SIMA (SURNAME)

'Sima' () is a Chinese family name. Unlike most single-character Chinese family names, it is one of the rare two-character family names. It is an occupation name, literally meaning "control" (sī) "horses" (mǎ), and corresponds exactly to the English surname 'Marshall', whose etymology is from the Frankish ''mare'' ("horse") + ''skalkoz'' ("servant"). The surname originated from one of the office of the Three Excellencies of the Han dynasty.

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People with family name 司馬

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People with family name 司馬

★ Sima Rangju or Rang Ju, strategist during the Spring and Autumn Period and regarded as the author of ''Sima Fa'' ("Sima's Art of War")

★ Sima Qian, historian in Western Han Dynasty and author of ''Records of the Grand Historian''

★ Sima Xiangru, a minor official in Western Han Dynasty but better known for his poetic skills, Chinese wine (''jiu'') business and controversial marriage to a widow Zhuo Wenjun after both eloped.

★ Sima Yi, renowned strategist during the Three Kingdoms, ultimate adversary of Zhuge Liang in ''Romance of the Three Kingdoms'' and the revered progenitor of the Jin Dynasty (265-420).

★ Sima Shi, son of Sima Yi

★ Sima Zhao, son of Sima Yi and younger brother of Sima Shi, ''de facto'' ruler of the Kingdom of Wei and the origin of a Chinese proverb.

★ Sima Yan, also known as the Emperor Wu of Jin, was a son of Sima Zhao. He took the throne of the Kingdom of Wei, proclaimed the Jin Dynasty and unified China.

★ Sima Ai, son of Emperor Wu of Jin and Prince of Changsha among the Eight Princes

★ the ruling family of the Jin Dynasty (265-420).

★ Sima Guang, historian and statesman during the Song Dynasty (960-1279), known for his monumental historical work ''Zizhi Tongjian'' and rivalry against contemporary Wang Anshi. There is a popular story of him, as a youth, saving someone who fell into a large water pot by smashing it with a rock.

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