'Samuel Untermyer' (
March 6,
1858-
March 16,
1940), also known as 'Samuel Untermeyer'
[1] was an American
lawyer and civic leader as well as a self-made millionare. He was born in
Lynchburg, Virginia but after the death of his father the family moved to
New York where he studied law. After admission to the bar, he soon gained fame as a lawyer, focusing on
corporate law, and became recognized as a civic leader, frequently attending the
Democratic National Convention as a delegate.
Private Life
Born in
Lynchburg, Virginia, March 6, 1858 to Isadore and Therese Untermyer. His father, who had been a lieutenant in the
Confederate Army, died soon after the close of the
Civil War. The family then moved to
New York.
On
August 9,
1880 he married Minnie Carl, daughter of Mairelius Carl of New York City. They had three chlidren, Alvin, who served in the 305th Field Artillery in France during the Great War; Irwin, a justice of the Appellate Division of the New York State Supreme Court, and Irene, who became the wife of Stanley Richter.
One of his grandchildren was
Samuel Untermyer II.
Untermeyer died March 16, 1940, in
Palm Springs, California. His body was interred at
Woodlawn Cemetery,
Bronx, New York. His obituary was published in the ''New York Times'' (Mar 17, 1940, pg 1).
Legal Practice
He was educated at the College of the City of New York and received his LL.B. from
Columbia Law School in
1878[2].
He was admitted to the bar, and started practice with his half-brother
Randolph Guggenheimer in New York city. A younger brother Maurice Untermyer was later admitted, and then in 1895
Louis Marshall joined and the name was changed to Guggenheimer, Untermyer & Marshall, a name it held for 45 years.
Between the start of his practice and the end of 1921 he was counsel in many celebrated cases covering almost every phase of corporate, civil, criminal and international law,specifically
[3][2]:-
★ As counsel for H. Clay Pierce he prevented the
Standard Oil Co., after its dissolution in
1910, from dominating the Waters-Pierce Co.
★ In the same year he effected the merger of the
Utah Copper Co. with the Boston Consolidated and the Nevada Consolidated Co.'s involving more than $100,000,000.
★ In 1912, as counsel to the Kaliwerke Aschersleben and the Disconte Gesellschaft in the controversy arising out of the control of the
potash industry by the
German Government, he assisted in reaching a settlement.
★ In 1903 he undertook the first judicial exposure of " high finance " in connection with the failure of the U.S. Shipbuilding Co., organized only a year before as a consolidation of the larger shipbuilding companies in America including that subsequently known as the Bethlehem Steel Co. As a result of the sensational exposures connected with that company, a reorganization was effected under the name of the
Bethlehem Steel Co., in which Mr. Untermyer became a large shareholder.
★ After this he conducted a number of similar exposures. In
1911 he delivered an address entitled, "Is There a Money Trust?" which led the following year to an investigation in which he appeared as counsel, by the Committee on Banking and Currency of the U.S. House of Representatives headed by
Arsène Pujo. This so-called
Pujo Money Trust Investigation resulted in the passage of a mass of remedial legislation.
★ Mr. Untermyer for years agitated before
Congress and state legislatures such measures as the compulsory regulation of stock exchanges.
★ He for many years conducted agitations and wrote magazine articles dealing with reforms in the criminal laws, the regulation of
trusts and combinations and other
economic subjects.
★ He was counsel for many reorganization committees, including those of the Seaboard Air Line, the Rock Island railway, the Central Fuel Oil Co., and the Southern Iron and Steel Co.
★ In
1915 he acted as a counsel for the U.S. Government in the suit brought against the Secretary of the Treasury and the Comptroller of the Currency by the Riggs National Bank of Washington, D.C., which charged there was a conspiracy to wreck it; the defendants were cleared.
★ He took an active part in preparing the
Federal Reserve Bank law, the Clayton bill, the Federal Trade Commission bill, and other legislation curbing trusts.
★ He was a delegate to the
Democratic National Convention in 1904, 1908, 1912, and delegate-at-large for the state of New York in
1916.
★ He was a strong supporter of
President Wilson's administration.
★ After America entered the Great War he was adviser to the
Treasury Department regarding the interpretation of the
income tax and the excess profits tax laws.
★ He was appointed by President Wilson to serve on the U.S. section of the International High Commission, which sat at Buenos Aires in 1916, for the purpose of framing uniform laws for the PanAmerican countries.
