ''The New Yorker'', and ''The Namesake'' (2007) was similarly based on Jhumpa Lahiri's novel which originated as a short story in the magazine. ''Away From Her'', adapted from Alice Munro's short story "The Bear Came Over The Mountain," debuted at the 2007 Sundance Film Festival.

Style

One uncommonly formal feature of the magazine's in-house style is the placement of diaeresis marks in words with repeating vowels—such as ''reëlected'' and ''coöperate''—in which the two vowel letters indicate separate vowel sounds. The magazine also continues to use a few spellings that are otherwise little used, such as "focusses" and "venders".
The magazine does not put the titles of plays or books in italics but simply sets them off with quotation marks. When referring to other publications that include locations in their names, it uses italics only for the "non-location" portion of the name, such as the Los Angeles ''Times'' or the Chicago ''Tribune''.
Formerly, when a word or phrase in quotation marks came at the end of a phrase or clause that ended with a semicolon, the semicolon would be put before the trailing quotation mark; now, however, the magazine follows the usual American punctuation style and puts the semicolon after the second quotation mark.
''The New Yorker's signature display typeface, used for its nameplate and headlines and the masthead above ''The Talk of the Town'' section, is Irvin, named after its creator, the designer-illustrator Rea Irvin. ^[5]

Contributors

Main articles: List of New Yorker Contributors

Audience

A recent report indicates that there were 996,000 subscribers in 2004. The total number of subscribers has been increasing at about a 3% annual pace over the last several years. Despite the magazine's New York focus, its subscription base is expanding geographically; in 2003 there were more subscribers in California (167,000) than in New York (166,000) for the first time in the magazine's history. The average age of subscribers rose from 46.8 in 2004 to 48.4 in 2005, compared with a rise of 43.8 to 44.0 for the nation, and a rise from 45.4 to 46.3 for news magazine subscribers. The average household income of a ''New Yorker'' subscriber was $80,957 in 2005, while the average income for a U.S. household with a subscription to a news magazine was $67,003, and the U.S. average household income was $51,466.

The "View of the World" cover

Saul Steinberg created 85 covers and 642 internal drawings and illustrations for the magazine. His most famous work is probably its March 29 1976 cover, an illustration titled "View of the World from 9th Avenue," sometimes referred to as "A Parochial New Yorker's View of the World" or "A New Yorker's View of the World," which depicts a map of the world as seen by self-absorbed New Yorkers.
The illustration is split in two, with the bottom half of the image showing Manhattan's 9th Avenue, 10th Avenue, and the Hudson River (appropriately labeled), and the top half depicting the rest of the world. The rest of the United States is the size of the three New York City blocks and is drawn as a square, with a thin brown strip along the Hudson representing "Jersey", the names of five cities (Los Angeles, Washington D.C., Las Vegas, Kansas City, and Chicago) and three states (Texas, Utah, and Nebraska) scattered among a few rocks for the U.S. beyond New Jersey. The Pacific Ocean, perhaps half again as wide as the Hudson, separates the U.S. from three flattened land masses labeled China, Japan and Russia.
The illustration—humorously depicting New Yorkers' self-image of their place in the world, or perhaps outsiders' view of New Yorkers' self-image—inspired many similar works, including the poster for the 1984 film ''Moscow on the Hudson''; that movie poster led to a lawsuit, ''Steinberg v. Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc.'', 663 F. Supp. 706 (S.D.N.Y. 1987), which held that Columbia Pictures violated the copyright that Steinberg held on his work.

References

1. Top 100 ABC magazines by average circulation 2006, First Six Months 2006
2. Cartoon Captures Spirit of the Internet(alternate no-login link) December 14, 2000
3. Copy of "On the Internet, Nobody Knows You're a Dog" cartoon
4. "The Talk of the Town" (November 1, 2004)
5. Consuegra, David. ''American Type Design and Designers''. New York: Allworth Press, 2004.

See also

★ Culture of New York City

★ List of The New Yorker contributors

★ Media of New York City

★ "New Yorkistan"

Books

★ ''Ross and the New Yorker'' by Dale Kramer (1951)

★ ''The Years with Ross'' by James Thurber (1959)

★ ''Ross, the New Yorker and Me'' by Jane Grant (1968)

★ ''Here at the New Yorker'' by Brendan Gill (1975)

★ ''About the New Yorker and Me'' by E.J. Kahn (1979)

★ ''Onward and Upward: A Biography of Katharine S. White'' by Linda H. Davis (1987)

★ ''At Seventy: More about the New Yorker and Me'' by E.J. Kahn (1988)

★ ''Katharine and E.B. White: An Affectionate Memoir'' by Isabel Russell (1988)

★ ''The Last Days of The New Yorker'' by Gigi Mahon (1989)

★ ''Genius in Disguise: Harold Ross of the New Yorker'' by Thomas Kunkel (1997)

★ ''Remembering Mr. Shawn's New Yorker: The Invisible Art of Editing'' by Ved Mehta (1998)

★ ''Here But Not Here: My Life with William Shawn and the New Yorker'' by Lillian Ross (1998)

★ ''The World Through a Monocle: The New Yorker at Midcentury'' by Mary F. Corey (1999)

★ ''Some Times in America: and a life in a year at the New Yorker'' by Alexander Chancellor (1999)

★ ''Gone: The Last Days of the New Yorker,'' by Renata Adler (2000)

★ ''Letters from the Editor: The New Yorker's Harold Ross'' edited by Thomas Kunkel (2000; letters covering the years 1917 to 1951)

★ ''Defining New Yorker Humor'' by Judith Yaross Lee (2000)

★ ''NoBrow: The Culture of Marketing - the Marketing of Culture'' by John Seabrook (2000)

★ ''New Yorker Profiles 1925-1992: A Bibliography'' compiled by Gail Shivel (2000)

★ ''About Town: The New Yorker and the World It Made'' by Ben Yagoda (2000)

★ ''A Life of Privilege, Mostly'' by Gardner Botsford (2003)

★ ''Christmas at The New Yorker: Stories, Poems, Humor, and Art'' (2003)

★ ''Maeve Brennan: Homesick at the New Yorker'' by Angela Bourke (2004)

★ ''Let Me Finish'' by Roger Angell (Harcourt, 2006)

Blogs about ''The New Yorker''

★ Emdashes Interviews, links, and reviews devoted to all things ''New Yorker'', including a column by staffers who answer questions about the magazine

★ The Rest is Noise Blog by ''New Yorker'' music critic Alex Ross

★ S/FJ Blog by ''New Yorker'' pop music critic Sasha Frere-Jones

★ I hate the new yorker A blog by one consistently unimpressed yet astonishingly loyal reader

★ Drunken Volcano Haiku synopsis of ''The New Yorker''

★ Malcolm Gladwell Blog by ''New Yorker'' writer

Audio

★ 1989 audio interview with Gigi Mahon, author of ''The Last Days of The New Yorker'' (McGraw Hill, 1988). Interview by Don Swaim of CBS Radio

External links

★ ''The New Yorker'' website

★ CartoonBank.com archive of New Yorker covers and cartoons

★ Cover gallery for The New Yorker

★ "The Publication of ''Hiroshima'' in ''The New Yorker''" by Steve Rothman (pdf)