'Richard Burton',
CBE (
November 10 1925 –
August 5 1984) was a
Welsh actor. He was at one time the highest-paid actor in
Hollywood.
[1] Known for his distinctive voice, he was nominated seven times for
Academy Awards for acting, yet never won.
Background and education
He was born 'Richard Walter Jenkins Jr.' in the village of
Pontrhydyfen,
Wales, near
Port Talbot and grew up in a poor,
Welsh-speaking household, the twelfth of thirteen children.
[1] His father was a coalminer, and his mother died after the last birth, before he was two years old; thenceforth a sister in Port Talbot took him into her family
[2] [3] where he was raised a
Presbyterian.
He showed a talent for English literature at
grammar school, though his consuming interest was sport.
[4] With the assistance of his inspirational schoolmaster, Philip H. Burton (who mentored him), he excelled in school productions. Philip could not legally adopt Burton because their ages were too close together.
[2] It was at this time that he began to develop the distinctive speaking voice that became his hallmark, having been encouraged by Philip (who sidelined as a BBC radio producer) to "lose his Welsh accent". To this day, many aspiring actors study Burton's style of elocution which has been hailed by critics worldwide. His official website claims that he was the highest paid actor in Hollywood during his heyday of on-screen and off-screen collaborations with fellow icon
Liz Taylor, and he is often ranked among the greatest actors of all time.
There is a widespread myth (perhaps encouraged or even believed by some members of his stoutly working-class family) that Richard Burton "won a scholarship to Oxford at the age of sixteen" but left after six months. The facts, as recorded by Burton himself in his autobiography and in ''Richard and Philip'', which he co-wrote, are as follows: At the age of sixteen, he was forced to leave school and find work as a shop assistant. His former teacher, Philip Burton, recognising his talent, adopted him and enabled him to return to school. In 1943, at the age of eighteen, Richard Burton (who had now taken his teacher's surname), was allowed into
Exeter College, Oxford, for a term of six months study. This was made possible only because it was wartime and he was an air force cadet.
He subsequently served in the
RAF (1944-1947) as a navigator. His eyesight was not good enough for him to be considered pilot material.
[5].
Early acting career
In the 1940s and early 1950s Burton worked on stage and in cinema in the United Kingdom. Before his war service with the RAF, he had made his professional debut in
Liverpool, appearing in a play called ''Druid's Rest'', but his career was interrupted by conscription in 1944. While making his first film, ''
The Last Days of Dolwyn'' in 1947, he met his future wife, the young actress
Sybil Williams, and they married in February 1949. They had two daughters, but divorced in 1963, after Burton hit the big time. In the year of his marriage to Sybil, Burton appeared in the
West End in a highly successful production of ''
The Lady's Not For Burning'', alongside Sir
John Gielgud. He had small parts in various British films: ''
Now Barabbas Was A Robber''; ''
Waterfront'' (1950) with
Robert Newton; ''
The Woman With No Name'' (1951); and a bigger part as a smuggler in ''
Green Grow The Rushes'', a
B-movie. In the 1951 season at Stratford , he gave a critically acclaimed performance as Prince Hal. This prompted
Alexander Korda to try to get Burton to sign a contract with him, and in 1952 Burton signed a five year contract with Korda at £100 a week.
Hollywood and later career
Richard Burton in the movie ''
Cleopatra'' (1963)
In 1952, Burton successfully made the transition to a
Hollywood star; on the recommendation of
Daphne du Maurier, he was given the leading role in ''
My Cousin Rachel'' opposite
Olivia de Havilland.
20th century Fox negotiated with Korda to borrow him for this film and a further two at $50,000 a film. The film was a critical success, established Burton as a Hollywood leading man, and won him his first
Academy Award nomination. The following year he created a sensation by starring in ''
The Robe,'' the first film to be shot in the wide-screen process
Cinemascope, winning another
Oscar nomination. In 1954, he took his most famous radio role, as the narrator in the original production of
Dylan Thomas' ''
Under Milk Wood'', a role he would reprise in the film version twenty years later.
