(Redirected from Sting (musician))
'Gordon Matthew Thomas Sumner',
CBE (born
2 October,
1951), universally known by his
stage name 'Sting', is an
English musician from
Newcastle upon Tyne. Prior to starting his solo career, he was the principal composer, lead
singer and
bass player of the rock band
The Police.
Biography
Early life
Sumner was born in
Wallsend, near
Newcastle upon Tyne in northeast
England[1], to Audrey Cowell and her husband, Ernest Sumner. He is the eldest of four children and has a brother, Philip, and two sisters, Angela and Anita. His father managed a dairy, and as a boy he would often assist him with the early morning milk delivery rounds. Sumner was raised in the
Roman Catholic tradition, due to the influence of his paternal grandmother, who was from an
Irish family.
He attended
St. Cuthbert's Grammar School in Newcastle upon Tyne, and then the
University of Warwick in
Coventry, which he left after only one term. During this time, he would often sneak into nightclubs like the Club-A-Go-Go. Here, he would watch acts such as
Jack Bruce and
Jimi Hendrix who would later influence his music. After jobs as a bus conductor, a construction labourer and a tax officer, he attended Northern Counties Teachers' Training College, which later became part of
Northumbria University, from 1971 to 1974. He then worked as a teacher at St. Paul's First School in
Cramlington for two years.
From an early age, Sumner knew that he wanted to be a
musician.
His first music
gigs were wherever he could get a job, performing evenings, weekends, and during vacations from college and teaching. He played with local
jazz bands such as the Phoenix Jazzmen, the Newcastle Big Band, and
Last Exit.
Origin of nickname
Sting has stated that he gained his nickname while with the Phoenix Jazzmen. He once performed wearing a black and yellow
jersey with hooped stripes that bandleader Gordon Solomon had noted made him look like a
bumblebee; thus Sumner became "Sting." He uses Sting almost exclusively, except on official documents. In a press conference filmed in the movie ''Bring on the Night'', he jokingly stated when referred to by a journalist as Gordon, "My children call me Sting, my mother calls me Sting, who is this Gordon character?"
The Police
Main articles: The Police
In January 1977, Sting moved from Newcastle to
London, and soon thereafter he joined
Stewart Copeland and
Henry Padovani (who was very soon replaced by
Andy Summers) to form the
New Wave band
The Police. Between 1978 and 1983, they released five chart-topping albums and won six
Grammy Awards.
Although their initial sound was punk inspired, The Police soon switched to
reggae-tinged rock and minimalist
pop. Their last album, ''
Synchronicity'', which included their most successful song, "
Every Breath You Take", was released in 1983. Another popular song of the Police is "
Don't Stand So Close to Me" which made number 1.
While never formally breaking up, after ''Synchronicity'', the group agreed to concentrate on solo projects. As the years went by, the band members, particularly Sting, increasingly dismissed the possibility of reforming. In 2007, however, the band reformed and announced a
world tour.
Early solo work
In September 1981, Sting made his first live solo appearance, performing on all four nights of the fourth
Amnesty International benefit
The Secret Policeman's Other Ball at the invitation of producer
Martin Lewis. He performed solo versions of "
Roxanne" and "
Message in a Bottle", playing the guitar.
He also led an all-star band (dubbed "The Secret Police") on his own arrangement of
Bob Dylan's, "
I Shall Be Released". The band and chorus included
Eric Clapton,
Jeff Beck,
Phil Collins,
Bob Geldof and
Midge Ure, all of whom (except Beck) later worked together on
Live Aid.
His performances were featured prominently in the album and movie of the show and drew Sting major critical attention. Sumner's participation in ''
The Secret Policeman's Other Ball'' was the beginning of his growing involvement in raising money and consciousness for political and social causes.
In 1982 he released a solo single, ''Spread a Little Happiness'' from the a film version of the
Dennis Potter television play ''
Brimstone and Treacle''. The song was a re-interpretation of a song from the 1920s musical ''
Mr. Cinders'' by
Vivian Ellis, and was a surprise Top 20 hit in the UK.
1980s
Sting's first solo album, 1985's ''
The Dream of the Blue Turtles'', featured a cast of accomplished jazz musicians, including
Kenny Kirkland,
Darryl Jones,
Omar Hakim, and
Branford Marsalis. It included the hit single "
If You Love Somebody Set Them Free". The single included a fan favorite non-LP track titled "Another Day". The album also yielded the hits "
Fortress Around Your Heart", "
Russians", and "Love is the Seventh Wave". Within a year, it reached Triple
Platinum. This album would help Sting garner a
Grammy nomination for Album of the Year. The film and video "Bring On The Night" documented the formation of the band and its first concert in France.
