'Surf culture' is the
culture surrounding the sport of modern
surfing. Originating early in the 20th century, its largest growth was during the
1950s and
1960s. It continues to evolve, spread, and grow to this day. The basis of surf culture involves primarily the love of surfing, the hunt for great waves, the desire for the ultimate ride, and the life in and around the ocean. The culture also includes a wide range of other ways in which surfing might affect parts of a devotee's life, including fashion, music preferences, literature, films,
jargon, etc. Localism or territorialism is often a large part of surf culture in which individuals or groups of surfers designate certain key surfing spots as their own. Today, surfers come from all walks of life and from all coastlines which makes the group difficult to stereotype. Despite the great variety of the average surfer's background, there is a strong commonality that can be easily seen among all true surfers which is their unpretentious love and appreciation for the break.
If there is one fair generalization concerning the sport, it is the fanatical enthusiasm of its devotees. The fickle nature of
weather and the
ocean, plus the great desire for the best possible types of waves for surfing, have always made surfers slaves to rapidly changing conditions. ''
Surfing Magazine'', founded in the 1960s when surfing had gained popularity with teenagers, used to say that if they were hard at work and someone yelled "Surf's up!" the office would suddenly be empty. Also, since surfing has a restricted geographical necessity (i.e. the coast), the culture of beach life often influenced surfers and vice versa. Aspects of 1960s surf culture in
Southern California, where it was first popularized, include the
woodie,
bikinis and other beach wear, such as
boardshorts or baggies, and
surf music. Surfers developed the
skateboard to be able to "surf" on land; and the number of
boardsports and spin-offs has grown ever since. Also, surfing (particularly in Southern California) has its own slang, which has coincided with
Valspeak. Words like "tubular" and "gnarly" are associated with both.
Surfers have often been associated with being
slackers or
beach bums. Though this is hardly a proper generalization today, since surfers come from all walks of life, the basis of the stereotype comes from that same over-whelming enthusiasm, sometimes bordering on addiction, that surfers can have for their sport. Along with the rarity of truly perfect surf conditions (plus the bliss that is associated with them) and the inevitable hunt for great waves, surfers often become dedicated to their sport in a way that precludes a more traditional life in a capitalistic society. Surfing instead, becomes their lifestyle.
This has left a long history of surfers veering off the beaten path, and foregoing the traditional goals of
first world culture in the hunt for a continual stoke, in harmony with life, their surfing, and the ocean. This is part of the definition of a "soul surfer" whose goals are certainly not that of every person who indulges in the sport, but a vibrant and long-standing sub-group.
Competitive surf culture (centered around surf contests and endorsement deals) is often seen in opposition to this, since it embraces more traditional capitalistic ideals. Since its inception there has always been debate about whether or not surfing for money and prizes is truly compatible with the surfing lifestyle. Though this debate has lessened in recent decades, since many of today's pro-surfers, seem to be able to straddle both worlds: the competitive surfer and "free surfer".
The historic surf village of
Ocean Beach, San Diego, California, is a good example of a place devoted to the surfing lifestyle
Localism
Even though waves break everywhere along a coast, truly great surf spots are rare. A surf break that forms great surfable waves may easily become a coveted commodity, especially if the wave only breaks there rarely. If this break is near a large population center with many surfers, territorialism often arises. Regular surfers who live near to a good surf break may often guard it jealously, hence the expression "locals only"; or as the rock group The
Surf Punks put it, "my beach, my wave, my girl, Go Home!". The "locals only" expression is common among many beach towns. These sayings are consistent with the territorialism that drives the beach culture and those that live on the coastal territories year round. The expression "Surf Nazi" appeared in the 1980s to describe territorial and authoritarian surfers. Localism is expressed when surfers are involved in verbal or physical threats or abuse to deter people from surfing at certain surf spots. This is backed by the belief that fewer people equals more waves per surfer. Other surfers, however, sometimes known as "soul surfers", hold less aggressive views towards others. These surfers see surfing as more than a sport; it is an opportunity to harness the waves and to relax and forget about their daily routines.
