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'The Salvation Army' is a non-military evangelical Christian organisation. In 1865 one-time Methodist minister William Booth founded the Christian Mission in London's East End. In 1878 the mission was reorganized along military lines and named 'The Salvation Army' [1]. It is sometimes mistakenly regarded as only a charity or social services organisation; however, it is also part of the mainstream Christian Church, and includes in its objectives:
The international headquarters are located at 101 Queen Victoria Street, London, England, with thousands of churches ("corps," "halls" or "citadels") around the world. It is sometimes affectionately referred to as the "Sally Ann" in Canada, "Sally Army" in the United Kingdom and New Zealand (alternatively as the "Sallies"), and the "Salvos" in Australia and the United States.

Contents

Early history

Doctrines

Worldwide expansion of the Salvation Army

Current organization and expenditures

Generals of The Salvation Army

The Flag

Music

Disaster relief

Thrift shops and charity

Red Shield Appeal

Family Tracing Service

Youth groups

The Refuge

GodRock (GeneratioNext)

Alove UK

Hype!

2Love

Publications

Controversy

Australia

Russia

Cultural references

Film

Music

Plays

Television

See also

Other miscellaneous articles

Footnotes

References

External links

Early history

The Salvation Army began with the efforts of two founders, William Booth and Catherine Booth, to bring salvation to the poor, the hungry, the homeless, and the destitute. In 1865, William Booth established The Christian Mission in London, England, which would later be called The Salvation Army in 1878.
When William Booth became known as the General, Catherine was known as the “Mother of The Salvation Army.” William preached to the poor, and Catherine spoke to the wealthy, gaining financial support for their demanding work. She also ministered, which was a revolutionary act at the time. From the beginning it was already clearly stated in the Foundation Deed of the Christian Mission, that women had the same rights to preach as men. Together the Booths worked tirelessly to help others and brought a spiritual and practical message of rejuvenation. As William said, “The three ‘S's’ best expressed the way in which the Army administered to the 'down and outs': first, soup; second, soap; and finally, salvation.”^[1]

In the year 1880, The Salvation Army started its work in three other countries: Australia, Ireland and the U.S.A. It was not always an official officer of the Salvation Army who started the Salvation Army in a new country. Sometimes Salvationists emigrated to countries and started the Salvation Army in their new homeland.
In Australia Edward Saunders and John Gore started the work of the Salvation Army without waiting for official allowance. When the first official officers arrived in Australia, they found a group of Salvationists already waiting for them.
After Eliza Shirley and her parents had made some converts in Philadelphia, U.S.A. (W. Booth knew about her trying to start the work), William Booth, in March 1880, sent George Scott Railton, Captain Emma Westbrook, and six women soldiers to the Greater New York area to establish The Salvation Army officially. All the officers knelt on the dockside at Battery Park in New York City to give praise and thanks for their safe arrival.
The seven women who accompanied Railton are often referred to as the “seven hallelujah lassies.” A “lassie” was a slang term for a girl or a young woman who was unmarried. The seven soldiers included Captain Emma Westbrook, who began her work in Notting Hill Corps and was at North Shields, her first station, when she received the orders to go to New York. “Attaining the rank of major, she continued in the service until her promotion to Glory in 1933.”
The other six soldiers were Alice Coleman, Rachel Evans, Emma Elizabeth Florence Morris, Elizabeth Pearson, Clara Price, and Annie Shaw. These women are described as strong forces whose goal was to spread the gospel and the work of The Salvation Army. Because the training home for women officers wouldn’t open till the following May, “the training the valiant six had, was twenty-six days tossing on the tempestuous Atlantic Ocean.” The entire group progressed quickly with their desire for missionary work and began a Salvation Army in Newark, New Jersey in the United States.
In February 1881 it was Catherine Booth, the eldest daughter of the founder, who started together with Florence Soper and Adelaide Cox the work in France. From there it spread to Switzerland.
The Salvation Army's main converts were at first alcoholics, drug addicts, prostitutes and other "undesirables" of society. These "undesirables" were not welcomed into polite Christian society, which helped prompt the Booths to start their own church. As a result of Booth's pragmatic approach to ministry, they decided not to include the use of sacraments (mainly baptism and Holy Communion) in the Army's form of worship, believing that many Christians had come to rely on the outward signs of spiritual grace rather than on grace itself. William and his wife Catherine Booth felt that much of what passed for Christianity in their day was primarily an observance of outward ritual. Other beliefs of The Salvation Army are that its members should completely refrain from drinking alcohol (Holy Communion is not practiced), smoking, taking illegal drugs, and gambling. Its soldiers wear a uniform tailored to the country they work in; the uniform can be white, grey, navy, fawn and are even styled like a sari in some areas. Any member of the public is welcome to attend their church services.
As The Salvation Army grew rapidly in the late 1800s, it generated opposition in England. Opponents, grouped under the name of the Skeleton Army, disrupted Salvation Army meetings and gatherings, the usual tactics being the throwing of rocks, rats, and tar, and physical assaults on members of The Salvation Army. Much of this was led by publicans who were losing business due to the Army's opposition to alcohol and targeting of the frequenters of saloons and public houses.
The Salvation Army's reputation changed after it began disaster relief efforts after the Galveston Hurricane of 1900 and the San Francisco earthquake of 1906. From being a persecuted religious 'thorn in the flesh', it became a well loved institution.