Also in 1985, he sang the introduction and chorus to "
Money for Nothing", a groundbreaking song by
Dire Straits (because he reused his melody from
The Police hit
Don't Stand So Close to Me for his vocal parts, he was given co-writer status and receives royalties based on his somewhat minor performance. It is one of only two shared songwriting credits on any Dire Straits album). He would perform this song with Dire Straits at the Live Aid Concert at
Wembley Stadium. Sting also provided a short guest vocal performance on the
Miles Davis album ''
You're Under Arrest''. He also sang backing vocals in
Arcadia's single "
The Promise" from their only album, "
So Red The Rose". He also contributed a version of "
Mack the Knife" to the
Hal Willner-produced tribute album ''.
Sting released ''
...Nothing Like the Sun'' in 1987, including the hit songs "
We'll Be Together", "Fragile", "
Englishman in New York", and "Be Still My Beating Heart", dedicated to his recently-deceased mother. It eventually went Double Platinum. The song "The Secret Marriage" from this album was adapted from a melody by German composer
Hans Eisler, and "Englishman In New York" was about the eccentric writer
Quentin Crisp. The album's title is taken from
William Shakespeare's
Sonnet #130.
Soon thereafter, in February 1988, he released ''Nada Como el Sol'', a selection of five songs from ''Sun'' sung (by Sting himself) in
Spanish and
Portuguese. Sting was also involved in two other recordings in the late 1980s, the first in 1987 with noted jazz arranger
Gil Evans who placed Sting in a big band setting for a live album of Sting's songs (the CD was not released in the U.S.), and the second on
Frank Zappa's 1988 "
Broadway The Hard Way" album, where Sting performs an unusual arrangement of "Murder By Numbers", set to the tune "Stolen Moments" by jazz composer
Oliver Nelson, and "dedicated" to fundamentalist evangelist
Jimmy Swaggart.
October 1988 saw the release of
Igor Stravinsky's ''
The Soldier's Tale'' with the London Sinfonietta conducted by
Kent Nagano. It featured
Vanessa Redgrave, Sir
Ian McKellen and Sting in the role of the soldier.
1990s
Sting's 1991 album ''
The Soul Cages'' was dedicated to his recently deceased father and included the Top 10 song "All this Time" and the Grammy-winning "Soul Cages". The album eventually went Platinum. The following year, he married
Trudie Styler and was awarded an honorary doctorate degree in music from
Northumbria University. In 1993, he released the album ''
Ten Summoner's Tales'', which went Triple Platinum in just over a year. ''Ten Summoner's Tales'' was nominated for the
Mercury Prize in 1993 and nominated for the
Grammy Award for Album of the Year in 1994. The title is wordplay on his surname, Sumner and
Geoffrey Chaucer's classic
The Canterbury Tales The single, "Fields of Gold" had moderate success on radio airways. Concurrent video albums were released to support "Soul Cages" (a live concert) and "Ten Summoner's Tales" (recorded during the recording sessions for the album).
In May 1993, Sting released a cover of his own classic Police song from the ''
Ghost in the Machine'' album, "Demolition Man" for the ''
Demolition Man'' film.
Sting reached a pinnacle of success in 1994. Together with
Bryan Adams and
Rod Stewart, they performed the chart-topping song "All For Love" from the film ''
The Three Musketeers''. The song stayed at the top of the U.S. charts for five weeks and went Platinum; it is to date Sting's only song from his post-Police career to top the U.S. charts. In February, he won two more Grammy Awards and was nominated for three more. The
Berklee College of Music gave him his second honorary doctorate of music degree in May. In November, he released a
greatest hits compilation called ''Fields of Gold: The Best of Sting'', which eventually was certified Double Platinum.
Sting's 1996 album, ''
Mercury Falling'' debuted strongly, but it dropped quickly on the charts. Yet, he reached the
Top 40 with two singles the same year with "You Still Touch Me" (June) and "
I'm So Happy I Can't Stop Crying" (December). During this period, Sting was also recording music for the upcoming Disney film ''Kingdom of the Sun'', which went on to be reworked into ''
The Emperor's New Groove''. The film went through drastic overhauls and plot changes, many of which were documented by Sting's wife,
Trudie Styler. She captured the moment he was called by Disney who then informed him that his songs would not be used in the final film. The story was put into a final product: ''The Sweatbox'', which premiered at the
Toronto Film Festival. Disney currently holds the rights to the film and will not grant its release. That same year Sting also released a little-known CD-ROM called ''All This Time'', which was well ahead of its time in providing music, commentary and custom computer features describing Sting and his music from his perspective.