Big Wave Culture
A non-competitive adventure activity involving riding the biggest waves possible (known as "rhino hunting") is also popular with some surfers. A practice popularized in the
1990s has seen
big wave surfing revolutionized, as surfers use
personal watercraft to tow them out to a position where they can catch previously unrideable waves (see
tow-in surfing). These waves were previously unrideable due to the speed at which they travel. Some waves reach speeds of over 60 km/h; personal watercraft enable surfers to reach the speed of the wave thereby making them rideable. Personal watercraft not only allow surfers to ride these waves but allow them to survive wipeouts. In many instances surfers would not survive the battering of the "sets" (groups of waves together). This spectacular activity is extremely popular with television crews, but because such waves rarely occur in heavily populated regions, and usually only a very long way out to sea on outer reefs, few spectators see such events directly.
Surf Terminology
Air - getting airborne
Aerial - airborne maneuver
Amped - charged up; stoked; fired
Backdoor - to pull into a tube from behind the peak
Bail - to abandon a board; jump off; usually without regard to the board's future
Bake - a closeout
Bashing - body surfing
Boost - getting airborne off the lip
Brah - from bruddah, Hawaiian pidgin for brother
Bro - a buddy or friend
Bucket - helmet
Bump - a swell
Bumps - the build-up of wax on a surfboard deck
Carve - symmetrical, fluid turns
Cheater five - five toes on the nose - keep your weight back on the board to maintain trim and speed, squat down and extend one foot forward
Clucked - afraid, intimidated by the wave
Crew - a group of surfers defined by break or area
Cutback - a manuever where the surfer turns sharply back towards the breaking portion of the wave. See also 'S-turn'
Deck - the top surface of the board
Ding - damage to a surfboard
Dogging - going backside in the pit
Drop - as in dropping from the crest of the wave to the pit
Dropping in - catching a wave that is already occupied ... taking off on the shoulder while someone is taking off deeper
Drop in late - catching the steepest part of a wave
Dune - a big peaky wave
Epoxy - alternative board construction to foam
Falls - the pitching lip of the wave - don't get sucked into this
Fan - a fan of spray off a turn such as a water skier throws
Fluff - spray off the lip
Falls - top of the wave pitches out and throws a waterfall shoreward
Fish - a type of short surfboard that is wide, fairly thick for added bouyancy and has two fins; popular in the 1970s
Frigged - snaked
Fully - with commitment and intensity
Full on - with commitment and intensity
Gash - very sharp turn
Gnarly - awesome and intimidating
Going off - a break under optimum conditions
Gouge - sharp, fast turn
Gremmies - grem or gremmie is short for gremlin - Sixties US term for young, possibly or probably mischievous surfer, pre-adolescent surfer
Green room - inside a full cover-up tube
Grommet - adolescent surfer
Gun - a variant of board shape made for big waves
Gunned - under-gunned or over-gunned; refers to the size of your board in relation to wave conditions
Hiddie - from hideous, intense
Hoot - howling and yelping approval and encouragement to buddies
Jag - retreat after getting worked
Kook - someone posing very hard as a surfer. An unskilled surfer
Lineup - the location in the ocean where the outer waves are breaking
Lip - the portion of the wave that is breaking and falling from top to bottom, especially in hollow waves
Local - a person who lives near a surfspot and surfs there almost daily
Log - a long surfboard
Nipped - nipples rubbed raw by board or suit
Noodle - exhausted, overall condition or specific as in noodle armed
Noseride - to walk up to the front of the deck
Meatball flag - black with a yellow dot in the middle, means no surfing today
Pop - kick out
Over the falls - inadvertently riding the lip of a wave as it breaks rather than the face of the wave
Pit - the hollow-est portion of a breaking wave
Pitch - throw - angle of any run to rise
Pitted - being in the pit of the wave
Pearl - to go pearl diving, the nose of you board submerges and usually the wave pushes the rest of the board over the nose, you too
Pintail - the shape of the tailend of a surfoard, tapering to a point
Pop-out - a surfboard that comes from a mold for mass production, in contrast to being shaped.