★ In
1920 - He was counsel for the Lockwood Committee, appointed by the state Legislature to investigate an alleged conspiracy among the building trades of New York City. It was charged that labor leaders were using their power by extorting bribes for the prevention of
strikes, by preventing independent bids and by forcing building awards to favorites. Many illegal acts were disclosed and numerous convictions secured. Robert P. Brindell, who was at the head of the labor council of the building trades with a membership of 115,000 was prosecuted by Mr. Untermyer, who conducted the case in person as a special attorney-general, and convicted of extortion and sentenced to five-to-ten years in state
prison. At the end of
1921, when the prosecutions were being continued, more than 600 indictments had been found as a result of the investigation and many more were said to be pending. There were more than 200 convictions including pleas of guilty by employers, labor leaders and others and over $500,000 had been collected in fines. In connection with the exposure of abuses and acts of illegality among the
labour unions, all unions in the state were required, under the threat of criminal prosecution and of submitting to incorporation, to amend their constitutions and bylaws by eliminating these abuses; this they all agreed to do. It was shown that in many of the building trades both manufacturers and dealers, often with the collusive aid of labour leaders, had organized to fix prices and prevent competition. Subsequent prosecutions established the fact that these and other unfair practices were an important element in preventing building operations and increasing rental charges for dwelling property. Public opinion, especially in view of the housing shortage, reacted sharply to these revelations, and it was felt that Mr. Untermeyer's work in this connection had been performed with admirable public spirit, energy and courage. It was generally believed, moreover, that the evils brought to light by the committee were not confined to New York, and a demand for similar investigations arose in other parts of the country.
★ As special counsel until 1933 in the famous New York City transit suits, he helped maintain the five-cent subway fare.
Untermeyer was a staunch advocate of
stock market regulations, government ownership of
railroads, and various legal reforms.
Political Involvement
He was a delegate to
Democratic National Convention from New York in
1904,
1908,
1912,
1916,
1932, and
1936. He was also a delegate to the New York state constitutional convention in
1938[5]..
Zionist activism
In
1933 Untermyer who was the head of the American delegation to the world conference of Jews in Amsterdam
[6], was also the president of the conference. On his return, he adressed the nation in a noted speech made on
WABC. Untermyer called for the declaration of a 'holy war' by the
Jews against
Germany, and appealed to the masses of non-Jewish humanity to boycott German-made imports and all merchants who have German-made items in their establishments. The entire speech was published in the
New York Times on the morning following the broadcast (
August 7th,
1933).
In 1933, he founded and was the president of the American League for the Defense of Jewish Rights when it launched a
boycott of German imported goods, as an anti-Nazi statement. This was done at a time when the administration in Germany (in which the Nazis were but a coalition partner) were actually suppressing anti-semitic activity, which at that time was not more prevalent in Germany than in other European countries, or the United States, as a matter of fact. The complete change in policy by the Nazi administration in later years could be regarded as a reaction to the very aggressive tone of this declaration of war and the effects of the jewish assault on Germany. As an example, the famous boycott of jewish shops in Germany was installed as a reaction to the boycott of german goods by jewish wholesalers worldwide. Similarly, the surge of anti-semitism is clearly related to the economic effects of this boycott, which threatened to destabilize the fragile economic recovery after the devastation of the first world war and the following reparations. The jews in Germany were called upon to support the cause of the enemy, so in the late 1930ies, for homeland security reasons, an internment programme similar to the internment of people of Japanese origin in the United States was commenced.The name (of the American League for the Defense of Jewish Rights) was changed to the
Non-Sectarian Anti-Nazi League to Champion Human Rights, that same year. He resigned in 1938 citing ill health. He recommended as his successor, Dr.
Abba Hillel Silver of Cleveland. Member of the
American Bar Association.
Mr. Untermyer was an ardent believer in the Zionist movement and was President of the
Keren Hayesod, the agency through which the movement was conducted in America
[7].
Interesting facts
★ He expressed his philosophy in these words:
:"If I correctly appraise the trend of the times, the days of great fortunes and the exploitation of labor are over. Labor is about to receive a more just share of the wealth which it creates, but the principles of capitalism will survive."
★ The Greystone Estate (once home to defeated Presidential candidate
Samuel Tilden) which Untermeyer purchased in
1899 in
Yonkers, New York was donated to the city of Yonkers on his death. This was renamed Untermyer Park after him
[8].
★ Some sources state his birth date as
March 2,
1858[2].
External links
★
Untermyer Park
★
Picture of his house
★
Untermyer Fountain, Central Park
★
Randolph Guggenheimer at Jewish Encyclopedia
References
1. Simon Wiesenthal Center on Samuel Untermeyer (sic!)
2. Samual Untermeyer
3. Samuel Untermyer
4. Samual Untermeyer
5. Untermyer Political Graveyard entry
6. Benjamin H. Freedman Speaks Out on Zionism
7. Samuel Untermyer
8. Untermyer park
9. Samual Untermeyer
Resources
★
Highbeam citing ''Columbia Encyclopaedia''
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