'Stamford' is a city in
Fairfield County,
Connecticut,
United States. According to 2006 Census Bureau estimates, the population of the city is 119,261, making it the fourth largest city in the state.
[ Its population is growing due to an influx of jobs and its close proximity to New York City. Stamford is part of the New York metropolitan area.]
Stamford was the ninth-safest city in the United States in 2006 and for the past six years has ranked in the top 11 safest cities with populations of 100,000 or more, according to the FBI.[ In 2005, Stamford was voted "The Best City to Reside In" by the magazine ''United States Living''. ]
In 2006, CNN/Money and ''Money'' magazine ranked Stamford 46th on its list of the 100 Best Places to Live in the United States.
The city has one major hospital, Stamford Hospital, which also runs the large Tully Health Center, where some extensive procedures are available.
In recent years, many large corporations including Xerox, MeadWestvaco, International Paper, GE Capital and Clairol have moved offices outside of the city due to the high rental cost. However, Royal Bank of Scotland has announced plans for a new global Headquarters in the city by 2008. The trading floor at the UBS building, in downtown Stamford, holds the Guinness World Record as the largest securities trading floor in the world.
Stamford is a sister city of Sparti, Greece, Jiangdu, China, and Settefrati, Italy.[1]
History
Main articles: History of Stamford, Connecticut
Stamford was known as Rippowam by the Native American inhabitants to the region, and the very first European settlers to the area also referred to it as such. The name was later changed to Stamford after a town in Lincolnshire, England. The deed to Stamford was signed on 1 July 1640 between Captain Turner of the New Haven Colony and Chief Ponus. By the Eighteenth century, one of the primary industries of the town was merchandising by water, which was possible due to Stamford's proximity to New York.
In 1692, Stamford was home to a less famous witch trial than the well-known Salem witch trial, which also occurred in 1692. The accusations were less fanatical and smaller-scale but also grew to prominence by gossip and hysterics.[2]
Starting in the late 19th century, New York residents built summer homes on the shoreline, and even back then there were some who moved to Stamford permanently and started commuting to Manhattan by train, although the practice became more popular later. Stamford incorporated as a city in 1893.
A massive urban redevelopment campaign (starting in the 1960s and gaining steam in the 1970s) resulted in a downtown with many tall office buildings. The F.D. Rich Co. was the city-designated urban renewal developer of the downtown in an ongoing redevelopment project that was contentious, beginning in the 1960s and continuing through the 1970s. The company put up the city's tallest structure, Landmark Building, and the GTE building (now One Stamford Forum) along with the Marriott Hotel, the Stamford Town Center and many of the other downtown office buildings. The Landmark Building will soon be dwarfed by two new downtown projects by the Rich Company in partnership with Cappelli Enterprises by the imminent start of construction of the 34 story Trump Parc condominium project and the 400 foot 39 story Ritz Carlton Hotel and Residences development.[3] Over the years, other developers have joined in building up the downtown, a process that continued, with breaks during downturns in the economy, through the 1980s, 1990s and into the new century.
Geography and Climate
Stamford is situated at the southeastern point of Connecticut. It is bordered on the north by Pound Ridge, NY, to the south by Long Island Sound, by Greenwich to the west, and both Darien and New Canaan to the east.
The average high temperature annually is 62.4°F. The average low temperature annually is 40.6°F. The highest recorded temperature was 104°F in 2001. The lowest recorded temperature was -18°F in 1982. The average warmest month is July. January is the average coolest month. The maximum average precipitation occurs in May. The average precipitation from November to March is 21.39 inches. During the winter months, it is not uncommon for snowfall to occur in the northern part of the city where the elevation is higher, yet not occur in the downtown and coastal areas of the city, where the elevation is closer to or at sea level.
Neighborhoods
Unlike larger cities Stamford has non-distinct neighborhoods. The city as a whole is racially diverse. The only neighborhood lacking in this diversity is North Stamford where incomes and home values are higher. The common neighborhoods throughout Stamford (with Zip codes that roughly cover the same areas) are as follow:
06901 - Downtown.
