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(Redirected from Single electron transfer)
A 'one-electron reduction' in organic chemistry involves the transfer of an electron from a metal to an organic substrate. It serves to differentiate between true organic reductions and other reductions such as hydride transfer reactions that actually involve two-electron species.
The first intermediate in a one-electron reduction is often a radical anion which then engages in secondary reactions. In the Birch reduction the secondary reaction is proton abstraction from an alcohol. This reaction type is also called a 'dissolving metal reduction'. Alkyne reduction to an alkene in the liquid ammonia / sodium system follows the same theme. The first radical anion intermediate abstracts a proton from ammonia to the free radical. A second one-electron transfer leads to the anion which also abstracts a proton to the neutral alkene.
In the Wurtz reaction two radical intermediates dimerize in a coupling reaction. Likewise acetone is converted to pinacol with a magnesium - mercury amalgam in a pinacol coupling reaction. Acyloin condensation couples two carboxylic acids to a α-hydroxyketone. Reactions of this type are also called 'reductive couplings'. In the Clemmensen reduction of ketones to alkanes with zinc-mercury amalgam the intermediate is an organozinc carbenoid.
Electron rich organic molecules like tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene (TDAE) are effective reducing agents capable of generating the anion from alkyl halides such as 5-chloromethyl-6-nitrobenzo[1,3]dioxole ¹.

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References

★ ¹ ''Functionalization of 6-Nitrobenzo[1,3]dioxole with Carbonyl Compounds via TDAE Methodology'' Ouassila Amiri-Attou, Thierry Terme and Patrice Vanelle Molecules '2005', 10, 545–551 open access article