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The 'Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer' (Latin: ''Congregatio Sanctissimi Redemptoris'' – C.Ss.R or CSSR) is a
Roman Catholic missionary order founded in
1732 by Saint
Alphonsus Liguori at
Scala, near
Amalfi,
Italy for the purpose of labouring among the neglected country people in the neighbourhood of
Naples.
Members of the order are known as 'Redemptorists'. Priests and brothers work in more than 77 countries around the world.
Mission
The Redemptorists are essentially and by their specific vocation a
missionary society. According to their rule they are "to strive to imitate the virtues and examples of
Jesus Christ, Our
Redeemer, consecrating themselves especially to the preaching of the word of God to the poor". They take the simple vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience, and by the vows of poverty they are bound to refuse all ecclesiastical dignities outside of the congregation. To these vows they add the vow and oath of perseverance to live in the congregation until death. Their labours consist principally in missions, retreats, and similar exercises. In order to render these labours most effective, all their
sermons and instructions should be solid, simple, and persuasive. On all their missions they are obliged to preach a sermon on prayer and one on the intercession of the
Blessed Virgin Mary. In order to secure the salutary effects of their missions, they should, after four or five months, return to the places where they have given missions, and preach another, shorter course of sermons. On missions proper the rule obliges them to hear all the confessions themselves. Wherever the Redemptorists have
parishes they labour in the same spirit, both in the pulpit and in the confessional. One of the great means of preserving truly religious fervour among all classes of the faithful is the Archconfraternity of the
Holy Family, which they establish in all their parishes. They are also most solicitous in providing well-equipped parochial schools, and they take special care of growing youth.
History
Within ten years of the order's foundation, permanent establishments were made at
Nocera,
Ciorani, Iliceto, and
Caposele. In
1749,
Pope Benedict XIV canonically approved the work, under the title of the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer. Royalism, however, caused the greatest obstacle to the development of the new congregation. An effort to obtain the royal exequatur to the papal approbation proved disastrous, and brought about a temporary separation of the Neapolitan houses and those which had been founded in the
Papal States. In
1793, a reunion was at last effected under the new superior general, Pietro Paulo Blasucci, who governed the congregation until
1817. In the next six years several houses were opened in different parts of Southern Italy and
Sicily, and the society flourished, though subjected to many grave trials. It was destined, however, to take on an international character. In
1785 a young
Austrian, Clemens Maria Hofbauer, journeyed to
Rome with a companion, Thaddeus Hübl. There they were deeply impressed by the fervour of the Fathers of the church of
St. Julian, and applied for admission into the community. After profession and ordination, their chief desire was to transplant the congregation to northern countries. They received permission from the general to establish a house in
Vienna or in any other Austrian city. But the Government was unfriendly, and Father Hofbauer offered his services to the Congregation of the Propaganda at
Rome. He was sent to labour for a time in
Courland, Russia. In
1786, with his former companion, Father Hübl, he arrived at
Warsaw, where the
papal nuncio Saluzzo gave them charge of St. Benno's church, whence they were known in
Poland as "Bennonites". Their apostolic zeal and untiring efforts procured the salvation of many souls, and effected the conversion of many people, while their church presented the spectacle of an uninterrupted mission.
In
1793 Father Blasucci, the rector major, then residing at Nocera, appointed Father Hofbauer his vicar-general with all necessary authority. His first thoughts turned to
Germany, though the time seemed inopportune, since Febronianism, Josephinism, Freemasonry, and infidelity held sway all over
Europe. He succeeded, however, in establishing three foundations in Southern Germany, at
Jestetten,
Triberg, and
Babenhausen, which he confided to the care of his favourite disciple, Father Passerat. These foundations were eventually suppressed, and the members banished. Father Passerat then betook himself to
Switzerland, where in
1818 he organized a community at Valsainte in a dilapidated
Carthusian monastery. In the meantime, owing to opposition, the house at
Warsaw was suppressed. In
1808, the Fathers were expelled from St. Benno's and deported to the fortress of
Küstrin Prussia, where they were disbanded. Father Hofbauer, after directing his companions to work for God's glory whenever and wherever they could, proceeded alone to
Vienna, where he became an assistant
chaplain and confessor of nuns. His influence was soon felt on all sides, even in the
Congress of Vienna (
1815), where the destinies of the Church in Germany were then being shaped. He was styled by
Pope Pius VII the "Apostle of Vienna". In the meantime he kept up a constant correspondence with his former companions, did all in his power to find for them suitable fields of labour, and predicted that after his death a brighter future was in store for the congregation, a prophecy that was soon fulfilled. He died 15 March,
1820. In accordance with the request of the Emperor Francis I, the first house of the Redemptorists was canonically established in Vienna on