06902 - Cove, East Side, Hubbard Heights, Roxbury, Shippan, Shippan Point, South End, Waterside, West Side, and Westover.
06903 - Long Ridge and North Stamford.
06905 - Belltown, Newfield, Ridgeway, and Turn of River.
06906 - Glenbrook.
06907 - Springdale.
Demographics
The 2006 Census Population estimate for Stamford is 119,261. A 2005 Census survey estimated 49,911 housing units to be in existence. The average median age of 39.3 is slightly higher than the US average median age of 36.4. Stamford's population characteristics are as followed (Source: 2005 Census American Community Survey):
White - 62,372 (53.3%)
Black or African American - 18,019 (15.4%)
Asian - 5,856 (5.0%)
Some Other Race - 7,608 (6.5%)
Two or More Races - 3,593 (3.1%)
Hispanic - 19,635 (16.8%)
One out of three residents are foreign born. A language, other than English, is spoken at home by 40% of the population. The main ancestries of the population (Source: 2000 US Census Bureau) are: Italian (16.9%), Irish (10.5%), German (6.6%), Polish (5.6%), and Russian (3.1%). The top ten countries of origin for the foreign-born population (Source: 2000 US Census Bureau) are:
Haiti - 3,524
Puerto Rico - 3,167
Guatemala - 3,067
India - 2,577
Jamaica - 2,289
Greece - 2,100
Colombia - 1,937
China - 1,495
Mexico - 1,414
Peru - 1,268
Stamford has one of the highest educated populations in the US. Nine out of ten are high school graduates. Those possessing a bachelor's degree or higher is estimated at 45.9% of the population.
The population density was 1,197.5/km² (3,101.9/mi²). There were 47,317 housing units at an average density of 484.0/km² (1,253.6/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 69.79% White., 15.39% Black or African American, 0.21% Native American, 5.00% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 6.50% from other races, and 3.07% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 16.77% of the population.
There were 45,399 households out of which 28.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.5% were married couples living together, 11.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.2% were non-families. 28.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.13.
The proportion of the population under the age of 18 was 22.1%, from 18 to 24 was 7.4%, from 25 to 44 was 35.0%, from 45 to 64 was 21.7%, and 65 years of age or older were 13.8%. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 93.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.9 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $60,556, and the median income for a family was $69,337. Males had a median income of $48,386 versus $36,958 for females. The per capita income for the city was $34,987. About 5.4% of families and 7.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.7% of those under age 18 and 9.7% of those age 65 or over.
Italians form the largest ethnic group in Stamford. Irish, Polish, Jewish, Puerto Rican, African-American, and Caribbean people also make up a significant portion of the population.
Stamford is tied with Iowa City, Iowa for the US metropolitan area with the highest percentage of the adult population holding a bachelor's degree or higher; 44 percent of adults hold a degree. [4]
Transportation
Mass transit
Buildings in Downtown Stamford
Stamford is located on the main branch of the New Haven Line on the Metro-North Railroad, the commuter rail system for northern metropolitan New York City. Stamford is the third busiest station on the Metro North system and serves as a major transfer point for local trains. Stamford Station is also the terminus of a Metro-North branch that ends in New Canaan, about 15 miles (24 km) away, and a part time terminal of Shore Line East trains. Two smaller train stations in Stamford are Glenbrook and Springdale, both a part of the New Canaan branch.
Commuter trains come into Stamford from all points between New London to the east and New York (Grand Central Terminal) to the south. Several express (non-stop) trains leave Stamford each morning and evening for Grand Central. The average non-stop commute is forty-five minutes. While most stations along the Metro North system have seen a drop in ridership, Stamford has seen a significant increase. Much of this increase is a result of reverse commuting, individuals commuting from New York City to Stamford for work. Trains operate from the Stamford station between 4:43 AM (first departure to Grand Central) until 12:25 AM (last departure to Grand Central). On the weekends the first departure for Grand Central occurs at 5:03 AM. Fares during rush hour (on peak) are higher than during non-rush hour (off peak). On peak fares are charged between 4:43 AM - 9:10 AM for trains originating to Grand Central. Trains in transit to Stamford are charged on peak fares from 5:35 AM - 8:37 AM and from 4:02 PM - 7:40 PM. On peak fares do not apply on weekends and/or holidays. Tickets can be brought on board, yet the surcharge can make the price steep.