Doctrines

The mission of The Salvation Army is to bring the whole world under the lordship of Jesus Christ. This mandate is based on the Army's interpretation of the Scriptures of the Old and New Testament. The Salvation Army believes, as stated in their first doctrinal statement, that only these scriptures "constitute the Divine rule of Christian faith and practice."^[2]
The beliefs of The Salvation Army rest upon these eleven doctrines:

#We believe that the Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments were given by inspiration of God, and that they only constitute the Divine rule of Christian faith and practice.
#We believe that there is only one God, who is infinitely perfect, the Creator, Preserver, and Governor of all things, and who is the only proper object of religious worship.
#We believe that there are three persons in the Godhead - the Father, the Son and the Holy Ghost, undivided in essence and co-equal in power and glory.
#We believe that in the person of Jesus Christ the Divine and human natures are united, so that He is truly and properly God and truly and properly man.
#We believe that our first parents were created in a state of innocency, but by their disobedience they lost their purity and happiness, and that in consequence of their fall all men have become sinners, totally depraved and as such are justly exposed to the wrath of God.
#We believe that the Lord Jesus Christ has by his suffering and death made an atonement for the whole world so that whosoever will may be saved.
#We believe that repentance towards God, faith in our Lord Jesus Christ, and regeneration by the Holy Spirit, are necessary to salvation.
#We believe that we are justified by grace through faith in our Lord Jesus Christ and that he that believeth hath the witness in himself.
#We believe that continuance in a state of salvation depends upon continued obedient faith in Christ.
#We believe that it is the privilege of all believers to be wholly sanctified, and that their whole spirit and soul and body may be preserved blameless unto the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ.
#We believe in the immortality of the soul; in the resurrection of the body; in the general judgment at the end of the world; in the eternal happiness of the righteous; and in the endless punishment of the wicked." ^[3]

The founders, William Booth and Catherine Booth, believed that many Christians had come to seek salvation through ritual rather than reliance on God. Accordingly they decided not to include the use of sacraments, (mainly baptism and Holy Communion) in the Army's form of worship. Other beliefs of The Salvation Army are that its members should completely refrain from drinking alcohol, smoking, taking illegal drugs, pornography, the occult, and gambling. Soldiers affirm that they will give "as large a proportion of [their] income as possible" to the Salvation Army.^[4]
The ordination of women is permitted in the Salvation Army. Salvation Army officers were previously only allowed to marry other officers (this rule varies in different countries); but this rule has been relaxed in recent years.

