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The 'Sonoran Desert' (sometimes called the 'Gila Desert' after the Gila River or the 'Low Desert' in opposition to the higher Mojave Desert) is a North American desert which straddles part of the United States-Mexico border and covers large parts of the U.S. states of Arizona and California and the Mexican state of Sonora. It is one of the largest and hottest deserts in North America, with an area of 120,000 square miles (311,000 km²). The desert contains a variety of unique plants and animals, such as the saguaro cactus. On January 17, 2001, 496,337 acres (2,008 km²) of the Sonoran Desert was set aside as the Sonoran Desert National Monument for the purpose of enhancing resource protection.

Contents

Location

Population

Ecology of the Sonoran Desert

Plant Ecology

See also

External links

Links to Parks and Recreational Areas within the Sonora Desert

Location

The Sonoran Desert wraps around the northern end of the Gulf of California, from northeastern Baja California through southeastern California and southwestern Arizona to western Sonora. It is bounded on the west by the Peninsular Ranges, which separate it from the California chaparral and woodlands and Baja California desert ecoregions of the Pacific slope. To the north, the Sonoran Desert transitions to the cold-winter Mojave, Great Basin, and Colorado Plateau deserts. To the east, the deserts transition to the coniferous Arizona Mountains forests and Sierra Madre Occidental forests at higher elevations. The Sonoran-Sinaloan transition subtropical dry forest marks the transition from the Sonoran Desert to the tropical dry forests of Sinaloa.
The desert's subregions include the Colorado Desert and Yuma Desert. In the 1951 publication, ''Vegetation of the Sonoran Desert'', Forrest Shreve divided the Sonoran Desert into seven regions according to characteristic vegetation: Lower Colorado Valley, Arizona Upland, Plains of Sonora, Foothills of Sonora, Central Gulf Coast, Vizcaino Region, and Magdalena Region. (see ''An Overview of the Sonoran Desert'', external link below). Many ecologists now consider Shreve's Vizcaino and Magdalena regions, which lie on the western side of the Baja California Peninsula, to be a separate ecoregion, the Baja California desert.

Population

The largest city in the Sonoran Desert is Phoenix, Arizona, USA. This metropolitain area of 4.0 million people sits in central Arizona. Tucson, Arizona, USA is the next largest city with a metro area population of almost 1 million in southern Arizona. Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico has a metro population of around 700,000.

Ecology of the Sonoran Desert

The Sonoran Desert includes 60 mammal species, 350 bird species, 20 amphibian species, 100+ reptile species, 30 native fish species, and more than 2000 native plant species. This desert is the only place in the world where the famous saguaro cactus grows in the wild. The desert is also home to many cultures as well, with some seventeen Native American cultures, as well as Latino, Chinese, Anglo, Arabic, and African immigrant culture.

Plant Ecology

Many plants not only survive the harsh conditions of the Sonoran Desert, but they actually thrive. Many have evolved to have specialized adaptations to the desert climate. The Sonoran Desert includes such plant from the agave family, palm family, cactus family, legume family, and many others.

See also

★ List of deserts by area

★ List of plants by common name (Sonoran Desert)

★ Communities in the Sonoran Desert

★ Fauna of the Sonoran Desert

★ Mountain Ranges of the Sonoran Desert

★ Sonoran Desert National Monument

★ Spanish missions in the Sonoran Desert

★ List of Sonoran Desert birds (Arizona)

★ Yuma Desert

External links

★ Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum

★ Timeline of the Sonoran desert

★ ''An Overview of the Sonoran Desert'', by William G. McGinnies

★ The Sonoran Desert Naturalist

★ Very short overview of Sonoran Desert Geology

★ Map of the Sonoran Desert

★ Sonoran Desert images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu (slow modem version)

Links to Parks and Recreational Areas within the Sonora Desert

★ Saguaro National Park Page

★ Sonoran desert (World Wildlife Fund)

★ South Mountain Park / Preserve