Stamford also serves as a station along the Amtrak route. Acela, the high speed train service between Boston and Washington, makes several daily stops in Stamford. Amtrak's Regional (Springfield, MA to Washington, DC) and Vermonter (Saint Albans, VT to Washington, DC) also make daily stops in Stamford. Amtrak tickets can be purchased on the upper level of the Stamford station.
Airports
Stamford is within forty-five minutes of four major airports. The closest is Westchester County (White Plains) Airport (HPN) which borders the town of Greenwich (a 20 minute trip by car). The airport offers non-stop flights to eighteen cities, including the major hubs of Atlanta, Chicago, Cincinnati, Detroit, Orlando, and Pittsburgh. While a mid-size airport, tickets at Westchester County Airport can be competitive and/or even less than the surrounding major airports due to low fare carriers Air Tran and Jet Blue. If you lack vehicle transportation, New York LaGuardia Airport is accessible via Metro North (disembark at 125th-Harlem station and take the M60 bus to Queens, a direct trip to the airport). John F. Kennedy International Airport is the closest airport for international flights. The fourth airport is Tweed-New Haven Airport, yet it only offers one flight to Philadelphia, a trip which can be taken more conveniently and cheaper via Amtrak from the Metro North station. Other airports in proximity are Newark Liberty International Airport (1 hr. 10 min.), Long Island MacArthur Airport (1.5 hrs.), Dutchess County (Poughkeepsie) Airport (1.5 hrs.), Stewart (Newburgh) International Airport (1.5 hrs.), and Bradley (Hartford) International Airport (1 hr. 45 min.).
Buses
City bus transportation is provided by CT Transit, which is run and financed by the Connecticut Department of Transportation. The main terminal is adjacent to the underground train station exit on State Street, under the I-95 highway. Bus service runs along major arterial roads through the towns of Darien, Norwalk, Greenwich and Port Chester, New York. A non-stop direct route is also offerred to White Plains, New York. Commuters can connect in Norwalk to points as far east as Milford. Additional connections can be made in Port Chester and White Plains to all points covered by the Bee-Line bus system in Westchester County.
Greyhound provides same bus service from the lower level of the Stamford train station. Locals rarely utilize Greyhound due to the more convenient options available via Metro North and Amtrak. Same bus service is provided to New Haven (Union Station), Boston (South Station), and New York (Port Authority).
Highways
Fairfield County is a prime example of poor urban planning in terms of highway transportation. Neighboring Westchester County has a population slightly larger than Fairfield County, yet it possesses a far more complex highway system composed of I-95, state roads, thruways, and parkways. With fewer accessible highway systems and geographically situated in the artery between Boston and New York, the roads through Stamford are congested daily. The large volume of interstate commerce via trailer trucks only complicates matters further. Interstate 95 serves as the main route through Stamford with four exits (6-9).
The Merritt Parkway runs through the northern part of Stamford. This road is designated for passenger vehicles only. The road extends from Meriden to the state line in Greenwich. After entering New York the Merritt Parkway changes to the Hutchinson Parkway and continues south to Queens, New York. Any congestion on the Merritt Parkway is mostly likely to occur on the southbound lane in the morning and the northbound in the evening (route to and from New York). At night, due to the absence of lighting visibility on the Merritt Parkway is relatively poor. Stamford exits on the Merritt Parkway are 33-35.
Route 1, also known as Main Street in Stamford, is also used as a major artery during the morning and evening commute. Most traffic via Route 1 is short distance or fairly local, yet vehicles have utilized Route 1 during times of heavy congestion on I-95 as a re-route.