Poser - a non-surfer playing the role of a surfer
Pucker factor - the effect an intimidating wave has on ones ability to remain relaxed
Puff - a spitting wave
Pumping - above average large swell
Quiver - a surfer's collection of boards, a board bag that holds several boards
Rails - the side edges of the board that interact with the wave's energy
Rip - to surf to the height of one's abilities
Rocker - the bend in the board, as in a rocking chair
Room - inside a large barrel
S-turn - an advanced manuever where a sharp turn is made on the shoulder of the wave in the shape of an 'S'; a type of cutback
Schlong - thick, long, old style single-fin surfboard
Squashtail -
Squid - unlikeable individual
Scab - a reef or rock
Scabbed - getting damaged by a reef or rock
Shred - ability to execute rapid repeated turns - shortboard term
Sick - excellent, top notch - describing a surfer, stunt, maneuver or conditions
Sideslip - when your board stops tracking forward and moves sideways
Slam - bounce off the lip as it begins to pitch
Slash - cutback
Snake - paddling around behind someone who is in position and stealing their wave. Effectively the snake is taking ownership of the wave by being the closest rider to the breaking portion of the wave
Stink-eye - hard, cold, menacing stare
Stoked - geared up, wound up, full of enthusiasm
Stylie - with good form - with grace
SUP -
stand up paddle surfing
Surfer's knots - large bumps on the tops of feet and on knees caused by callusing where one continuously contacts a board
Stuffed - getting driven under the water by a wave coming down on you
Swish - a meek or fearful surfer
Thrashed - when a wave lays a beating on you
Throwing tail - sliding the tail in a turn, breaking the grip of the fins
Thruster - a surboard with 3 fins with the center fin more towards the tail
Tow-ins - getting towed into waves that are too large to paddle into
Trim - adjusting your position on a board so that it planes, and achieves its maximum speed
Tube - the cylindrical or cone shaped hole created when the lip pitches out far and clean enough to create a space between the wave and the falls
Vertical - turn straight up the wave
Waffling - rapidly working the board back and forth
Wannabe - wan-na-be, someone who wants to be
Wax - paraffin + color + scent + additives to make it apply at specific temperatures. Used on deck of boards for traction
Wipe out - a fall, particularly a spectacular fall
Worked, getting - the action a wave plays on you. It feels like being in a large washing machine
Zoo - excessively crowded in the water
Issues Affecting Surfers
Global warming, environmental damage, and increasing riparian development may continue to increase pressure on the sport.
Oil spills and
toxic algae growth can threaten surfing regions. And, many wealthy homeowners have tried to prevent free access to beaches in violation of English and American common law traditions, in which "the strand" is not private property.
Some of these stresses may be overcome by building of
artificial reefs for surfing. Several have been built in recent years (one is at Cables in Western Australia), and there is widespread enthusiasm in the global surfing community for additional projects. However, environmental opposition and rigorous coastal permitting regulations is dampening prospects for building such reefs in some countries, such as the United States. A major big wave cultural group in northern Australia in called "clarkey", and are known for their aggression and passion.
Spirituality
A surfer memorial service, Huntington Beach Pier, Orange County, California.
Australian surfer
Nat Young tried to register surfing as a
religion, but to no avail. Many surfers combine their love of the sport with their own religious or spiritual beliefs. In
Huntington Beach, California for example, a local
Christian,
non-denominational church occasionally meets on the beach for Sunday early-morning services. After the closing
prayer, the
minister and his
congregation paddle out for a morning session. In addition, many surfing communities organize and take part in memorial services for fallen surfers, sometimes on the anniversary of passing such as the
Eddie Aikau memorial service held annually at
Waimea Bay,
Hawaii. Participants in the memorial service paddle out to a suitable location with flower
leis around their necks or with loose flowers (sometimes held between their teeth)., The participants then get into a circular formation, hold hands, and silently pray. Sometimes they will raise their clasped hands skyward before tossing their flowers or
leis into the center of the ring. Afterward, they paddle back toward the beach to begin their surf session. Often these services take place at sunrise or sunset. In locations with a
pier, such as Huntington Beach,
Orange County, California, the service can take place near the end of the pier so that any non-surfers, such as elderly relatives, can watch and participate. Often the participants on the pier will throw down bouquets of flowers into the center of the ring.