Worldwide expansion of the Salvation Army

★ 1865 - England ★ 1874 - Wales ★ 1879 - Jersey, Scotland ★ 1880 - Australia, Ireland, United States of America ★ 1881 - France ★ 1882 - Alderney, Canada, Guernsey, India, Sweden, Switzerland ★ 1883 - Isle of Man, New Zealand, Pakistan, South Africa, Sri Lanka ★ 1884 - St Helena ★ 1886 - Germany, Newfoundland ★ 1887 - Denmark, Italy, Jamaica, Netherlands ★ 1888 - Norway ★ 1889 - Belgium, Finland ★ 1890 - Argentina, Uruguay ★ 1891 - Zimbabwe, Zululand ★ 1894 - Åland ''(until 1950)'', Hawaii, Indonesia ★ 1895 - Gibraltar ''(until 1968)'', Guyana, Iceland, Japan ★ 1896 - Bermuda, Malta ''(until 1972)'' ★ 1898 - Alaska, Barbados ★ 1901 - Trinidad & Tobago ★ 1902 - Grenada, Saint Lucia ★ 1903 - Antigua and Barbuda, St Vincent & the Grenadines ★ 1904 - Panamá ★ 1907 - Costa Rica ★ 1908 - Korea ★ 1909 - Chile ★ 1910 - Paraguay, Perú ★ 1913 - Russia ''(until 1923)'' ★ 1915 - Belize, Myanmar ★ 1916 - China ''(until 1951)'', Mozambique, St Kitts ★ 1917 - U.S. Virgin Islands ★ 1918 - Cuba ★ 1919 - Czechoslovakia ''(until 1950)'' ★ 1920 - Bolivia, Nigeria ★ 1921 - Kenya ★ 1922 - Brazil, Ghana, Zambia ★ 1923 - Latvia ''(until 1939)'' ★ 1924 - Faroe Islands, Hungary ''(until 1949)'' ★ 1926 - Suriname ★ 1927 - Austria, Estonia ''(until 1940)'', Curaçao ''(until 1980)''

★ 1930 - Hong Kong ★ 1931 - Bahamas, Uganda ★ 1933 - French Guiana ''(until 1952)'', Tanzania, Yugoslavia ''(until 1948)'' ★ 1934 - Algeria ''(until 1970)'', Congo (Kinshasa), Manchukuo ''(until 1945)'' ★ 1935 - Singapore ★ 1936 - Egypt ''(until 1949)'' ★ 1937 - Congo (Brazzaville), Mexico, Philippines ★ 1938 - Malaysia ★ 1950 - Haïti ★ 1956 - Papua New Guinea ★ 1960 - Swaziland ★ 1962 - Puerto Rico ★ 1965 - Taiwan ★ 1967 - Malaŵi ★ 1969 - Lesotho ★ 1970 - Bangladesh ★ 1971 - Portugal, Spain ★ 1972 - Venezuela ★ 1973 - Fiji ★ 1976 - Guatemala ★ 1978 - Canary Islands ★ 1980 - French Guiana (recommenced) ★ 1985 - Angola, Colombia, Ecuador, Marshall Islands ★ 1986 - Tonga ★ 1988 - Liberia ★ 1989 - El Salvador, Thailand ''(until 1993)'' ★ 1990 - Czech Republic (recommenced), Hungary (recommenced), Latvia (recommenced) ★ 1991 - Russia (recommenced) ★ 1992 - Belarus ''(until 1996)'', Somalia ''(until 1995)'' ★ 1993 - Georgia, Ukraine ★ 1994 - Guam, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova ★ 1995 - Dominican Republic, Estonia (recommenced) ★ 1996 - Rwanda ★ 1997 - Botswana ★ 1999 - St Maarten ★ 2000 - Macau ★ 2004 - Lithuania, Romania ★ 2005 - Falkland Islands, Poland

