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'Sippar' (modern ''Tell Abu Habbah'', Sumerian 'Zimbir' "bird city") was an ancient Babylonian city on the east bank of the Euphrates, some 60 km north of Babylon.
It was divided into two quarters, "Sippar of the Sun-god" and "Sippar of the goddess Anunit," the former of which was discovered by Hormuzd Rassam in 1881 at Abu-Habba, 16 miles southeast of Baghdad.
Sippar is called ''Sepharvaim'' in the Old Testament, which alludes to the two quarters of the city by its dual form.
Two other Sippars are mentioned in the inscriptions, one of them being "Sippar of Eden," which must have been an additional quarter of the city. It is possible that one of them should be identified with Agade or Akkad, the capital of the first Semitic Babylonian Empire.
The main god of the city was Utu of Sippar, Sun God (Shamash in Akkadian) .
A large number of cuneiform tablets and other monuments has been found in the ruins of the temple of the Sun-god which was called E-Babara by the Sumerians, Bit-Un by the Semites.
Xisuthros, the "Chaldean Noah", is said by Berossus to have buried the records of the antediluvian world here--doubtless because the name of Sippar was supposed to be connected with ''sipru'', "a writing"--and according to Abydenus (Fr. 9) Nebuchadrezzar excavated a great reservoir in the neighbourhood. Here too was the Babylonian camp in the reign of Nabonidos.
Pliny (''N.H.'' 6.30.123) mentions a sect, or school of Chaldeans called the ''Hippareni''. It is often assumed that this name refers to Sippar (especially because the other two schools mentioned seem to be named after cities as well: the ''Orcheni'', and the ''Borsippeni''), but this is not universally accepted.^[1]
Sippar is thought to have contained the world's oldest bank, the temple of Shamash, which was in operation until at least 1831 BC. ^[2]

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References

References

1. "It is usually assumed that the Hippareni refers to Sippar (Ptolemy's Sippara), but even that requires proof, since the change of ‘s’ to ‘h’ is strange." — Xenophon and the Wall of Media, R. D. Barnett, , , The Journal of Hellenic Studies, 1963
2. The Origin of Banking: Religious Finance in Babylonia, Benjamin Bromberg, , , The Journal of Economic History, 1942


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