★
Spirit of Surfing
★
West of Jesus: Surfing, Science, and the Origins of Belief
★
The Tao of Surfing
Quotes About Surfing
Films About Surfing
Main articles: Surf film
The surf culture is reflected in film. Bruce Brown's classic movie ''
The Endless Summer'' glorified surfing in a round-the-world search for the perfect wave.
John Milius's homage to the
Malibu of his youth in ''
Big Wednesday'' remains a poignant metaphor for the similarities between the changing
surf and life. Beach movies such as the
Gidget series and
Beach Party films like ''
Beach Blanket Bingo'' are less reverential depictions of the culture.
★ ''
Big Wednesday''
★ ''
Blue Crush'', starring
Kate Bosworth
★ ''
Blue Hawaii''
★ ''
Blue Juice'',
Sean Pertwee,
Ewan McGregor,
Catherine Zeta-Jones
★ ''
The Endless Summer'',
Bruce Brown
★ ''
Five Summer Stories'',
Greg MacGillivray and Jim Freeman
★ ''
Gidget''
★ ''
Hawaiian Holiday'',
Bud Browne
★ ''
Liquid Time'' (2002) is an
avant-garde surf film that focuses solely on the fluid forms of tubing waves.
★ ''
Morning of the Earth''
★
''North Shore''
★ ''
Point Break''
★ ''
Riding Giants''
★
''Surf's Up'' is a
computer-animated mockumentary, which investigates the premise that
surfing was actually invented by
penguins, taking viewers behind the scenes of the "Penguin World Surfing Championship".
★ ''
Step Into Liquid''
★ ''
Lords of Dogtown''
★ ''
Puberty Blues'' 1981
Australian surfie film.
★ ''
Jonny Tsunami''
Disney feature film surfer/snowboarding film
Fictional Surfers in Film
★
Sean Penn as stoned surfer Jeff Spicoli in ''
Fast Times at Ridgemont High''. Jeff Spicoli is the
stereotypical teenage surfer of the eighties, complete with
surf talk and imaginary tubes, ridden beneath overhanging ivy. The ambitious, conscientious, hard-working Brad Hamilton provides a foil for Jeff Spicoli, who believes in “operating from the heart” and “what you need will come to you,”. By contrasting Jeff Spicoli's carefree approach to life with Brad Hamilton's disciplined
work ethic, the film exposes the
dialectic in
western culture.
[1]
Scenes from Movies
★ ''
Apocalypse Now''
In the extended version of ''Apocalypse Now'', there is a scene in which Willard's team steals Kilgore's surfboard as they begin their journey up the river.
Television Shows
★ ''
Baywatch''
★ ''
Blue Water High''
★ ''
California Dreams''
★ ''
Hawaii Five-O'' lead-in.
★ ''
John from Cincinnati''
★ ''
The O.C.''
★
''Surf Girls'' (2003)
★
''Surfing the Menu'' ABC TV, Australia.
★ ''
Eureka Seven'' (not on water, however)
★ ''
Summerland''
★ ''
H2O just add water''
★ ''
Pacific Blue''
TV Commercials
★
Coca-Cola commercial featuring
Kalani Robb and Maila Jones.
TV Documentary Series
★ ''
This Is Your Life'' presents
Duke Kahanamoku (1957)
★ ''NRG'' (1997)
★ ''On Surfari''
Fuel TV
★ ''
Iconoclasts'' Season 2 Episode 1:
Eddie Vedder and
Laird Hamilton;
Sundance Channel
TV Episodes Featuring Surfing
★ ''
The Flintstones'' -
"Surfin' Fred" (1965). Fred, Wilma, Barney, and Betty are holidaying on Rock Island, where a surfing contest is to be held. Fred hopes to relive his carefree teenage years, dancing to "hip" music with swarms of holidaying teenagers and revelling in their adulation of his sporting prowess. However, in the surf, Fred is repeatedly blasted by monsterous waves, as he tries desperately to impress the young crowd. Rock star and teenage heartthrob, Jimmy Darrock, who has been recruited to present the winner's trophy, avoids recognition by wearing sunglasses and assuming the role of a lifeguard. But, he had not counted on Fred's ineptitude on a board. Darrock has to retrieve Fred from the surf and perform resuscitation on him. When Wilma paddles over, a huge wave throws Fred onto her shoulders. Wilma manages to navigate through the pillars of a boardwalk, bringing her surfboard to rest inside the revolving door of the hotel. Fred and Wilma win the trophy for most adept use of a surfboard, and Darrock performs in the hotel restaurant, singing about the surfing craze.