Connecticut remains one of the few states without toll roads, yet recent debate is seeking to reintroduce toll roads to the state since they were phased out in 1985.
Economy
Main articles: Economy of Stamford, Connecticut
Stamford has a cluster of corporate headquarters (many of which moved from New York in the 1980s both to lower their tax bills and to be closer to the homes of their top executives). This includes four Fortune 500 Companies, nine Fortune 1000 Companies, thirteen Courant 100 Companies, numerous divisions of large corporations, as well as a large number of secretive hedge funds. This gives Stamford one of the largest concentrations of corporations in the nation.
Among the larger companies with headquarters in Stamford are World Wrestling Entertainment, Xerox and Pitney Bowes. UBS also has its North American headquarters here, boasting North America's largest trading floor.
Royal Bank of Scotland announced in October 2005 that it would consolidate its North American headquarters in downtown Stamford and build the largest trading floor in North America (the current largest trading floor is in the UBS building across the street from where the new building is under construction).
Companies also leave Stamford regularly, either to escape the city's traffic problems or relatively high office rental rates (in which case they often move to Norwalk, Westport or farther to the east in Fairfield County), as a result of being acquired by other businesses (in which case they often move out of state), or for other business reasons. International Paper and MeadWestvaco announced in 2006 that they were leaving the city. Pitney Bowes has kept its headquarters in the city but, like many other companies, it moved some of its back-office operations elsewhere (in this case to Shelton). Stamford and Greenwich both rely on businesses moving in from Manhattan or European companies setting up North American headquarters in local buildings.
Procter & Gamble announced on June 6, 2007 that they are shutting down their Clairol division headquarters in 2010. The location had ~600 employees.
Crime
Stamford was the ninth-safest city in the United States in 2006 (among cities with populations of 100,000 or more), up from the 11th safest in 2005, according to the FBI. The 2006 ranking represented the sixth consecutive year the city ranked in the top 11. FBI crime statistics for the city showed crime went down 1.7 percent in 2006 because of a plunge in property crimes. But the rate of violent crime went up by a total of 29 percent in the two years 2005 and 2006 combined. The increase was due in part due to violent gang battles, often on the West Side.[Lowe, Zach, "Stamford named ninth safest city in U.S." article in ''The Advocate'' of Stamford, June 20, 2007, page 1, Stamford edition]
The violent crime rate climbed five years in a row up through 2006, and the 2005 increase was also in the double digits. The city's 300-officer police force responded to 393 reports of violent crimes in 2006, up from 353 in 2005 and 305 in 2004. The total number of serious assaults dropped from 183 in 2005 to 172 in 2006, according to city records. Robberies rose from 150 to 197 in 2006. Serious assaults dropped 6 percent.
There were three homicides and 23 rapes in 2006, up from two homicides and 18 rapes in 2005. the city reported 2,697 total crimes. With populations close to that of Stamford, Bridgeport (ranked 25th) reported 8,496, Hartford (ranked 26th) reported 10,955 and Waterbury reported 6,447 (New Haven hasn't reported statistics to the F.B.I. in years.
Stamford's Mayor Malloy is a member of the Mayors Against Illegal Guns Coalition,[5] an organization formed in 2006 and co-chaired by New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg and Boston mayor Thomas Menino.
Education
Main articles: Education in Stamford, Connecticut
Stamford has branches of the University of Connecticut, University of Bridgeport and Sacred Heart University. The University of Connecticut's campus is located in a large modern building in downtown that opened in 1998 after extensive renovations to an abandoned former Bloomingdales store. The other two are located in small office parks in Springdale. All are commuter campuses.