Stage career
Burton was still juggling theatre with film, playing
Hamlet and
Coriolanus at the
Old Vic Theatre in 1953 and alternating the roles of
Iago and
Othello with the Old Vic's other rising matinee idol
John Neville. He also appeared on
Broadway, receiving a
Tony Award nomination for ''
Time Remembered'' (1958) and winning the award for playing
King Arthur in the musical ''
Camelot'' (1960). He then put his stage career on the back burner to concentrate on film, although he received a third
Tony Award nomination when he reprised his
Hamlet under
John Gielgud's direction in 1964 in a production that holds the record for the longest run of the play in
Broadway history. After that his stage appearances were rare, although he made a memorable return to
Broadway in 1976 in ''
Equus'', his performance as psychiatrist Martin Dysart winning both a special
Tony Award for his appearance as well as the role in the 1977
film version. Burton made only two more stage appearances after that, in a high-paying touring production of ''
Camelot'' in 1980 that he was forced to leave early in the run due to a back injury (to be replaced by his friend
Richard Harris), and in a critically reviled production of
Noël Coward's ''
Private Lives'' opposite his ex-wife
Elizabeth Taylor in 1983. Most reviewers dismissed the production as a transparent attempt to capitalize on the couple's celebrity, although they grudgingly praised Burton as having the closest connection to Coward's play of anyone in the cast.
Hollywood career in the 1950s and 1960s
In terms of critical success, his Hollywood roles throughout the 1950s did not live up to the early promise of his debut. Then in 1958, he was offered the part of Jimmy Porter in the film version of
John Osborne's play ''
Look Back in Anger'', a gritty drama about middle-class life in the British Midlands. After playing King Arthur in ''
Camelot'' on Broadway, he replaced
Stephen Boyd as Mark Antony in the troubled production ''
Cleopatra'' (1963). This film proved to be the start of his most successful period in Hollywood; he would remain among the top 10 box-office earners for the next four years. During the filming, Burton met and fell in love with
Elizabeth Taylor, although the two would not be free to marry until 1965, when their respective divorces were complete. Their private lives turned out to be an endless source of curiosity for the media, and their marriage was also the start of a series of on-screen collaborations.
Richard Burton as O'Brien in ''
1984''
He played Taylor's tycoon husband in ''
The V.I.P.s'', an all-star film set in the
VIP lounge of
London Airport which proved to be a box-office hit. After playing the archbishop martyred by Henry II in the title role of ''
Becket'' and British spy Alec Leamas in ''
The Spy Who Came in from the Cold'', he and Taylor had a great success in
Mike Nichols's film of the
Edward Albee play ''
Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?'', in which a bitter erudite couple spend the evening trading vicious barbs in front of their horrified and fascinated guests, played by
George Segal and
Sandy Dennis. Although all four actors received Oscar nominations for their roles in the film, only Taylor and Dennis went on to win.
Burton and Taylor continued making films together, with their lively version of
Shakespeare's ''
The Taming of the Shrew'' (1967) being a notable success, but later collaborations ''
The Comedians'' (1967), ''
Boom'' (1968), and the Burton-directed ''
Dr. Faustus'' (1967) (which had its genesis from a theatre production he staged and starred in at the
Oxford University Dramatic Society) being critical and commercial failures. He did enjoy a final commercial blockbuster with ''
Where Eagles Dare'' in 1968 but his last film of the decade, ''
Anne of the Thousand Days'' (1969), was a commercial and critical disappointment. In spite of those failures, it performed remarkably well at that year's Academy awards (receiving ten nominations, including one for Burton's performance as
Henry VIII), which many thought to be largely the result of an expensive advertising campaign by
Universal Studios[3].
Career decline
Burton's career went into decline after that, according to many critics who accused him of accepting roles in inferior projects to collect a quick paycheck. Films he made during this period included ''
Bluebeard'' (1972), ''
Hammersmith Is Out'' (1972), and ''
The Klansman'' (1974). He did enjoy one major critical success in the 1970s in the film version of his stage hit ''
Equus'', winning the
Golden Globe Award as well as an
Academy Award nomination. Public sentiment towards his perennial frustration at winning an
Oscar made many pundits consider him the favorite to finally win the award, but on
Oscar Night he lost to
Richard Dreyfuss in ''
The Goodbye Girl''.