★ ''
Gilligan's Island'' -
"Big Man on Little Stick" (1965). A surfer by the name of Duke Williams washes up on the shore and collapses, having spent five days at sea on his surfboard. The girls fall for Duke, played by
Denny Miller, so Gilligan tries to learn how to surf by tying his feet to Duke's surfboard. Despite their interest in the newcomer, Ginger and Mary Ann panic when he makes a pass at each of them. To resolve the conflict, the castaways pretend the girls are not available. Ginger is with the Professor and Mary Ann is with Gilligan. So, Duke decides to leave the island and manages to depart by catching a huge wave. The men sit around the radio, anxiously listening to news of Duke's arrival in Hawaii. To their dismay, Duke doesn't remember where he's been for the last two weeks, having hit a rock and suffered
amnesia.
★ ''
The Brady Bunch'' -
"Hawaii Bound" (1972)
★ ''
Even Stevens'' -
"Surf's Up" (2003)
★ ''
The Surreal Life'' -
"Surf School" (2004)
★ ''
Charlie's Angels'' - ''
Angels in Paradise'' (1977)
Fictional Surfers in TV
★
Denny Miller as the handsome surfer Duke Williams, guest starring on
''Gilligan's Island''. Duke Williams is the
stereotypical surfer of the early sixties: simple-minded, yet handsome and athletic.
★
Luke Perry as
Dylan McKay was often seen surfing during the first few seasons of
Beverly Hills, 90210.
Surfing Music
Main articles: Surf music
Surf culture is reflected in
surf music, with sub-genres such as
surf rock and
surf pop. This includes works from such artists as
Jan and Dean,
The Beach Boys,
The Surfaris ("
Wipe Out!"),
Dick Dale, and
The Ventures. The music inspired dance crazes such as
The Stomp,
The Frug, and
The Watusi. A newer wave of surf music has started in the acoustic riffs of artists such as
Jack Johnson and
Donavon Frankenreiter, who are both former professional surfers. The rise of surfers creating their own music and new style of surf rock has started.
Surf rock
★ ''
Wedding Cake Island'',
Midnight Oil, 1975.
★ ''
Reef''
Surf pop
★ ''
Surfer Girl'' (single),
The Beach Boys, 1963.
★ ''Surf City'',
Jan and Dean, 1963.
★ ''Surfer Joe'',
The Surfaris, 1963.
★ ''He's my blonde headed stompie-wompie real gone surfer boy'',
Little Pattie, 1963.
★ ''Fun Fun Fun'',
The Beach Boys, 1964.
★ ''Surf Song'',
Fenix
★ TX, 1999.
Instrumental
★
Dick Dale, 1960s to present.
★ ''
Walk Don't Run'',
The Ventures, 1960.
★ ''
Apache'',
The Shadows, 1960. (British group)
★ ''
Bombora'' (single),
The Atlantics, 1963.
★ ''
Wipe Out'',
The Surfaris, 1962.
★
The Blue Stingrays, 1997.
Video Games About Surfing
★ ''
Kelly Slater's Pro Surfer''
★ ''
Fashion
Billabong
Quiksilver
Roxy
Da Kine
T&C
'Surfwear' is a popular style of casual clothing, inspired by surf culture. Many surf related
brand-names originated as
cottage industry, supplying local surfers with
boardshorts,
Ugg_boots,
wetsuits,
surfboards or
leg-ropes/leashes.
Today, its popularity extends so far beyond the surfing community, that some of its most high profile brands are listed on the
Stock Exchange. These companies gain exposure through sponsoring professional surfers and the contests in which they compete.
★
'Billabong' was founded in
Australia in 1973. As well as the Billabong
brand-name, the company sells surfwear under the
Palmers Surf,
Honolua Surf and
Von Zipper brands, as well as
Element skate clothing and hardware.