Also in 1996, Sting provided some vocals for the
Tina Turner single
On Silent Wings as a part of her
Wildest Dreams album, this peaked at #13 in the UK.
"Moonlight," a rare jazz performance by Sting for the 1995 remake of Sabrina, written by Alan Bergman, Marilyn Bergman and John Williams, was nominated for a 1997 Grammy Award for Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or Television.
2000s
''The Emperor's New Groove'' soundtrack was released, however, with complete songs from the previous version of the film, which included
Rascal Flatts and
Shawn Colvin. This is seen by many as a move on Disney's part to soothe the relationship with Sting and to keep open the door for future projects. The final single used to promote the film was "My Funny Friend and Me".
Sting's September 1999 album ''
Brand New Day'' included the Top 40 hits "Brand New Day" and "
Desert Rose" (Top 10). The album went Triple Platinum by January 2001. In 2000, he won Grammy Awards for ''Brand New Day'' and the song of the same name. At the awards ceremony, he performed "Desert Rose" with his collaborator on the album version,
Cheb Mami. For his performance, the Arab-American Institute Foundation gave him the
Kahlil Gibran Spirit of Humanity Award. However, Sting was criticised for appearing in a
Jaguar advertisement using "Desert Rose" as its backing track, particularly as he was a notable
environmentalist.
In February 2001, he won another Grammy. His song "After The Rain Has Fallen" made it into the Top 40. His next project was to record a live album at his
Tuscan villa, which was to be released as a CD and DVD, as well as being simulcast in its entirety on the internet. The CD and DVD were to be entitled "On such a night" and should feature re-workings of Sting favourites such as "Roxanne" and "If You Love Somebody Set Them Free." The concert, however, was scheduled for
September 11, 2001 and due to
the terrorist attacks in America that same day, the project was altered in various ways. The webcast was shut down after one song (a reworked version of "Fragile"), after which Sting let it be up to the audience whether or not to continue with the show. Eventually they decided to go through with the concert, and the resultant album and DVD was released in November under a different title, "...All This Time". Both are dedicated "to all those who lost their lives on that day."
He performed a special arrangement of "Fragile" with
Yo-Yo Ma and the
Mormon Tabernacle Choir during the opening ceremonies of the
2002 Winter Olympics in
Salt Lake City,
Utah.
In 2002 Sting won a
Golden Globe Award and in June, he was inducted into the
Songwriters Hall of Fame. In the summer, Sting was awarded the
honour of Commander of the
Order of the British Empire (CBE). In 2003 with, he released ''
Sacred Love'', a studio album featuring collaborations with
hip-hop artist
Mary J. Blige and
sitar maestro
Anoushka Shankar. He and Blige won a Grammy for their duet, "Whenever I Say Your Name."
His autobiography ''Broken Music'' was published in October. Sting embarked on a ''Sacred Love'' tour in 2004 with performances by
Annie Lennox. Sting went on the Broken Music tour, touring smaller venues, with a four piece band kicking off in Los Angeles on
28 March 2005 and ending this "College Tour" on
14 May 2005. Sting appears as a guest on the 2005 ''
Monkey Business (album)'' CD by
American hip-hop group
The Black Eyed Peas, adding vocals to the track "Union" which makes heavy use of samples from his ''
Englishman in New York''.
Continuing with his involvement in
Live Aid, he appeared at
Live 8 in July 2005. During 2006, Sting collaborated with Roberto Livi in producing a Spanish language version of his cult classic "Fragile" entitled "Fragilidad" on the album "Rhythms Del Mondo" by Latino recording legends "The Buena Vista Sound" (previously known as the Buena Vista Social Club) available via www.apeuk.org.
In October 2006, Sting released an album, to mixed reviews, entitled ''
Songs from the Labyrinth'' featuring the music of
John Dowland (an
Elizabethan-era composer) and accompaniment from
Bosnian lute player
Edin Karamazov.
[2] As a part of the promotion of this album, he appeared on the fifth episode of
Studio 60 during which he performed a segment of Dowland's "
Come Again" as well as his own "
Fields of Gold" in the arrangement for voice and two
archlutes. Reports surfaced in early 2007 that Sting would reunite with his former Police bandmates for a 30th anniversary tour. These rumours were confirmed by posts on the popular fanzine ''Stingus'' and on various other newswebsites such as
De Standaard,
Yahoo! etc.