He went back to appearing in critically reviled films like ''
The Wild Geese'' (1978), ''
The Medusa Touch'' (1978), ''
Circle of Two'' (1980), and ''
Wagner'' (1983) after his success in ''
Equus'', but his last movie performance as the villain O'Brien in the 1984 film adaptation of
George Orwell's novel ''
Nineteen Eighty-Four'' was critically acclaimed.
Oscar frustration
He was nominated six times for an
Academy Award for Best Actor and once for an
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor - but he never won. From 1982, he and ''
Becket'' co-star
Peter O'Toole shared the record for the male actor with the most nominations (7) for a competitive acting Oscar without ever winning. In 2007, Peter O'Toole was unsuccessfully nominated for an eighth time, for ''
Venus''.
Television
Burton rarely appeared on television, although he gave a memorable performance as
Caliban in a televised production of ''
The Tempest'' for The
Hallmark Hall of Fame in 1960. Later appearances included the TV movie ''
Divorce His - Divorce Hers'' (1973) opposite then-wife
Elizabeth Taylor (a prophetic title, since their first marriage would be dissolved less than a year later), a remake of the classic film ''
Brief Encounter'' (1974) that was considered vastly inferior to the 1946 original, and a critically applauded performance as
Winston Churchill in ''
The Gathering Storm'' (1974). A critically panned film he made about the life of
Richard Wagner (noted only for having the only onscreen teaming of
Laurence Olivier,
John Gielgud and
Ralph Richardson in the same scene) was shown as a television miniseries in 1983 after failing to achieve a theatrical release, but Burton enjoyed a personal triumph in the American television miniseries ''
Ellis Island'' in 1984, receiving an
Emmy Award nomination for his final television performance.
Television played an important part in the fate of his
Broadway appearance in ''
Camelot.'' When the show's run was threatened by disappointing reviews, Burton and costar
Julie Andrews appeared on ''
The Ed Sullivan Show'' to perform the number ''What Do The Simple Folk Do?''. The television appearance renewed public interest in the production and extended its
Broadway run.
Late in his career, he played himself in an episode of the Television Show ''
The Fall Guy'', repeating a stunt he made in 1970 when he and then-wife
Elizabeth Taylor appeared as themselves on an episode of ''
Here's Lucy'' as part of his unsuccessful campaign to win the
Oscar for his nominated performance in''
Anne of the Thousand Days.''
In 1997, archive footage of Burton was used in the first episode of the television series ''Conan.''
[4]
Personal life
Burton was married five times, first to Sybil Williams from 1949 to 1963, and had two children with Williams, Kate Burton and Jessica Burton. He was married twice, consecutively, to
Elizabeth Taylor (15 March 1964 – 26 June 1974 and 10 October 1975 – 29 July 1976). Their second marriage occurred sixteen months after their divorce, in the
Chobe National Park,
Kasane,
Botswana. The relationship between them portrayed in ''
Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?'' is reputed to have been similar to Burton and Taylor's real-life marriage.
He was an insomniac and a notoriously heavy drinker. However, ongoing back pain and a dependence upon pain medications have been suggested as the true cause of his misery.
His father (known as Dich Bach) also a heavy drinker, refused to acknowledge the son's talents, achievements and acclaim.
[6] In turn, Richard declined to attend his funeral, in 1957.
[7]
Burton was banned permanently from
BBC productions in 1974 for questioning the sanity of
Winston Churchill and others in power during
World War II – Burton reported hating them "virulently" for the alleged promise to wipe out all Japanese people on the planet. Ironically, Burton had got along well with Churchill when he met the former Prime Minister at a play in
London, and kept a bust of the great wartime leader on his mantlepiece. Burton courted further controversy in 1976 when he wrote a controversial article about his late friend and fellow Welsh thespian Sir
Stanley Baker, who had recently died from
lung cancer at the age of 49.
Death
Burton's fourth marriage was to Suzy Hunt, ex-wife of motor racing driver
James Hunt, (maiden name Suzy Millar, whose father was a judge in Kenya) and his fifth was to
Sally Hay, a make-up artist who later became a successful novelist. While married to Sally, he died suddenly of a
cerebral hemorrhage at his home in
Switzerland, where he is buried. He was only 58 years old. Burton was buried in a red suit, a tribute to his Welsh roots.