Current organization and expenditures

The Salvation Army operates in 111 countries and provides services in 175 different languages. For administrative purposes, the organization divides itself geographically into Territories, which are then sub-divided into Divisions. Each Territory has an administrative hub known as Territorial Headquarters (THQ). Likewise, each Division has a Divisional Headquarters (DHQ). For example, Japan is one territory, the United States is divided into four Territories: Eastern, Southern, Central, and Western, while Germany and Lithuania together are one territory. Each of these Territories is led by a Territorial Commander who receives orders from The Salvation Army's International Headquarters in London.
The Salvation Army is one of the world's largest providers of social aid, with expenditures including operating costs of $2.6 billion in 2004, helping more than 32 million people in the US alone. In addition to community centers and disaster relief, the organization does work in refugee camps, especially among displaced people in Africa. The Salvation Army has received an A- rating from the American Institute of Philanthropy.
Its claimed membership includes more than 17,000 active and more than 8,700 retired officers, 1 041 461 soldiers, around 100,000 other employees and more than 4.5 million volunteers. Members of The Salvation Army are also the so-called adherents, who do not sign the document to become soldier but who do see The Salvation Army as their church and who do not wear uniform. The truth is that the membership is much smaller, since inactive soldiers are rarely removed from the rolls. It is led by General Shaw Clifton, who has held this position since April 2, 2006 after the 2006 High Council elected him as the next General January 28 2006. According to the 2006 Salvation Army Year Book, in the United States there are 85,148 Senior Soldiers and 28,377 Junior Soldiers, 17,396 Adherents and around 60,000 employees.
In 2004, the Army in the United States received a $1.5 billion donation in the will of Joan B. Kroc, third wife of former McDonald's CEO Ray Kroc. This donation was among the largest individual philanthropic gifts ever given to a single organization. The donation came with certain restrictions that were met with some controversy.

Generals of The Salvation Army

Main articles: Generals of the Salvation Army

#(1878 - 1912) William Booth
#(1912 - 1929) Bramwell Booth
#(1929 - 1934) Edward Higgins
#(1934 - 1939) Evangeline Booth
#(1939 - 1946) George Carpenter
#(1946 - 1954) Albert Orsborn
#(1954 - 1963) Wilfred Kitching
#(1963 - 1969) Frederick Coutts
#(1969 - 1974) Erik Wickberg
#(1974 - 1977) Clarence Wiseman
#(1977 - 1981) Arnold Brown
#(1981 - 1986) Jarl Wahlström
#(1986 - 1993) Eva Burrows
#(1993 - 1994) Bramwell Tillsley
#(1994 - 1999) Paul Rader
#(1999 - 2002) John Gowans
#(2002 - 2006) John Larsson
#(2006 - Present) Shaw Clifton

The Flag

Around the world, The Salvation Army flag is a symbol of the Army's war against sin and social evil.
The red on the flag symbolizes the blood shed by Christ, the yellow for the fire of the Holy Spirit and the blue for the purity of God the Father.
The star contains the Salvation Army's motto, 'Blood and Fire'. This describes the blood of Jesus shed on the cross to save all people, and the fire of the Holy Spirit which purifies believers.
The flag precedes outdoor activities such as a march of witness. It is used in ceremonies such as the dedication of children and the swearing-in of soldiers. It is sometimes placed on the coffin at the funeral of a Salvationist. The Salvation Army term used to describe the death of a Salvationist is that of the deceased being "promoted to glory". This is a term that is still used and upheld by Salvationists today.