★
'Rip Curl' is a major
Australian manufacturer and retailer of surfwear and surfgear. The company started from the humble beginnings of two surfers in
Torquay producing wetsuits from their garden shed. Rip Curl remains a
private company. Rip Curl is the sponsor of one of the largest surf competitions called the Rip Curl Pro, where the top 40 surfers on the world circuit compete for the title.
★
'Quiksilver' is the world's largest manufacturer of surfwear. It was founded in Australia in
1969, when
Torquay surfers
Alan Green and
John Law came up with the idea of selling
wetsuits for a living. They redesigned the wetsuit, creating one that was specifically designed for surfing, and over time, introduced a range of surfwear products, at a time when there was little competition.
★
'Roxy' is
Quiksilver's brand of
clothing,
accessories, and
surf equipment named after the daughter of one of the founders. The logo is
Quiksilver's, reflected, forming a heart. It is oriented toward young girls and women.
★
'Da Kine' is a US based company specializing in sportswear and sports equipment. In 1979
Rob Kaplan started manufacturing the Da Kine
surfboard leash which quickly gained industry recognition and praise for innovative design and bulid quality. Between 1981 and 1984 Da Kine developed the world's first adjustable
windsurfing footstrap and
windsurfing harness. Currently, Da Kine is present on the
Surfing,
Skateboarding,
Snowboarding,
Ski,
Windsurfing,
Kitesurfing and
Mountain Biking markets.
★
'Town & Country' (aka. T&C) is a US based
surfboard manufacturer that expanded into a full line of surfwear and
surfing accessories and now has retail shops throughout the world in countries such as
Japan,
Australia, and
Peru.
Other surfwear labels
Events
Festivals
★
Nude Night Surfing Sydney Fringe Festival,
Bondi Beach, Sydney, Australia.
★
Saint Jean de Luz Surf Film Festival.
★
Wavescapes Surf Film Festival
★
Surf Film Festibal
Trade Shows
★
ASR
★
Surf Expo
★
Italia Surf Expo
Surfing Contests
Competitive surfing is a comparison sport. Riders, competing in pairs or small groups, are allocated a certain amount of time to ride waves and display their prowess and mastery of the craft. Competitors are then judged according to how competently the wave is ridden, including the level of difficulty, as well as frequency of maneuvers. There is a professional surfing
world surfing championship series held annually at surf breaks around the world.
Although competitive surfing has become an extremely popular and lucrative activity, both for its participants and its sponsors, the sport does not have its origins as a competitive pursuit. It is common to hear debate rage between purists of the sport, who still maintain the ideal of "soul surfing", and surfers who engage in the competitive and, consequently, commercial side of the activity.
[2] An organisation called the
Spirit of Surfing has chosen not to accept surf label sponsorship, since an association of that sort could detract from the sentiment they wish to promote.
Surfing Organizations
★
Association of Surfing Professionals
★ Bronzed Aussies
★
SurfAid
★
Surfing Australia
★
Swiss Surfing Association (SSA)
Spin-Offs & Influences
Boardsports
Surfers developed the
skateboard to be able to "surf" on land. Later came
windsurfing (also known as ''sailboarding''),
bodyboarding,
wakeboarding,
skimboarding,
snowboarding,
riverboarding,
kiteboarding,
sandboarding,
mountainboarding,
carveboarding all now competitive sports. Another fast growing boardsport is
skurfing a mix of surfing and more conventional water sports in which the participant is towed behind the boat.
Pineboarding and sandboarding are recreational boardsports.
Conceptual metaphor
The word "surf" is
polysemous; having multiple, related meanings. "Surfing" the
World Wide Web is the act of following
hyperlinks. The phrase "surfing the Internet" was first popularized in print by
Jean Armour Polly, a librarian, in an article called "Surfing the INTERNET", published in the Wilson Library Bulletin in June, 1992.
Branding
★
Surf laundry detergent
★
Toyota Hilux Surf (called
Toyota 4Runner in North America).