Christmas Day,
1820. In May several prominent young men, former disciples of Father Hofbauer, had already received the religious habit.
Father Passerat succeeded Hofbauer as vicar-general; the onerous and trying duties of his office were rendered more difficult by the prevalent spirit of Josephinism. The years intervening between
1815 and
1821 found some of the Fathers labouring in
Bulgaria, but, owing to the hostility of the schismatics, they were compelled to abandon this field. A number of flourishing foundations were established between
1820 and
1848. In
1826, at the request of the Austrian Government, a foundation was started at
Lisbon,
Portugal, for the benefit of German Catholics, but it did not last long. In
1820, the Redemptorists acquired the convent of Bischenberg,
Alsace. The new community was sent from Valsainte. In
1828 the Fathers exchanged their poorly furnished home at Valsainte for the commodious Convent of
Fribourg, which proved to be a fruitful nursery for the congregation until the Revolution of
1848. Prior to
1848, six houses had been established in Austria:
★ Frohnleiten in
1826
★ Mautern in
1827, the present house of studies
★
Innsbruck in
1828
★
Marburg and
Eggenburg in
1833
★
Leoben in
1834
During Passerat's administration the congregation was introduced into
Belgium by Father de Held, and in the course of the next ten years four houses were established: [
★
Tournai in
1831
★
Sint-Truiden in
1833
★
Liège in
1833
★
Brussels in
1849
A foundation was also opened at
Wittem,
Holland, where, in
1836, an old
Capuchin monastery became the house of studies.
In
1841 King Louis I of
Bavaria invited the Fathers to the celebrated shrine of Our Lady at
Altötting. During this period four houses were founded in
France:
★ Landser in
Alsace, in
1842
★ St-Nicolas-du-Port, in
1845
★ Teterchen in Lorraine and Contamine in
Savoy, in
1847.
The congregation suffered great losses through the
revolution that swept over Europe in
1848. In
1847 the Fathers were expelled from
Switzerland and in
1848 from
Austria, to which, however, they returned. Important developments were now taking place within the congregation itself. Although the Transalpine portion of the congregation was subject to the rector major at Nocera in
Italy, this superior left its government almost exclusively in the hands of a vicar-general resident at
Vienna. As the congregation had spread far beyond its original boundaries, it was deemed necessary to create the office of provincial between the rector major and the local superiors. Father Passerat, weighed down by age and infirmities, resigned his office in
1848. After a series of deliberations conducted by the
Holy See with the superior general and the Fathers of the Transalpine provinces, Father Rudolph Smetana was appointed vicar-general in
1850.
Pope Pius IX was now persuaded that it would be advantageous to have the superior general resident in
Rome. Fearing the opposition of the King of Naples, he did all in his power to convince him of the benefits arising from this step, but in vain; thereupon he decided, that the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer, to the exclusion of the Neapolitan and the Sicilian houses, should be placed under a general superior, who was henceforth to reside at
Rome. At the same time he made special regulations for the Redemptorists in the
Kingdom of Naples. On the disappearance of the latter, the Neapolitan houses were united to the body of the congregation in
1869.
In pursuance of orders from the
Holy See, Father Smetana convoked a general chapter. It was opened 26 April,
1855. The result of this chapter was the election of Father Nicholas Mauron, a native of
Switzerland, as superior general. He was the first rector major to take up his abode at
Rome. During Smetana's administration, and particularly during that of Mauron, the congregation made rapid progress. The number of provinces in
1852 — not including
Naples and
Sicily — was four; in
1890 they had increased to twelve. The French-Swiss province, presided over by Father Desurmont for twenty-two years (1865-87), gained admission into
Spain and
South America. During the presidency of GarcÃa Moreno two houses were established in the Republic of
Ecuador. A few years later the congregation gained a foothold in
Peru,
Chile, and
Colombia. The original Belgian province, having grown very rapidly, was divided into the provinces of
Belgium and
Holland. The Lower German province found a new field of labour in the eastern part of South America. The province of Holland received charge of the mission at
Surinam,
South America, a settlement colonized partly by lepers.