Music

As the popularity of the organization grew and Salvationists worked their way through the streets of London attempting to convert individuals, they were sometimes confronted with unruly crowds. A family of musicians (the Frys, from Alderbury near Salisbury in Wiltshire, the home of the Salvation Army Band) began working with the Army as their "bodyguards" and played music to distract the crowds.^[5] They were also involved in union-busting actions: Salvation Army bands would show up at union actions and attempt to bring down the union activities with hymns and music. This in turn led the Industrial Workers of the World to create their own lyrics set to popular Salvation Army Band tunes, many of which remain in that union's "Little Red Songbook."
The tradition of having musicians available continued, and eventually grew into the creation of true bands. Their musical groups, usually a brass band or smaller collection of brass instruments, are seen in public at Army campaigns, as well as at other festivals, parades and at Christmas. Across the world the brass band has been an integral part of the Army’s ministry and an immediately recognizable symbol to Salvationists and non-Salvationists alike. The Salvation Army also has choirs; these are known as Songster Brigades, normally comprising the traditional soprano, alto, tenor and bass singers. The Premier Songster Brigade in the Salvation Army is the International Staff Songsters (ISS).
The standard of playing is high and the Army operates bands at the international level, such as the International Staff Band (a brass band) which is the equal of professional ensembles although it does not participate in the brass band contest (see music competition) scene. Some professional brass players and contesting brass band personnel have come up through The Salvation Army.
Sometimes larger Salvation Army corps (churches) have brass bands that play at Sunday meetings or services. Examples include Maidenhead Citadel Band, in Australia, Bundamba, Brisbane City Temple, Sydney Congress Hall, Hurstville, Wollongong and, in America, Montclair Citadel Band, Pasadena, Norridge, Oakbrook Terrace, Pittsburgh Temple, Royal Oak, Flint, Dearborn Heights, Spring Valley, Clearwater, Atlanta, Charlotte, Dallas, Pioneer, and many others.
The Army tradition in music is to use the popular idiom of the day to reach people for Jesus. The Army's Joy Strings were a hit pop group in the 1960s and early 1970s in the UK and beyond, reaching the charts and being featured on national television. Another popular band is The Insyderz, an American ska-core group in the 1990s and early 2000s. Current bands like New Zealand's 'Vatic', 'Chamberlin', 'Hypemusic' and 'The Lads', England's 'Electralyte', Australia's 'Soteria Music Ministries' and 'Escape' and America's 'transMission', 'The Singing Company', 'HAB', and 'BurN', carry on this Salvation Army tradition.

Disaster relief

The Salvation Army's first major forays into Disaster Relief resulted from the tragedies of the Galveston Hurricane of 1900 and the San Francisco earthquake of 1906. The Salvationists' nationwide appeals for financial and material donations yielded tremendous support, enabling the Army to provide assistance to thousands. General Evangeline Booth, when she offered the services of Salvationists to President Wilson during the First World War thrust Salvation Army social and relief work to newer heights. Today the Salvation Army is best known for its charitable efforts.
The Salvation Army is a prominent non-governmental relief agency and is usually among the first to arrive with help after natural or man-made disasters. They have worked to alleviate suffering and help people rebuild their lives. After the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004, they arrived immediately at some of the worst disaster sites to help retrieve and bury the dead. Since then they have helped rebuild homes and construct new boats for people to recover their livelihood. Members were prominent among relief organizations after Hurricane Hugo and Hurricane Andrew and other such natural disasters in the United States. In August 2005 they supplied drinking water to poor people affected by the heat wave in the United States. Later in 2005 they responded to hurricanes Katrina and Rita. Most recently they have helped the victims of the May 2006 Indonesian Earthquake.
In the year after Hurricane Katrina struck the Gulf Coast, The Salvation Army allocated donations of more than $365 million to serve more than 1.7 million people in nearly every state. The Army’s immediate response to Hurricane Katrina included the mobilization of more than 178 canteen feeding units and eleven field kitchens which together served more than 5.7 million hot meals, 8.3 million sandwiches, snacks and drinks. Its SATERN network of amateur ham-radio operators helped locate more than 25,000 survivors. And, Salvation Army pastoral care counselors were on hand to care for the emotional and spiritual needs of 277,000 individuals. As part of the overall effort, Salvation Army officers, employees and volunteers have contributed more than 900,000 hours of service.[2]
The Salvation Army was one of the first relief agencies on the scene of the 9/11 attacks in New York. They also provided prayer support for families of missing people.
The Salvation Army, along with the American National Red Cross, Southern Baptist Convention, and other disaster relief organizations, are national members of the National Voluntary Organizations Active in Disaster (NVOAD). [3]
Also among the disaster relief capabilities is the Red Shield Defence Services, often called the SallyMan for short. The effort that they put in is similar to that of a chaplain, and reaches many more, offering cold drinks, hot drinks, and some biscuits and lollies for the soldiers of the military to have, though, if a SallyMan is on deployment, the locals are offered a share in the produce. The RSDS is generally unnoticed because it only works in disaster relief and military actions, not general welfare opportunities.