On February 11, 2007, Sting reunited with the other members of the Police as the introductory act for the 2007
Grammy Awards, singing "
Roxanne", and subsequently announced
The Police Reunion Tour, the first concert of which was held in Vancouver on May 28 in front of 22,000 delighted fans at one of two nearly sold-out concerts. Opening with "Message in a Bottle" Sting and his bandmates Stewart Copeland and Andy Summers served up two hours of blockbuster hits much to the excitement of all who attended. The Police will be on tour for approximately a year, beginning with North America and eventually crossing over to Europe.
Acting career
Sting occasionally has ventured into
acting. Notable film roles include:
★ The Ace Face, the King of The Mods, a.k.a. The Bell Boy in the movie adaptation of The Who album ''
Quadrophenia'' (1979)
★ Martin Taylor, a drifter in ''
Brimstone and Treacle'' (1982)
★
Feyd-Rautha Harkonnen in the movie ''
Dune'' (1984)
★ Mick, a black-marketeer in ''
Plenty'' (1985)
★
Baron Frankenstein in ''
The Bride'' (1985)
★ Himself in the documentary film ''
Bring on the Night'' (1985)
★ A "heroic officer" in ''
The Adventures of Baron Munchausen'' (1988)
★ Finney, a nightclub owner in ''
Stormy Monday'' (1988)
★ Daniel, a British gentleman in ''
Julia and Julia'' (1988)
★ Fledge in ''
The Grotesque'' (1995), in which he appears nude
★ Himself on
The Simpsons episode
Radio Bart (1992)
★ J.D., Eddie's father and owner of a bar, in ''
Lock, Stock, and Two Smoking Barrels'' (1998)
★ Himself on the
Vicar of Dibley Comic Relief special (2007)
Sting narrated the American premiere of the musical ''Yanomamo'' (1983), by
Peter Rose and Anne Conlon outlining problems that existed in the Amazon Rainforest. This was made into a film and later broadcast as ''Song of the Forest'' (currently available from WWF-UK). Other appearances on the
stage and
television include guest spots on ''
Saturday Night Live'' and ''
Ally McBeal''. He also provided the voice of
Zarm on the 1990s television show ''
Captain Planet and the Planeteers''. In 1989 he starred as Macheath (Mack the Knife) in the
The Threepenny Opera, the classic 1928 German musical work by Bertolt Brecht and Kurt Weill in New York and Washington. He most recently appeared as a musical guest on the fictional series ''
Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip''.
Activism
While with the Police, Sting wrote "Driven to Tears," an angry indictment of apathy in the face of world hunger, and it preceded his work on Sir Bob Geldof's "
Feed The World" project. Sting sang on "Do They Know It's Christmas?" -- a hit single from Geldof's pop music super-group called "Band Aid" which eventually led to the
Live Aid Concert in July of 1985, in which Sting also took part, performing with Branford Marsalis, Phil Collins, and with the group Dire Straits.
Throughout the 1980s, Sting strongly supported
environmentalism and
humanitarian movements, such as
Amnesty International. In 1986 he was interviewed by the BBC about the origins of his support for Amnesty International and he stated: "I've been a member of Amnesty and a support member for five years, due to an entertainment event called ''The Secret Policeman's Ball'' and before that I did not know about Amnesty, I did not know about its work, I did not know about torture in the world."
Sting's first involvement in the human rights cause occurred in September 1981 when he was invited by producer
Martin Lewis to participate in the fourth Amnesty International gala ''
The Secret Policeman's Other Ball'' following the example set at the 1979 show by
Pete Townshend.
[3] Sting performed two of his Police compositions as a soloist - ''Roxanne'' and ''Message In A Bottle'' - appearing on all four nights of the show at the Theatre Royal in London. Sting also led an impromptu super-group of other musicians (dubbed ''The Secret Police'') performing at the show including
Eric Clapton,
Jeff Beck,
Phil Collins,
Donovan,
Bob Geldof and
Midge Ure in the show's grand finale - Sting's own reggae-tinged arrangement of
Bob Dylan's ''I Shall Be Released''. The event was the first time that Sting had worked with Geldof, Collins and Ure - an association that developed further with 1984's ''Band Aid'' and 1985's ''Live Aid''. Sting's performance - his first live appearances as a solo performer - was prominently featured on the album of the show (being its lead tracks) and in the film. In 1986, Sting was one of the headline performers on Amnesty's
Conspiracy Of Hope tour of the US.