Surfing in Multimedia
Internet
Surfing Forums
★
Swaylocks Surfboard Design Forum
Surfing Portals
★
International surfing news
★
Surfing Videos
Live Surf Cams
★
Australia's popular surf breaks
Surf Forecasting
Main articles: Surf forecasting Thousands of sites offer surf forecasting and reporting, from single beaches to the entire world. Some of the larger, more popular and reliable ones are:
★
Coastal Watch - Australia
★
Magic Seaweed
★
Storm Surf - California
★
Surfline
★
Wetsand
CD-ROM
★
Surfology 101
3D Models
★
Tubing wave, using
SketchUp, can be downloaded into
Google Earth.
★
Surfboard, using
SketchUp
★
Surfboard, available in various formats.
Print media
Surfing Magazines
★
TransWorld SURF
★
Tracks
★
Surfing World
★
Australia's Surfing Life
★
Pitpilot magazine
★
Wave Action Surf Magazine
★
Surfer Magazine
★
Surf Girl magazine
★
Surfer's Journal
★
Wavelength
★
Carve
Surfing in Non-Fiction
Popular
★
Surfing: A History of the Ancient Hawaiian Sport, Finney, B.
★
Australian Beach Cultures: The History of Sun, Sand, and Surf, Booth, D.
★
Eddie Would Go: The Story of Eddie Aikau, Hawaiian Hero and Pioneer of Big Wave Surfing, Holmes Coleman, S.
★ The Illustrated Discography of Surf Music (1961-1965) Blair, J. Riverside, California, 1983.
★ A Pictorial History of Surfing. Finney, B. and Margan, F. Paul Hamlyn, Sydney, 1970.
★ Cowabunga: The Complete Book of Surfing. Wardlaw, L. Avon Books, New York, 1991.
★ The History of Surfing. Young, N. Palm Beach Press, 1983.
Academic Topics
Natural Science
★
The Science of Surfing Waves and Surfing Breaks, Scarfe, ''et al''. (2003), Scripps Institution of Oceanography Technical Report.
★
Mathematics and bodysurfing, Neville de Mestre, Faculty of Information Technology, Bond University.
★
A numerical study of breaking waves in the surf zone, Pengzhi, L. et al., School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University.
★ Waves and Beaches, Bascombe, WR. Doubleday.
★
The Wetsand Wavecast Guide to Surf Forecasting: A Simple Approach to Planning the Perfect Sessions Cool, NT.
★
Ocean Surface Waves: Their Physics and Prediction Massel, SR.
★
Waves of Semiosis: Surfing’s Iconic Progression, Flynn, PJ (1987), The American Journal of Semiotics
★
The Aesthetics of Risk: A Study of Surfing, M Stranger (1999), International Review for the Sociology of Sport, irs.sagepub.com
★ To the Extreme: Alternative Sports, Inside and Out, Rinehart, RE. Sydnor, S. (2003), State University of New York Press
★
Good to the last drop! Understanding surfer motivations, Butts, SE. (2001), Sociology of Sport, physed.otago.ac.nz
★
Sick, Filthy, and Delirious: surf film and video and the documentary mode, Beattie, K. (2001), Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies, Vol. 15, No. 3.
★
Putting up your Dukes: Statues Social Memory and Duke Paoa Kahanamoku, Osmond, G. Phillips, MG. O’Neill, M. (2006), The International Journal of the History of Sport, Taylor & Francis
★
Hangin' ten: The common-pool resource problem of surfing, Rider, R. College of Arts and Sciences, Economics Program, California State University, San Marcos, CA, 92096-0001, U.S.A.
★ Surfing the Other: Ideology on the Beach, Rutsky, RL, (1999), Film Quarterly, Vol. 52, No. 4.
★
‘We shall Fight on the Seas and the Oceans…We shall: Commodification, Localism and Violence’, Scott, P.(2003), MC: a journal of media and culture, Vol.6, No.1.
★
‘Just the lemon next to the pie’: Apocalypse, History and the Limits of Myth in Big Wednesday, Ormrod, J. (1978), Manchester Metropolitan University.
★ Surf tourism and sustainable development in Indo-Pacific islands: I. The industry and the islands. Buckley, RC. (2002), Journal of Sustainable Tourism
★ Surf tourism and sustainable development in Indo-Pacific islands: II. Recreational Capacity Management and Case Study. Buckley, RC. (2002), Journal of Sustainable Tourism, Vol. 10, No. 5, 2002.