North America
In
1828 Mgr Résé, Vicar-General of
Cincinnati, visited
Europe to solicit pecuniary aid and to obtain evangelical labourers. While at
Vienna he applied to Passerat, from whom he secured three priests and three lay brothers; they arrived in
New York 20 June,
1832. Two other Fathers followed in
1835. For seven years they laboured heroically among the whites and the Indians of northern
Michigan and northern
Ohio. Though they took charge of many stations in both states, they did not secure a permanent footing in any of these places, with the exception of
Detroit. In
1839 the Fathers were called to
Pittsburgh to assume charge of the German congregation, which was then without a priest, and torn with party strife. In a short time they made it a model congregation. Scattered throughout the surrounding country were many Catholic settlers, to whom they preached the
Word of God and administered the sacraments. This species of mission inaugurated by them wherever they were established was the beginning of many a well-organized parish of today. From this time the care of German congregations, often in a deplorable condition on account of factions, became a prominent element of the apostolate of the Redemptorists in
North America. Their first concern, however, was to establish, wherever feasible, parochial schools, which are in a flourishing condition to this day. When the success of the Fathers at Pittsburgh became known, applications were made to them for other foundations:
★
Baltimore in
1840
★
New York in
1842
★
Philadelphia in
1843
★
Buffalo in
1845
★
Detroit and
New Orleans in
1847
★
Cumberland in
1849.
In
1837 a German congregation had been organized at
Rochester by Father Prost, but the Fathers did not take permanent charge until
1841.
The American province of the congregation was erected in
1850. Its first provincial was the Rev. Bernard Hafkenscheid, a fellow-student of
Pope Leo XIII. One of his first cares was the establishment of a
seminary and the selection of a suitable place for a
novitiate. He chose Cumberland,
Maryland, for the future house of studies. From this nursery of study and piety many able and zealous missionaries went forth. In
1853 the novitiate, which had been located since
1849 at
Baltimore, was removed to
Annapolis,
Maryland. Here the heirs of Charles Carroll of Carrollton had donated their entire estate to the Redemptorist Fathers. This house remained the novitiate until
1907, with the exception of the years 1862-66, when it was at Cumberland, and the students at Annapolis. In 1858-59 the present church and convent were built at Annapolis. In
1868 the students were transferred to the new house of studies at Ilchester,
Maryland, which remained the
Alma Mater of the Redemptorists until
1907. In that year the faculty and the students, forty-eight in number, took up their abode at Esopus, on the
Hudson, where a more spacious scholasticate had been erected. From the first house of
St. Alphonsus in Baltimore sprang other communities:
★
St. Michael's in
1859
★
St. James's in
1867
★
Sacred Heart in
1878.
In
1882, owing to difficulties in the Bohemian parish, the Fathers, at the earnest request of
Cardinal, then
Archbishop, Gibbons, assumed charge of the Bohemians. In this diocese five other parishes, one in the city of
Washington, were originally founded by the Redemptorists. In
1861 the congregation was called to
Chicago,
Illinois, to take charge of
St. Michael's parish. It was not long before a large church and a commodious school and convent were built. The great fire of
1871 destroyed all these structures, but, thanks to the faith and generosity of the people, they were rebuilt.
The many successful missions which the Redemptorists had given in the Diocese of St. Louis induced Archbishop Kenrick to ask for a foundation of the congregation in his episcopal city, and in
1866 a mission house was opened at
St. Louis. In the same year (
1866) another mission house was established in
New York, near the little church of
St. Alphonsus, which had been erected in
1845 for the convenience of the Germans in that section of the city; it had been served by Fathers of the Third Street community. Though now a mission church,
St. Alphonsus's continued to be a parish church for the Germans. Subsequently, two more foundations were made in New York, one for
Bohemian Catholics, and the other for the German Catholics in the northern part of the city. In
1871 an important mission house was opened at Roxbury,
Boston. It was dedicated to
Our Lady of Perpetual Help. Its first rector, the Rev. William H. Gross, was succeeded by the Rev. Leopold Petsch, when the former became Bishop of Savannah in
1873. In
1883, when a new parish was formed in that district, the Fathers of the mission church took charge of it. As early as
1874 the Redemptorists of the American province were called to
St. Patrick's Church,
Quebec,
Canada, the only parish church in that city for English-speaking Catholics. Four years later the American Fathers became the custodians of the miraculous shrine of Ste-Anne de Beaupré, near
Quebec; it was eventually transferred to the Fathers of the Belgian province. The same Fathers assumed charge of St. Anne's,
Montreal, a large parish in a very poor district of the city. The
Baltimore province in the meantime established two other foundations in
Canada:
St. Patrick's,
Toronto, in 1881, and
St. Peter's,
St. John, N. B., in
1884. In
1876 the congregation was invited to take a second church in
Philadelphia, that of
St. Boniface. Besides these houses the province of Baltimore founded in
1881 a separate house for its juvenate, or junior house of studies, at
Northeast,
Pennsylvania. Another house, to be used as a primary juvenate, was purchased in
1886 at
Saratoga,
New York; this is at present a mission house. In
1893 a new house was opened at
Brooklyn,
New York.
