(Redirected from Space program)
This is a 'list of
government agencies' engaged in activities related to '
outer space' and '
space exploration'.
International space agencies
United Nations - Office for Outer Space Affairs
The
United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (OOSA) is an organization of the General Assembly charged with implementing the Assembly's space-related policies. It is located in the United Nations Office in Vienna. The Office implements the Programme on Space Applications and maintains the Register of Objects Launched into Outer Space. The Office also provides support to developing nations in using space technology for economic development.
European Space Agency
The
European Space Agency (ESA), established in 1975, is an inter-governmental organisation dedicated to exploration of space with currently 17 member states (
Austria,
Belgium,
Denmark,
Finland,
France,
Germany,
Greece,
Ireland,
Italy,
Luxembourg, the
Netherlands,
Norway,
Portugal,
Spain,
Sweden,
Switzerland and the
United Kingdom). According to its website, “By coordinating the financial and intellectual resources of its members, [ESA] can undertake programmes and activities far beyond the scope of any single European country.” Its headquarters are in
Paris, France. ESA has a staff (excluding sub-contractors and national space agencies) of about 1,900 with a budget of 3 billion euros in 2005.
National space agencies
Argentina
The
Argentine Space Agency (CONAE), founded in
1996, is oriented to the development of Earth Observing satellites. It has developed several satellite missions including
SAC-A, the failed mission
SAC-B and the currently operating
SAC-C
Australia
The
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation has divisions for Astronomy & Space Facilities, Astrophysics, Radio Astronomy, and Space Engineering.
Austria
The
Austrian Space Agency was founded in 1977 and later joined the ESA in 1987.
Bangladesh
The Bangladesh
Space Research and Remote Sensing Organization was established in 1980.
Belgium
The
Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy was created in 1964.
★
Website
Brazil
The
Brazilian Space Agency, founded in
1994, directs one of the youngest space programs. Brazil's space program is the most advanced in South America. It suffered a major setback in 2003 due to a
rocket explosion that killed several technicians. They had their first success on
October 23,
2004 with a VSV-30, or
Brazilian Exploration Vehicle, launched on a
sub-orbital mission. The agency's primary launch site is at
Alcântara.
Bulgaria
The
Bulgarian Aerospace Agency was established in 1969. For the moment it operates mainly in cooperation with the Space agencies of several developing countries, providing high-tech components and know-how. The Bulgarian Aerospace agency is now working with the Indian agency on the
Chandrayaan satellite.
Canada
The
Canadian Space Agency (CSA or, in French, the ASC) is the
government agency responsible for
Canada's space program.
It was established in
March 1989 by the
Canadian Space Agency Act and sanctioned in
December 1990. The agency is led by its
president, who reports to the
Minister of Industry.
China
See
'People's Republic of China' or
'Republic of China (Taiwan)' entries below for information on the respective countries.
Colombia
See
Colombian Space Commission, established in 2006.
★
Website
Czech Republic
See
Czech Space Office.
Denmark
The
Danish National Space Center was established on
January 1,
2005. It came about as a result of combining the
Danish Space Research Institute with the
geodesy part of the
National Survey and Cadastre of Denmark.
France
See
CNES.
Germany
See
German Aerospace Center.
Greece
See
Institute for Space Applications and Remote Sensing.
★
Website
Hungary
See
Hungarian Space Office.
India
The
Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), was established on
August 15,
1969 under the
Department of Atomic Energy of the
Government of India. It became government organisation in
April 1,
1975 .Soon after ISRO Launched India's first satellite ARYABHATA
[1]]] (named after the early Astronomer of Gupta Dynasty) on April 19th.It manages all of India's space activities, and has a well developed space programme. Indian space programme driven by vision of Dr Vikram Sarabhai considered as the father of Indian Space Programme.
ISRO has capability to build and launch satellites up to 2000 kg into
polar and
geostationary orbit. It has 2 major satellite launch vehicles called
PSLV (Polar satellite launch vehicle) and
GSLV (Geosynchronous satellite Launch Vehicle). Most of ISRO's programs are geared towards nation building, though there are a few efforts in scientific research and space exploration.
ISRO has started the work on its first Unmanned Lunar program called
Chandrayaan-1 (Moon-Ship-1) which is slated to be launched in February
2008.
Indonesia
See
National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN).
Iran
The
Iranian Space Agency (ISA), is a governmental organization and the president of this organization is one of the deputies of the ministry of communication and information technology. ISA is established to do research, design and implementation in the field of space technology ; remote sensing and development of national and international space technology and communication networks. ISA performs the approvals of the Iran Space Council (ISC), which is established in order to peacefully use space technology and science and the above atmosphere space to develop the culture, technology, science, and finance of the country. The head of ISC is the president of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Israel
See
Israeli Space Agency.
Italy
The
Italian Space Agency was established in 1988.
Japan
The
Japan Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) is Japan's aerospace agency. It was formed
October 1,
2003, by the merger of the National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA), the National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan (NAL) and the
Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS).