As no study has been conducted to assess the cost of education in Stamford, it is difficult to tell whether or not Stamford has a well-funded public education system. Although providing a public education is a state responsibility, Connecticut ranks near the bottom in state share of public education expenditures. Thus, the majority of education funding must come from local governments like that of Stamford. According to the State Department of Education, in the 2004-05 academic year, 42.7% of Stamford's public school students were economically disadvantaged, 34.8% did not have English as a home language and 11.6% were students with disabilities. Research has shown that these populations need additional resources to meet state academic standards. Owing to the state school finance system, the burden of these extra necessary costs of education falls primarily on Stamford's local government. The public school system is an integrated district with racial balance requirements exceeding those of the state of Connecticut. State standards require that a school's racial makeup be within 25% of the community's racial makeup. Stamford's standard is a more strict 10%. Over the years, schools have become unbalanced.
Stamford has several public high schools, Westhill High School, Stamford High School, J.M. Wright Technical High School and the Academy of Information Technology and Engineering. The city also has several private schools, including King and Low-Heywood Thomas School and Trinity Catholic High School, and Bi-Cultural Jewish Day School as well as two state charter schools: Trailblazers Academy Charter Middle School and Stamford Academy Charter High School, both operated by human services nonprofit Domus (http://www.domuskids.org).
Libraries
Stamford's public library, the Ferguson Library, is one of the largest in Connecticut. The main library downtown is the second in the country to rent space to a Starbucks (since September 1999).[6]. The store has its own doors to the street and to the library, and is open earlier and later than the library. The library also shows movies and has a used-book store run by Friends of Ferguson Library.
The library has branches in South End, Springdale, and the Turn of River sections of the city, it also has a bookmobile that runs daily to different neighborhoods. The Turn of River branch, officially called the Harry Bennett Branch, is the largest library branch in the state. That branch also has a used book store run by Friends of Ferguson Library.
Attractions
Parks and recreation sites
★ 'Cummings Park', a public beach, was once a popular spot for shellfishing. The park, developed in 1906, previously was known as Halloween Park because Mayor Homer Cummings cast the deciding vote to create it on Halloween Night.[7]
★ The 83-acre 'Cove Island Park', once a farm and then an enormous factory site, offers visitors a choice of beaches as well as picnic grounds and bluffs. It has a small wildlife sanctuary in the southwest corner that might be interesting for bird watchers. 'SoundWaters Community Center for Environmental Education' is located at the northeast part of the park.
★ 'Terry Connors Ice Rink' shares a parking lot with Cove Island Park. It offers public ice skating for all ages and ability levels, group lessons and ice hockey. It is the home of the Stamford Youth Hockey Association [6].
★ 'Scalzi Park' on Bridge Street has a playground, baseball and softball fields, tennis courts, bocce courts, basketball courts, roller hockey courts, and a baseball stadium named "Cubeta Stadium." Stamford baseball leagues play baseball there. J.M. Wright Technical High School is next to the park. A skate park was opened at Scalzi in July 2007. The city sought input from users in planning the $309,850, concrete skate park and hired Grindline Skateparks Inc. of Seattle, Washington to provide a unique design and build it.[8]
★ Stamford boasts two municipal golf courses. 'E. Gaynor Brennan Golf Course', also referred to locally as Hubbard Heights, opened for play in 1922. 'Sterling Farms Golf Course' opened in May of 1972, and also has a driving range and six tennis courts.
Arts, science and cultural attractions
Main articles: Arts and culture in Stamford, Connecticut
Science and nature
★ The 'Stamford Museum and Nature Center' on a 118-acre site in the northern end of town, has a collection of works by Gutzon Borglum, the sculptor of Mount Rushmore, who was a Stamford resident for a decade.
★ 'The Fairfield County Astronomical Society' was started up in 1954 runs the Stamford Observatory, which has a 22-inch telescope.
★ 'Bartlett Arboretum and Gardens' is a 91 acre botanical gardens and science education center boasting over 850 specimen trees and plants from around the world. It is also home to several Champion Trees; the largest of their species within Connecticut.
★ SoundWaters Community Center for Environmental Education is located in Cove Island Park.
Theater and film
★ 'Stamford Center for the Arts': The Palace Theatre, originally opened as a vaudeville house in 1927, reopened as a nonprofit theater in 1983. It was joined in 1992 by the Rich Forum, another downtown venue. Both have been run by the Stamford Center for the Arts.
