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'Robert Dundas, Lord Arniston', the elder (1685 – 1753) was a Scottish judge.
The second son of Robert Dundas (d. 1726) he served as Solicitor General for Scotland from 1717 to 1720 and as Lord Advocate from 1720 to 1725. He was Dean of the Faculty of Advocates from 1721.
He was Member of Parliament for Midlothian from 1722 to 1727, 1727 to 1734 and 1734–7; He was chief adviser of Lord Ilay's opponents. He was Lord President of the Court of Session from 1748 to 1753. In 1728 he reintroduced into Scottish juries the possible verdicts of ''guilty'' or ''not guilty'' as against ''proven'' or ''not proven''.
Part of a remarkable Scottish legal and political dynasty, his father Robert Dundas had been an MP and judge, as were his son Robert Dundas (1713–1787) and grandson Robert Dundas (1758–1819).