Thrift shops and charity

The Salvation Army is well-known for its network of thrift stores or charity shops, which raise money for its charitable and religious activities by selling donated (generally used) items such as clothing, housewares and toys. The Salvation Army has a history of free rehabilitation from alcohol and drug abuse. Thrift stores provide the revenue to run the Adult Rehabilitation Centers known as ARCs. The ARCs, found in many global locations, are work- and Bible-based and are usually long term residential facilities.
In many countries The Salvation Army is most recognized during the Christmas season with its volunteers who stand outside of businesses and play/sing Christmas carols, or ring bells to inspire passers by to place donations of cash and checks inside red kettles. A tradition has developed in the United States in which, in some places, gold coins are anonymously inserted into the kettles that the bell ringers collect donations in. This was first recorded in 1982, in Crystal Lake, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago.

Red Shield Appeal

The Red Shield Appeal is one of the two major fund raising campaigns (the other being Christmas) of The Salvation Army in most communities. Annually, in May, there is either a mail appeal or a door to door campaign. Hundreds of thousands of volunteers give of their time to carry out the doorknock drive, usually done over a one or two day period. Each year, several million dollars are raised in each territory alone.

Family Tracing Service

One programme for which The Salvation Army is internationally renowned is its Family Tracing Service (sometimes known as the Missing Persons Service). This was first formally established in 1885, and the service is now available in most of the countries where The Salvation Army is represented. The objective is to restore (or to sustain) family relationships where contact has been lost for some reason, whether recently or in the distant past. Thousands of people are traced every year on behalf of their families. A world record was attained in 1988 when a brother and sister were reunited after a separation of 81 years.

Youth groups

The Salvation Army includes multiple youth groups, which primarily consist of its Sunday schools and the Scout and Guide pack. Also some schools volunteer to get a group of kids to help. Some territories have Salvation Army Guards and Legions Association (SAGALA). In the United States these internal youth groups that are specifically for females are known as Girl Guards (older females) and Sunbeams (younger females). Adventure Corps serves boys who are enrolled in school for first through eighth grade.

The Refuge

Another youth group that has emerged in The Salvation Army is
The Refuge, meaning REviving FUture GEnerations. The Refuge was established in The Salvation Army division of Pendel which is in the Eastern Territory of The United States. The Refuge was created and founded by a group of friends and salvationists. It began when this group recognized the need for this type of ministry in their area. The Refuge began in the Spring of 2005. With the aid of dedicated musicians and administrative staff, the Refuge has been a success and continues to be a safe place for worship, fellowship, food, and fun.

GodRock (GeneratioNext)

Based at the Pioneer corps in the Kensington district of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, which is the longest surviving corps in the United States. GodRock began in the late 90s with a group of teens from greater Philadelphia. GodRock now meets every Sunday evening, providing an opportunity for contemporary worship, testimonies, and food. GodRock has expanded from what was once primarily Salvation Army teens to a group of teens (and young adults), not only from the Salvation Army, but from area churches as well.

Alove UK

In the new millennium, The Salvation Army in the United Kingdom created a sub-brand of itself for the youth, called Alove, the Salvation Army for a new generation. Its purpose is to free the youth of the church and their communities to express themselves and their faith in their own ways. Its mission statement is "''Calling a generation to dynamic faith, radical lifestyle, adventurous mission and a fight for justice.''", and it emphasizes worship, discipleship, missions, and social action.

Hype!

Based at the Johnsonville Salvation Army in Wellington, the capital of New Zealand, Hype! has around 80 members who regularly attend a range of events. Hype.church is the youth-ministrie's regular 'church' style weekly meeting - unique in that all members who attend are given an opportunity to share their thoughts on the weekly topic. Hype! also has fortnightly social events run under the Hype.massive name.
Their official website can be found here: [4]

2Love

2Love, is a sub-brand of The Salvation Army, and will be used to help to engage the youth across the territory in a new way. We are desperate to see our youth once again become passionate about God and our movement, and we pray God will help us to have a radical edge as we move forward.

Publications

The Salvation Army publishes ''The Salvationist'' newspaper every week. Founded in 1878 it usually consists of 24 pages covering events and issues in the army within a given area.
It also publishes ''The War Cry''.