★ 'Stamford Theatre Works' professional theater located in the red barn at the corner of Strawberry Hill Avenue and Fifth Street on the campus of the former Sacred Heart Academy, is in its 19th season in 2006-2007.
★ 'Curtain Call Inc.' presents plays and other entertainment at the Sterling Farms Theatre Complex, 1349 Newfield Ave.
Bowtie Theatres has two movie houses in Stamford with a total of 15 movie screens: Crown Landmark and Crown Majestic. On Feb. 13, 2004, the 'Avon Theatre Film Center', a nonprofit movie house focusing on classic, alternative and art films, opened in the former Avon Theatre on Bedford Street. In Springdale, the two-screen 'State Cinema', run by Garden Homes Cinemas of Stamford, has second-run films. The Ferguson Library also shows films.
Music
★ Stamford Symphony Orchestra In a typical season, the SSO gives five pairs of classical concerts and three pops concerts at the 1,586-seat Palace Theatre, as well as a concert for elementary school students and a family concert series.
★ Connecticut Grand Opera, a not-for-profit, professional opera company performs at the Palace Theatre. On its web site, the CGO claims to offer "the most ambitious opera season of any company between New York and Boston."
Media
The NHL on Versus airs its studio show from Stamford.
The Yes Network headquarters is in Stamford. World Wrestling Entertainment has its international headquarters in Stamford.
Print media
★ Stamford Advocate, daily newspaper, owned by the Tribune Company.
★ The Stamford Times, weekly newspaper, owned by The Hour Newspapers.
★ Stamford Plus magazine is published by Canaiden LLC.
★ El Sol News, weekly Spanish language newspaper.
★ La Voz, weekly Spanish language newspaper.
Radio stations in the city
★ WSTC-AM 1400; 1,000 watts; shares programming with WNLK-AM 1350
★ WEDW-FM 88.5; 2,000 watts, a National Public Radio station
Notable people, past and present
Main articles: People of Stamford, Connecticut
Stamford has been home to many famous people, now and in the past. Entertainers who have called the city home include band leader Benny Goodman, Christopher Lloyd, who was born in the city. Bob Crane, star of Hogan's Heroes spent part of his childhood in Stamford.[9] Actor and comedian Gene Wilder and singer Cyndi Lauper are current residents.
Baseball star Jackie Robinson made Stamford his home, and football Hall of Famer Andy Robustelli was born in the city, as was baseball manager Bobby Valentine. Valentine also owns a popular restaurant in downtown Stamford that bears his name. Boxing champion Gene Tunney is buried in town. Cooking author Ina Garten and physicist Robert Jaffe grew up in Stamford.
Georges Clemenceau, the French premier during World War I taught at a girl's school in Stamford in the 1860s. U.S. Sen. Joe Lieberman was born here in 1942. U.S. Rep. Christopher Shays is a former resident. John J. McCloy, a prominent advisor to presidents, died in Stamford. William F. Buckley Jr., founder of National Review magazine, is a longtime resident.
Gutzon Borglum, sculptor of Mount Rushmore, lived in the city for 10 years.
Lubomyr Husar, Major Archbishop of the Ukrainian Greek Major-Archdiocese of Lviv, and one of the cardinals considered a possible successor to Pope John Paul II in 2005, was educated at St. Basil's College in Stamford.
Robert Jarvik, inventor of the first artificial heart, grew up in the city.[10].[11] Will Shortz, puzzle editor of The New York Times, is current resident and organized national crossword puzzle championships held in Stamford until 2006, when it was announced the contest was to be moved to New York City.
Many professional wrestlers and executives associated with World Wrestling Entertainment reside in Stamford or in neighboring towns, as the city is home to WWE's corporate headquarters. Rihanna, pop/R&B singer, currently resides in Stamford.[12]
Some films shot in Stamford
Main articles: List of films shot in Stamford, Connecticut
These are some of the films shot in the city, in reverse chronological order:
★ Old Dogs (2008) - Filmed inside UConn Stamford Campus.