The summit of his many contributions to the human-rights cause came in 1988, when he joined a team of other major musicians - including
Peter Gabriel and
Bruce Springsteen - assembled under the banner of Amnesty International for the six-week world tour
Human Rights Now! Tour celebrating the 40th anniversary of the signing of the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
In 1988, he released the single "They Dance Alone" which chronicled the plight of the mothers, wives and daughters of the "disappeared", the innocent victims of the
Pinochet regime in
Chile. Unable to publicly voice their grievances to the government about their missing loved ones, for fear that they would "go missing" too, the women of Chile would pin photos of their "disappeared" relatives on their clothing, and dance in silent outrage against the government in public places.
With his wife
Trudie Styler and Raoni Metuktire, a
Kayapó Indian leader in
Brazil, Sting founded the
Rainforest Foundation to help save the
rainforests. His support for these causes continues to this day, and includes an annual benefit concert held at New York's Carnegie Hall with Billy Joel, Elton John, James Taylor and other music superstars. A species of Colombian tree frog, ''
Dendropsophus stingi'', was named after him in recognition of his "commitment and efforts to save the rain forest" (Kaplan 1994).
In the early 1990s, Sting performed with
Don Henley and
Billy Joel in New York's Madison Square Garden at The Concert for Walden Woods. He also took part in the post-9-11 rock telethon to raise money for the families of the victims of terror attacks in the United States, and performed at the Live 8 concert, the follow up to 1985's Live Aid Concert.
Sting is known to support
cannabis reclassification in the United Kingdom. Following
Tony Blair's intention to revoke the rescheduling of cannabis executed in January 2006, he has joined a list of prominent figures who have written to the Prime Minister urging him to keep cannabis as a class C drug.
[4]
Personal life
Sting married actress
Frances Tomelty from
Northern Ireland, on
1 May,
1976. Before they divorced in 1984, the couple had two children:
Joseph (born 1976) and Fuchsia Catherine (born 1982). Joe is following in his father's musical footsteps and is a member of the band
Fiction Plane.
In 1982, shortly after the birth of his second child, Sting separated from Tomelty and began living with actress (and later film producer)
Trudie Styler. The couple eventually married in 1992. Sting and Styler have four children: Bridget Michael (a.k.a. "Mickey," born 1984), Jake (born 1985), Eliot Pauline (nicknamed "Coco", born 1990), and Giacomo Luke (born 1995).
Both of Sting's parents died from cancer in 1987. He did not, however, attend either funeral stating that the media fuss would be disrespectful to his parents.
Sumner owns several homes worldwide, including Elizabethan manor house Lake House and its 60-
acre country estate in
Wiltshire,
England, a country cottage in the
Lake District, a
New York City apartment, a beach house in
Malibu, California, a 600-acre estate in
Tuscany, Italy, and two properties in London: an apartment on the
Mall and an 18th century terrace house in
Highgate.
[5] According to an interview he did for German television broadcaster
NDR in 1996, Sting chose a tree on the Lake House estate beside which he wishes to be buried someday.
To keep physically fit, for years Sting ran five miles a day, and performed
aerobics. However, around 1990 he met Danny Paradise who introduced him to
yoga. Soon after, Sting began practicing yoga regularly. His practice consists primarily of an Ashtanga Vinyasa series, though he has experimented with other forms. He has practiced with notable teachers: K. Patthabi Jois, Sharon Gannon, David Life, Maty Ezraty, James Brown, and Seane Corn. Although Sting famously claimed to have had long bouts of
tantric sex with his wife, he has more recently said that it was a dinner-party joke that took on a life of its own.
Sting in other pop culture
★ Sting was the artist's inspiration for the physical appearance of the character
John Constantine in the ''
Hellblazer'' comic book series. This resemblance was not carried over to the 2005 film adaptation of the series, ''
Constantine'', starring
Keanu Reeves.
★ Sting was a fan and frequent passenger of
British Airways' supersonic
Concorde. He appeared in several documentaries and publications as an unofficial spokesperson for the high-speed service, during both its November 2001 relaunch (following a crash and the subsequent grounding of the aircraft) as well as the service's October 2003 retirement.
★ 2005 Kentucky Derby winner
Giacomo is named after Sting's son.