Controversy

The Salvation Army in the U.S. has come under scrutiny for legal discrimination in hiring and for its requirements on how employees should behave. The Army's employment policy is explained by them thus:

"It is the policy of The Salvation Army that it will provide equal opportunity for employment on the bases enumerated in the federal, state and local laws applicable to it, except where a prohibition on discrimination is inconsistent with the religious principles of The Salvation Army. Such equal opportunity for employment will apply to recruitment and hiring, training, promotion, salaries and other compensation, transfers and layoffs or termination.

As a religious organization, a branch of the Christian church, The Salvation Army reserves the right to make such employment decisions, adopt employment policies (including employee benefits) which are calculated to promote the religious and moral principles for which it is established and maintained, consistent with its rights to the free exercise of its religion guaranteed to it by the Constitution of the United States.

Without limiting the foregoing, by accepting employment with The Salvation Army, an individual acknowledges that The Salvation Army is a church, agrees to do nothing to undermine its religious mission, and acknowledges that conduct must not conflict with or undermine the religious programs of The Salvation Army, or its religious and moral purposes."

The Army's position is that because it is a church, Section VII of the U.S. Civil Rights Act of 1964 explicitly guarantees its rights to be particular in its hiring.
In a recent case, the New York Federal Court ruled that the organization could use religious criteria in its hiring.
The State of New York has proposed legislation that requires businesses to offer health benefits to same-sex partners of employees. The Salvation Army opposes this policy and has threatened to close its soup kitchens and shelters across New York. [5]

Australia

The Australian Salvation Army apologizes for sexual abuse which occurred during the 40's, 50's, 60's and 70's.[6]

Russia

In December 2001, a Moscow court ruled that the Salvation Army was a "paramilitary" organization subject to expulsion. [7] In October 2006, the European Court of Human Rights ruled this decision to be illegal. [8]

Cultural references

Film

Music

★ American composer Charles Ives wrote a piece for vocalist and piano entitled "General William Booth Enters Into Heaven." William Booth was the founder of The Salvation Army and Ives grew up in Connecticut, a neighbour of Booth's granddaughter.

★ Joe Hill's song "The Preacher and the Slave" includes a reference to a group called the "Starvation Army", who perform music and solicit donations but offer the poor only promises of "pie in the sky when you die."

★ The punk rock band Rancid has a song entitled "Salvation". The song shares the experience of Tim Armstrong's employment with The Salvation Army.

★ The White Stripes song "Seven Nation Army" is named after Jack White's belief as a child that the Salvation Army was actually called "the Seven Nation Army."

★ The Christmas song "Silver Bells," first sung by Bob Hope and Marilyn Maxwell in the movie ''The Lemon Drop Kid'', was inspired by the imagery of Salvation Army bellringers standing outside department stores every Christmas season.

★ The Beatles song "Strawberry Fields Forever" was inspired by The Salvation Army's Strawberry Field Children's home in Liverpool, England. Strawberry Field closed in 2005 as a social centre and is now a new prayer and mission centre.

★ The 1980s band The Dream Academy references the Salvation Army Band in the lyrics to their hit song "Life in a Northern Town."

★ Simon and Garfunkel's song "Hazy Shade of Winter" references the Salvation Army Band. This song was also covered by The Bangles.

★ Pink Floyd, in their song Jugband Blues, recruited an actual Salvation Army brass band. Syd Barrett wanted a Salvation Army band to play on the track. They were brought in, but when he stated that he wanted them to simply "play whatever they want" regardless of the rest of the group, Norman Smith insisted on recorded parts. Eventually both versions were recorded and used.

★ The Canadian-American singer-songwriter Rufus Wainwright (son of Loudon Wainwright III) has a song entitled "Sally Ann" in which, unsurprisingly, he makes mention of Sally Ann several times. The song appears on his self-titled 1998 debut.

★ Singer-songwriter Phil Keaggy recorded "Salvation Army Band" on the'' True Believers'' CD.

★ Singer-songwriter Kevin Brocksieck [9] co-wrote "Second-Hand Soul" inspired by The Salvation Army's homeless shelter in Colorado Springs, CO.