★ College Road Trip (2008)
★ Marker (2008)
★ Revolutionary Road (2008)
★ Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants 2
★ What Just Happened (2008) - Locations include Canal Street, Tresser Boulevard, and the front of Stamford Town Center.
★ In Bloom (2008), Starting in August 2006, the movie became the first major, full-length film since "The Ice Storm" to be shot entirely in Connecticut. Locations include Waterside, Springdale, Glenbrook and the West Side, "St. Basil College, Victory Deli, Pellicci's Restaurant, Stamford Hospital and private homes on Scott Place and Apple Tree Drive, and the Palace Theater.[13]
★ Reservation Road (2007) started shooting in October 2006. Locations include Cove Island Park, Stamford Academy, Long Ridge Church and Black Bear Saloon.
★ Person of Interest (2007)
★ Saving Grace (2007)
★ Ta Ra Rum Pum (2007)
★ Too Bad (2006)
★ Wordplay (2006)[14] - Filmed at the Marriott hotel
★ Beyond the Mat (1999)
★ Scenes from a Mall (1991) - Scenes from the Stamford Town Center.
★ The Cardinal (1963) - Scene taken in St. John the Evangelist Roman Catholic Church on Atlantic Street.
★ Boomerang (1947) - Filmed almost entirely in Stamford.
Source (unless otherwise noted): Internet Movie DataBase page on Stamford
References
1. [1]Web page titled "Online Directory: Connecticut, USA" at ''Sister Cities International" Web site, accessed March 27, 2007
2. Escaping Salem, , Richard, Godbeer, Oxford, 2005, ISBN 0-19-516130-0 .
3. [2] New York Times article, "Commercial Property/Stamford, Conn.: A Pioneer Business Park That Confounded Critics," by Eleanor Charles, Sept. 26, 1999 Page accessed on 23 June, 2006
4. [3] US Dept of Commerce
5. Mayors Against Illegal Guns: Coalition Members
6. [4]Web page titled "Starbucks in the Ferguson Library" at Ferguson Library Web site, accessed May 23, 2007
7. [5] Web page titled "Photo Archivist's Selection of the Month: July 2004: Postcards: Fun at the Beach" accessed August 24, 2005
8. Porstner, Donna, "Curve appeal/ Area's new skate park opens", news article in ''The Advocate'' of Stamford, July 13, 2007, pp 1, A6
9. http://www.gadflyonline.com/archive/January99/archive-bobcrane.html
10. [7] State of Connecticut official Web site "About Connecticut" web page accessed on 23 June, 2006
11. [8] article in The New York Times, Dec. 3, 1982, "Men in the News: A Pair of Skilled Hands to Guide an Artificial Heart: Robert Kiffler Jarvik" Web page accessed on 23 June, 2006
12. [9]
13. [10] "Thurman film first to receive state tax credits," article by Donna Porstner, ''The Advocate'' of Stamford, August 19, 2006, accessed August 20, 2006. The film was also shot at Norwalk Community College in August.
14. [11] "Wordplay" Web page at Internet Movie DataBase (IMDb) Web site, accessed August 10, 2006
Further reading
★ ''Springdale Remembered 1640-1949,'' by Rosemary Burns
★ ''The Story of the Early Settlers of Stamford, Connecticut'' by Jeanne Majdalany
External links
★ City of Stamford
★ Stamford Historical Society
★ "Made in Stamford: A History of Stamford as a Manufacturing Center"
★ Ferguson Library
★ University of Connecticut-Stamford
★ Stamford CT Guide
★ Coastal Fairfield County Convention & Visitor Bureau
★ Stamford Chamber of Commerce
★ Stamford Downtown Special Services District
★ Domus, a human services nonprofit operating educational, residential, and community programs
★ CTE Inc., an anti-poverty agency serving Stamford, Greenwich and Darien
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