[1]
Malaysia
Angkasa was established in 2002.
Mexico
The
Mexican Space Agency (AEXA) will be established in 2007 after the approval of the
Mexican Senate.
Netherlands
See
Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON).
Nigeria
The
National Space Research and Development Agency (NASRDA) was established in 1998.
North Korea
See
North Korean Space Agency
Norway
See
Norwegian Space Centre.
Pakistan
The
Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO), was established on
September 16,
1961 on the advice of Dr.
Abdus Salam. Consequently, a Space Sciences Research Wing of the
Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) was established through an Executive Order of the President of Pakistan, also on the
September 16,
1961. Since then, the space agency had been neglected and ignored; it wasn't until the late 1990s did the government seriously take SUPARCO, and since then has successfully developed and launched 2 satellites into space,
BADR-I and
BADR-B.
On
February 3,
2006 President Pervez Musharraf visited the SUPARCO labs in
Karachi and pledged to put Pakistan in the space map. Future plans for SUPARCO are to develop its own
satellite launch vehicle, send Pakistani astronauts into orbit and to conduct unmanned space missions to the moon.
People's Republic of China
The
China National Space Administration is the civilian agency in the
People's Republic of China that is responsible for national space policy. The agency was created in 1993 when the Ministry of Aerospace Industry was split in two, with the other part being the China Aerospace Corp. China became only the third country on Earth to send a human into space independently on
October 15,
2003 when
Yang Liwei piloted the
Shenzhou V mission, accomplishing 14 orbits before returning to Earth the next day.
On
October 12, 2005 China sent its second spacecraft into space, the
ShenZhou VI. The
ShenZhou VI carries 2 astronauts and it stayed in space for 5 days. The China National Space Administration agency allowed most television stations in China to broadcast the blast-off.
Peru
See
Peru Space Agency (CONIDA).
★
Website
Poland
See
Space Research Centre, part of the
Polish Academy of Sciences.
★
Website
Portugal
See
Portuguese Spacial Company
★
website
Republic of China (Taiwan)
See
National Space Organization.
Romania
See
Romanian Space Agency.
Russia
The
Russian Federal Space Agency (RKA, Roskosmos) (in Russian: ''Федеральное космическое агенство''), is the government agency responsible for Russia's space science program. It was formed after the breakup of the Soviet Union and the dissolution of the Soviet space program.
Spain
See
Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial.
South Korea
The
Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI) was established in 1981.
Sweden
See
Swedish National Space Board.
Switzerland
See
Swiss Space Office.
★
Website
Thailand
The
Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency (GISTDA) was established 2 November 2002.
★
Website
Ukraine
The
National Space Agency of Ukraine (NSAU) is the
Ukrainian government agency responsible for space policy and programs, established in 1992. It oversees Ukraine's national and commercial space research, construction, and launch programs. Launches are conducted at the
Baikonur Cosmodrome in
Kazakhstan, Russia, and on the
Sea Launch platform.
United Kingdom
See
British National Space Centre.
United States
On
July 29,
1958, President Eisenhower signed the
National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958 establishing the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). When it began operations on
October 1,
1958, NASA consisted mainly of the four laboratories and some 8,000 employees of the government's 46-year-old research agency for aeronautics, the
National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA). However, within little more than a decade the United States, through NASA, placed the first human,
Neil Armstrong, on the moon.
The United States also produced the first non-governmental spaceflight when Mike Melvill piloted
Scaled Composites' SpaceShipOne on its first flight past the edge of space on June 21, 2004
Defunct space agencies
Soviet Union
See
Soviet space program.
Largest space agencies
★ NASA $16 billion
★ ESA $3.8 billion
★ CNES (French space agency) $2.2 billion
★ JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) $2.0 billion
★ RKA (Russian Federal Space Agency) $1.3 billion
★ DLR (German Aerospace Center) $1.0 billion
★ ASI (Italian Space Agency) $900 million
★ ISRO (Indian Space Research Organization) $815 million
★ CNSA (Chinese National Space Administration) $500 million
★ BNSC (British National Space Centre) $414 million
[2]
★ CSA (Canadian Space Agency) $321 million
★ Belgian science policy and space policy $230 million
★ CDTI (Spanish space agency $175 million
★ SRON (Netherlands Institute for Space Research) $160 million
★ KARI (Korea Aerospace Research Institute) $150 million
★ SSO (Swiss Space Office) $110 million
★ SNSB (Swedish National Space Board) $100 million
★ AEB (Brazilian Space Agency) $100 million
The budgets listed are the official budgets from the different space agencies' homepages. Note that the Chinese budget of $500 million is from official figures by Luo Ge, vice administrator of the China National Space Administration.
See also
External links
★
Space Law Blog
★
Space Agencies Worldwide by UN HDI
★
Space Science, In Persian Language [دانش فضايي]
Notes
1. JAXA official site JAXA HISTORY
2. http://www.bnsc.gov.uk/content.aspx?nid=5551
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