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'Tajima' (但馬国; -no kuni) was an old province of Japan in the area that is today northern Hyōgo. Tajima bordered on Harima, Inaba, Tamba Province, and Tango Provinces.
The ancient provincial capital is near the modern town of Hidaka, although a major castle town was built at Izushi. For much of the Sengoku period this area was ruled by the Yamana clan, who submitted to Oda Nobunaga.
Although Tajima is no longer a political entity today, many Japanese living in the area still identify strongly with the name and its history.
Tajima is most notably known for its being the birthplace of Kobe beef, known locally as Tajima Beef. Also well known are its many onsens, beaches, and small ski resorts. Its main industries are forestry, fishing, farming, and tourism.