★ Wrote the song "Lullaby To An Anxious Child" for his son Giacomo. Released the song on the ''You Still Touch Me''
CD Maxi Single in 1996.
★ Sting has recorded a version of his song ''A Thousand Years'' with the
fado singer
Mariza
★ An entire episode of the television sitcom
Friends revolved around Phoebe getting tickets to a Sting concert, going to the extent of posing as Susan, Ross' son's lesbian mother, and ends up having a restraining order placed against her.
★ He is an avid
Newcastle United supporter.
★ Sting was spotted as a name in the address book of Clark Devlin in the movie
The Tuxedo.
★ In the movie
Zoolander,
Owen Wilson's character refers to Sting as an inspiration, not having listened to his music, but just respecting him for writing and performing in general.
★ Sting has been a popular anagram subject. Recently spotted at
anagrammy.com were the following: 'Sting and 'The Police' = Taped nice long hits' [by Aronas Pinchas, September 07, 2007]; 'The Police's frontman, singer and bass guitarist ~ 'Sting' is the praisable, fantastic Gordon Sumner' [by Adie Pena, September 03, 2007] and 'Star Sting had a superb self ~ and a fretless upright bass' [by Adie Pena, July 25, 2007].
Discography
Albums
★ ''
The Dream of the Blue Turtles'' (1985) UK #3, USA #2 US: Sales 3 million
★ ''
...Nothing Like the Sun'' (1987) UK #1, USA #9 US: Sales 2 million
★ ''
The Soul Cages'' (1991) UK #1, USA #2 US: Sales 1 million
★ ''
Ten Summoner's Tales'' (1993) UK #2, USA #2 US: Sales 3 million
★ ''
Mercury Falling'' (1996) UK #4, USA #5 US: Sales 1 million
★ ''
Brand New Day'' (1999) UK #5, USA #9 US: Sales 3 million
★ ''
Sacred Love'' (2003) UK #3, USA #3 US: Sales 1 million
★ ''
Songs from the Labyrinth'' (2006) UK #24, USA #25
Live albums
★ ''
Bring On the Night'' (1986) UK #16
★ ''
Acoustic Live in Newcastle'' (1991) UK Release
★ ''
...All This Time'' (2001) UK #3 US #32
★ ''
The Journey and the Labyrinth'' (2007) UK #1 US #1
Compilations
★ ''(1994) UK #2 USA #16 Sales 2 million
★ ''
The Very Best of Sting & The Police'' (1997) UK #1 USA #46 USA Sales 500,000
★ ''
At the Movies'' (1999) Japan Release
Soundtracks and multi-artist albums
★ ''
The Secret Policeman's Other Ball - The Music'' (1982) US #29
★ ''
Demolition Man'' (1993)
★ '' (1995)
★ '' (1995)
★ ''
Dolphins: Soundtrack From The IMAX Theatre Film'' (2000)
Foreign language albums
★ ''
Nada Como el Sol'' (1988)
Singles
AAlso reached #2 on the
Country Tracks chart.
Bibliography
★ 2003 Autobiography ''Broken Music'', Simon & Schuster, ISBN 0-7434-5081-7
★ 2005 Biography ''Sting and I'', James Berryman, John Blake, ISBN 1-84454-107-X
★ 1998 Biography ''Sting - Demolition Man'', Christopher Sandford, Little, Brown and Company, ISBN 0-316-64372-6
★
A new species of frog of the genus Hyla from the Cordillera Oriental in northern Columbia with comments on the taxonomy of Hyla minuta, M. Kaplan, , , Journal of Herpetology, 1994
See also
★
List of number-one hits (United States)
★
List of artists who reached number one on the Hot 100 (U.S.)
★
List of number-one dance hits (United States)
★
List of artists who reached number one on the U.S. Dance chart
★
List of bands/musicians from North East England
References
1. The Biography Channel - Sting Biography
2. Evanescence, OutKast lead busy fall releases, Reuters/Billboard, Jul 29, 2006.
3. [1]
4. [2]
5. [3]
External links
★
Official website
★
StingUs.net
★
StingMe.dk - The Complete Discography by Sting
★
Sting at
NNDB
★
★
Sting's 1994 Commencement Address To The Berklee College of Music
★
List of Sting's touring band line-ups
★
Sting Official discography with original UK Picture Sleeve inc. UK Charts, Other Release for every country & Lyrics
★
Sting Concert Photos
Listening
★
1985 audio interview with Sting (12 minutes)
★
Radio interview about John Dowland songs from NPR ''Performance Today'', March 6, 2007
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