[ Richard Burton, 58, is Dead; Rakish Stage and Screen Star Maureen Dowd ]
Awards and Nominations
Academy Award
★ Nominated: Best Supporting Actor, ''
My Cousin Rachel'' (1952)
★ Nominated: Best Actor, ''
The Robe'' (1953)
★ Nominated: Best Actor, ''
Becket'' (1964)
★ Nominated: Best Actor, ''
The Spy Who Came in from the Cold'' (1965)
★ Nominated: Best Actor, ''
Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? '' (1966)
★ Nominated: Best Actor, ''
Anne of the Thousand Days'' (1969)
★ Nominated: Best Actor, ''
Equus'' (1977)
BAFTA Award
★ Nominated: Best Actor, ''
Look Back in Anger'' (1960)
★ 'Won: Best Actor, ''
Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? '' (1967)'
★ 'Won: Best Actor, ''
The Spy Who Came in from the Cold'' (1967)'
★ Nominated: Best Actor, ''
The Taming of the Shrew'' (1968)
Emmy Award
★ Nominated: Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Limited Series or a Special, ''
Ellis Island'' (1985)
Golden Globe Award
★ 'Won: Most Promising Newcomer - Male, ''
My Cousin Rachel'' (1953)'
★ Nominated: Best Actor - Motion Picture Drama, ''
Look Back in Anger'' (1960)
★ Nominated: Best Actor - Motion Picture Drama, ''
Becket'' (1965)
★ Nominated: Best Actor - Motion Picture Drama, ''
Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?'' (1967)
★ Nominated: Best Actor - Motion Picture Musical/Comedy, ''
The Taming of the Shrew'' (1968)
★ Nominated: Best Actor - Motion Picture Drama, ''
Anne of the Thousand Days'' (1970)
★ 'Won: Best Actor - Motion Picture Drama, ''
Equus'' (1978)'
Tony Award
★ Nominated: Best Actor - Play, ''Time Remembered'' (1959)
★ 'Won: Best Actor - Musical, ''
Camelot'' (1961)'
★ Nominated: Best Actor - Play, ''
Hamlet'' (1964)
★ 'Won: Special Award (1976)'
Filmography
Main articles: Richard Burton filmography
Stage career
★ ''
Measure for Measure'' (1944)
★ ''Druid's Rest'' (1944)
★ ''Castle Anna'' (1948)
★ ''The Lady's Not For Burning'' (1949)
★ ''The Lady's Not For Burning'' (1950)
★ ''A Phoenix Too Frequent'' (1950)
★ ''The Boy With A Cart'' (1950)
★ ''Legend of Lovers'' (1951)
★ ''
The Tempest'' (1951)
★ ''
Henry V'' (1951)
★ ''
Henry IV'' (1951)
★ ''Montserrat'' (1952)
★ ''
The Tempest'' (1953)
★ ''
King John'' (1953)
★ ''
Hamlet'' (1953)
★ ''
Coriolanus'' (1953)
★ ''
Hamlet'' (1953)
★ ''
Twelfth Night'' (1953)
★ ''
Henry V'' (1955)
★ ''
Othello'' (1956)
★ ''Time Remembered'' (1957)
★ ''
Camelot'' (1960)
★ ''
Hamlet'' (1964)
★ ''A Poetry Reading'' (1964)
★ ''Doctor Faustus'' (1966)
★ ''
Equus'' (1970)
★ ''
Camelot'' (1980)
★ ''
Private Lives'' (1983)
References
1. Official Richard Burton Website retrieved August 25 2007
2. p. 47 of Richard Burton, paperback edition by Melvyn Bragg
3. ''Inside Oscar'', Mason Wiley and Damien Boa, Ballantine Books (1986) pg. 434
4. ''Conan'' at the Internet Movie Database
Further reading
★ Shipman, D. ''The Great Movie Stars: The International Years'', Angus & Robertson 1982. ISBN 0-207-14803-1
External links
★
Official Richard Burton Website
★
★
★
★
★
★
Richard Burton's yacht Kalizma
|-
العربية
中国
Français
Deutsch
Ελληνική
हिन्दी
Italiano
日本語
Português
Русский
Español
