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(Redirected from State-owned enterprise)
A 'government corporation', 'government-owned corporation' or 'government business enterprise' is a legal entity created by a government to exercise some of the powers of the government. Some government corporations may resemble a not-for-profit corporation as they have no need or goal of satisfying the shareholders with return on their investment through price increase or dividends, while other government corporations are established as for-profit businesses, for example Australia Post.

Contents

By region

Western Europe

United States

China

Commonwealth

Japan

OPEC

See also

Further reading

By region

Western Europe

In Western Europe there was a massive nationalization throughout the 1900s, especially after World War II to ensure Government control over natural monopolies and to some extent industry. Typical sectors included telecommunications, power, petroleum, railways, airports, airlines, public transport, health care, postal services and sometimes banks. Many large industrial corporations were also nationalized or created as Government corporations, including among many British Steel, Statoil and Irish Sugar. Starting in the late 1970s and accelerating through the 1980s and 1990s many of these corporations were privatized, though many still remain wholly or partially owned by the respective governments.

United States

In the United States, businesses that are government owned include AMTRAK, Tennessee Valley Authority, Corporation for Public Broadcasting and the United States Postal Service. Many states have government owned businesses for operations as well. Generally speaking, a statute passed by a legislature specifically sets up a government owned company in order to undertake a specific public purpose with public funds or public property.

China

In the People's Republic of China, there are a number of different corporate forms which result in a mixture of public and private capital. In PRC terminology, a state-owned enterprise refers to a particular corporate form, which is increasingly being replaced by the listed company.

Commonwealth

In monarchical Commonwealth countries, particularly Canada, country-wide government corporations often use the style "Crown corporation." Equivalent terms include State-Owned Enterprises and Crown entities in New Zealand, and Government Business Enterprise (GBE) in Australia. Examples of Crown corporations include the CBC in Canada and Air Canada before it underwent privatisation. Cabinet ministers (Ministers of the Crown) often control the shares in such public corporations.
At the level of local government, territorial or other authorities may set up government corporations such as "Local Authority Trading Enterprises" (LATEs). Many local authorities establish services such as water supply as separate corporations or as a business unit of the authority.

Japan

In Japan, Japan Post is currently partially owned by the government, but will soon be sold to the public. JR, NTT and Japan Tobacco were formerly owned by the government.

OPEC

In most OPEC countries, the governments prefer to own the oil companies operating on their soil. A notable example is the Saudi national oil company, Saudi Aramco, which the Saudi government bought in 1988 and changed its name from Arabian American Oil Company to Saudi Arabian Oil Company. The Saudi government also owns and operates Saudi Arabian Airlines, and owns 70% of SABIC, as well as many other companies. They are, however, being publicized gradually.

See also

★ Government Linked Companies

★ Crown corporations of Canada

★ Nationalization

★ Privatization

★ Public company (public corporation)

★ Public Sector Undertaking

★ Public ownership

★ Statsforetak (Norwegian state enterprise)

★ Stock exchange

★ Stock market

★ State-Owned Enterprises of New Zealand

★ Volkseigener Betrieb (VEB)

Further reading

★ The Public Firm with Managerial Incentives by Elmer G. Wiens.