S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION ENERGIA

'S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia' (Russian: Ракетно-космическая корпорация "Энергия" им. С.П.Королева), also known as 'RKK Energiya', is a Russian manufacturer of spacecraft and space station components. It was founded on 16 May 1946 and has been known successively as: ''Special Design Bureau number 1 of R&D Institute number 88'' ( or 'OKB-1' of NII-88), ''TsKBEM'', ''NPO Energia'' and ''S.P. Korolev RSC Energia''. It is named after the first chief of its design bureau Sergei Korolev (1946-1966). His successors as chief designers were: Vasiliy Mishin (1966–1974), Valentin Glushko (1974–1989), Yuriy Semenov (1989–2005), Nikolay Sevastyanov (2005–2007). Its current President and Chief designer is Vitaliy Lopota.

Contents

Historic projects

Ongoing projects

Future projects

See also

References

External links

Historic projects

Throughout the years its products have included:

★ series of IRBMs and ICBMs, including meteorological rockets as their modifications: R-1, R-1A, R-1B, R-1V, R-1D, R-1E, R-5, R-5M, R-11, R-11A, R-11FM, R-7, R-9, and RT-2P;

★ launch vehichles: "Sputnik", "Vostok", "Molniya", "Soyuz", N1 as a part of N1-L3 lunar complex, "Energia", "Yamal", "Kvant", "Kvant-1", "Avrora";

★ upper stages for different kinds of launch vehicles: blocks L and DM;

★ series of research, observation and communication Earth satellites: "Sputnik", "Elektron", "Zenit", "Molniya", "Signal", "Yamal", DZZ;

★ series of deep space exploration spacecraft: "Luna", "Venera", "Mars", "Zond";

★ unmanned cargo spacecraft: "Progress";

★ manned spacecrafts: "Vostok", "Voskhod", "Soyuz", "Soyuz T", "Soyuz TM", "Buran".

★ series of Earth space stations: "Salyut", "Mir", some modules of ISS;

★ lunar space station: L3 with Lunar Landing Module (as a part of N1-L3 lunar complex).

Ongoing projects

★ Energia builds Russia's Soyuz TMA spacecraft for 3-person human spaceflight missions and Progress M robotic spacecraft for cargo missions.

★ Russian segment of ISS: providing its own cosmonauts for ISS expeditions; responsibility for all Russian scientific experiments.

★ Sea Launch project participation - production of block DM-SL as the upper stage for Ukrainian launch vehicle Zenit-3SL.

★ Universal Spacecraft Configuration - usage for development of: communications satellites, remote sensing satellites, navigation satellites and unmanned orbital servicing satellites. USC was a basis for "Yamal-100" and "Yamal-200" satellites.

Future projects

★ Further assembly of ISS Russian segment: development of Multipurpose Laboratory Module (together with Krunichev Space Centre) and "Oka" space production modules (not permanently attached to ISS).

★ Development of Kliper transportation system with 3 stages:

★ # Modernization of "Soyuz TMA" spacecraft for manned lunar missions.

★ # Development of "Parom" space tug (in order to replace "Progress M" cargo spacecraft).

★ #Development of "Kliper" spacecraft (for 6 persons each).

★ Development of manned lunar program: landing by 2015, creating of permanent lunar base by 2020 in order to extract helium-3.

★ Development of manned Mars mission: landing by 2025.

★ Development of "Yamal-300" and "Yamal-400" communication satellites for Gazprom corporation.

★ Development of "Smotr" remote sensing satellites.

See also

★ RKK Energiya museum

★ Sergey Afanasyev

★ Aerospace manufacturer

★ Kliper

★ Parom

★ Nikolai Sevastianov

★ Soyuz spacecraft

References

★ M. Gruntman, ''Blazing the Trail: The Early History of Spacecraft and Rocketry'', AIAA, Reston, Va., 2004, ISBN 978-1-56347-705-8.

External links

★ Official English web site: http://www.energia.ru/english/