★
A Sociological Study of the Surfing Subculture in the Santa Cruz Aea Masters Thesis by Stephen Wayne Hull (1976), Department of Sociology, San Jose State University.
★
Waves of Transformation Crawford, C. Masters thesis.
★ "Surfing, the Ultimate Pleasure". Lueras, Leonard. Honolulu: Emphasis International, 1984.
★
"The Search Issues of Play, Identification, Agency, and Deviance in the Absence of Mainstream Sports: Towards a Discovery of the Social Meaning of the Sport of Surfing". Ehrlich, JN. Honors Thesis for the Undergraduate Research Program in the Department of Sociology at the University Of California, Irvine.
★ "Civilising Surfers: Exploring Subculture Through Historical Consumer Research" Robin Canniford (2006) PhD Thesis.
★ "“Marketing the Savage” Canniford, R. & Shankar, A. - Book Chapter in Cova, B., Shankar, A. and Kozinets, R. (2007) "Consumer Tribes: Theory, Practice and Prospects", Oxford: Elsevier
★ "Surf Soundtracks" Canniford, R. & Ormrod, J. - European Association for Consumer Research Conference, University of Bocconi Milan 2007.
★ How to Surf, Evers, C. (2006), Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 30, No. 3.
★
Locals Only! Evers, C. (2006), Conference Proceedings, Everyday Multiculturalism, Macquarie University.
★ Men who Surf, Evers, C. (2004), Cultural Studies Review, 10, No. 1.
★ Becoming-Man Becoming-Wave, Evers, C. (2005), Doctoral Thesis, University of Sydney, Australia
Surfing in Fiction
Comics
★ Captain Goodvibes
★
Wilbur Kookmeyer
★
Silver Surfer, who rides a surfboard-like vehicle
Prose
★ ''Surfing in Hawaii: A Personal Memoir'', by Desmond Muirhead
★ ''Paunalu'', by Rustom Calisch
★ ''The Impact Zone'', by Ray Maloney
★ ''
Fear Nothing'', ''
Seize the Night'', by Dean Koontz. Christopher Snow, the main character, is a surfer, as are his best friend Bobby Halloway and girlfriend Sasha Goodall. Bobby makes his living running a surf forceasting service called Surfcast. Christopher's experience of surfing is rather unusual: suffering from the genetic disorder
xeroderma pigmentosum he cannot go out during the day, but only at night.
Philosophical novels
★ ''West of Jesus: Surfing, Science, and the Origins of Belief'', by
Steven Kotler
Surfing Reference Materials
★
Encyclopedia of Surfing
★
Riptionary surf lingo dictionary
★
Surfin'Ary: A Dictionary of Surfing Terms and Surfspeak T Cralle (2001)
Sculpture
Surfing Monuments
★
Katwijk aan Zee.
★
Sculpture by the Sea,
Bondi Beach.
★
Newport, UK.
★
Michigan, "Wave Field".
★ Santa Cruz Surf Statue.
★ Waikiki Surf Statue.
★
Swami's Surfing Memorial Sculptor/artist, George Bredehoft.
★ Hermosa Beach Surf Legends Memorial Fountain.
Graphic Art
Main articles: Surf art
Early depictions
★ ''
The Great Wave Off Kanagawa'' (Japanese wave).
Textiles
★
Mambo Graphics
Surf Tourism
★
Surf camps
★
Yacht surfing adventures
★
Surf Camps Worldwide
★
Surfboat Maldives
Surfing Education
Main articles: Surf school
★ Surfing instructor certificate
★ Diploma of Surfing Studies
References
1. Culture Jock University of Chicago Magazine, December '05, Volume 98, Issue 2.
2. Billion Dollar Breakers: The Professional Surfing World Background Briefing, ABC Radio National, Sunday, 13 April, 1997
See also
★
Surfing
★
History of surfing
★
World surfing champion
★
List of surfing topics
★
List of surfing areas
★
List of surfers
★
Surf Art
★
Huntington Beach
External links
★
Australian surf culture.
★
Santa Cruz Surfing Museum in
Santa Cruz, California, with
museum panoramas at the City of Santa Cruz's website.
★
Club Of The Waves - Surf Art, History & Culture site with featured surf artists & photographers.
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