Plays

★ In Bertolt Brecht's play ''Saint Joan of the Stockyards'', Joan, the protagonist, is a Lieutenant of The Salvation Army.

★ George Bernard Shaw's play ''Major Barbara'' centers around The Salvation Army.

★ Guys and Dolls the musical features The Salvation Army, a member of which becomes the love interest of a New York gambler.

Television

★ ''Hallelujah!'' was a British TV sitcom from 1981 set in a Salvation Army citadel starring Thora Hird and Patsy Rowlands

★ The character Harold Bishop in the long-running Australian soap series ''Neighbours'' is a member of The Salvation Army.

★ An episode of The Goodies featured a spoof of The Salvation Army, which included recruitment films for it and the "Salvation Navy" and the "Salvation Airforce"

★ “Hobson’s Choice,” an English ballet adaptation of Harold Brighouse's play of the same title with choreography by David Bintley and music by Paul Reade, and premiered on February 13, 1989 by Sadler's Wells Royal Ballet at Covent Garden, London, features an ensemble dance of Salvation Army soldiers in the second act. The choreography effectively evokes the stern dignity and religious fervor stereotypically associated with The Salvation Army. A video production of the ballet has been seen on television broadcasts, and released on DVD.

★ Actor Colin Salmon was a member of The Salvation Army

See also

★ Generals of The Salvation Army

★ Chief of the Staff of The Salvation Army

★ High Council of The Salvation Army

★ Officer of The Salvation Army

★ Soldier of The Salvation Army

★ Salvation Army filmography

Other miscellaneous articles

★ Salvation Army Band

★ The Salvation Army in Parramatta

★ The Salvation Army U.S.A. Western Territory

★ Salvation Army U.S.A Central Territory

★ The Salvation Army in Manchester

★ Chalk Farm Salvation Army Band

★ Maidenhead Citadel Band

★ Kroc Center

★ International Staff Band

★ Melbourne Staff Band

Footnotes

1. History of The Salvation Army - Social Services of Greater New York, retrieved 30 January 2007.
2. Salvation Army Doctrinal Statement, retrieved 8 December 2006.
3. Foundation deed of the army.
4. Soldier's Covenant, retrieved December 8 2006.
5. Brass Bands in the Salvation Army, retrieved 2 June 2007.

References

★ In Darkest England and The Way Out, William Booth, Diggory Press, ISBN 978-1846853777

★ Purity of Heart, William Booth, Diggory Press, ISBN 978-1846853760
★

★ Eason, Andrew Mark. ''Women in God's Army: Gender and Equality in the Early Salvation Army''. Waterloo, Ontario, Canada: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2003. ISBN 0-88920-418-7

★ A Hundred Years’ War:The Salvation Army 1865 – 1965 (Watson Bernard)

★ The History of the Salvation Army Vol. I (Sandall Robert)

★ The General next to God (Collier Richard)

★ God's Army: The Story of the Salvation Army (Brook Stephen)

★ Marching to Glory: The History of the Salvation Army in the United States, 1880-1992, , E.H., McKinley, Eerdmans Pub Co, 1995, ISBN 0-8028-3761-1

★ Hallelujah Lads and Lasses: Remaking the Salvation Army in America, 1880-1930, , Lillian, Taiz, University of North Carolina Press, 2001, ISBN 0-8078-2621-9

★ Pulling the Devil's Kingdom Down: The Salvation Army in Victorian Britain, , Pamela J., Walker, University of California Press, 2001, ISBN 0-520-22591-0

★ Red-Hot and Righteous: The Urban Religion of the Salvation Army, , Diane, Winston, Harvard University Press, 2000, ISBN 0-674-00396-9

★ The Salvation Army: A distinctive corps simultaneously expands and shrinks Richard N. Ostling

★ Washington Post article regarding the deal between Salvation Army and the Bush administration

External links

★ The Salvation Army (International)

★ The Salvation Army (UK & Ireland)

★ The Salvation Army (Canada & Bermuda)

★ Private Museum about the Salvation Army

★ Music website by The Salvation Army