In
1875 the original American province was divided, the eastern under the name of the province of Baltimore, and the western as the province of St. Louis. This latter province embraced the houses of St. Louis,
New Orleans,
Chicago, and Chatawa. This last-named place was selected for the novitiate and house of studies for the province of St. Louis, but was subsequently abandoned. Since
1875 several new foundations have been established. In
1878 Kansas City,
Missouri, was selected for an educational institution. The old house of
St. Mary's at Detroit was abandoned in 1872, but in
1880 another house was established in the suburbs of the same city; this is now a flourishing mission and parish church. Two years later the Redemptorists began a second foundation at
Chicago. In
1887 a juvenate was erected at Kirkwood, near St. Louis, and in 1888 the Fathers settled at
Grand Rapids,
Michigan. In
1891 a foundation was made at
Seattle, Washington, in
1897 a new house of studies was erected at De Soto,
Missouri. In
1894 the Fathers went to Denver,
Colorado, and took charge of
St. Joseph's Church; in
1906 to
Portland,
Oregon; in
1908 to Davenport,
Iowa, and to Fresno,
California. In
1910 a new house was founded at
Oconomowoc,
Wisconsin, which will be the future house of studies of the province of
St. Louis.
In
1850, Father Bernard, the first provincial, arrived in America and organized and trained the first band of regular missionaries, among whom were the eminent converts, Fathers Hecker, Hewit, and Walworth; these distinguished missionaries afterwards established the Congregation of the
Paulists. Parish work and mission work, has become a special feature of the congregation in
North America. Some idea of the work of the Baltimore province during the ten years from 1890 to 1899 is conveyed by the following figures:
★ missions and renewals, 1889
★ retreats, 1071
★ other exercises, 75
★ confessions, 2,418,758
★ converts, 1252
★ baptisms, 54,608
★
communions, 6,827,000
★ first communions, 19,077
★
marriages, 8311
★ average number of school children, 13,000
★ converts, 1922.
1866
Pope Pius IX caused the miraculous picture of Our Lady of Perpetual Help to be placed in the Redemptorist Church at
Rome. In
1871 the pope, moved by the urgent and repeated petitions of bishops and heads of religious orders, bestowed the title of
Doctor of the Universal Church upon
St. Alphonsus. Father Hofbauer, the Apostle of Vienna, was beatified in
1889, and Brother Gerard Majella, the thaumaturgus of the congregation, in
1893. The latter was canonized by
Pope Pius X, 11 Dec.,
1904. The eventful administration of Father Mauron ended in
1893. In
1882 he was stricken with apoplexy, and, though he rallied from the shock, a slow decline set in, and he died 13 July,
1893. On 1 March,
1894, Very Rev. Mathias Raus was elected superior general. He was born 9 Aug.,
1829, in the Duchy of
Luxemburg; made his profession 1 Nov.,
1853, and was ordained priest 8 Aug.,
1858. After filling various important offices in the order, he was called to Rome by his predecessor to be one of the general consultors. Father Raus's administration is remarkable for the number of Redemptorist causes of beatification introduced, or about to be introduced, in
Rome, thirteen in all, including:
★ Ven. John Nepomucene Neumann, superior of the American Province, who died as Bishop of
Philadelphia, 5 Jan.,
1860
★ Father Francis X. Seelos, of the American province, who died a victim of yellow fever at
New Orleans, 4 Oct.,
1867
★ and Father Peter Donders, the Apostle of the Lepers in
Surinam, who died in the leper colony at
Batavia, in
Dutch Guiana, 14 Jan.,
1887
★ Father Alfred Pampelon, who died at Ste-Anne de Beaupré in
Canada, 30 Sept.,
1896.
Father Raus's administration was closed by the happy issue of the cause of Blessed Clement M. Hofbauer's canonization, which took place on 20 May,
1909. In that year the superior, having attained his eighty-second year, resigned his responsible office, and in the general chapter opened on 26 April,
1909, the Very Rev. Father Patrick Murray, superior of the Irish province, was elected superior general of the congregation. He was born 24 Nov.,
1865, made his profession 23 Oct.,
1889, and was ordained priest 10 Sept.,
1890.
The Roman province was honoured by
Pope Leo XIII, when he confided to the Fathers the magnificent new church of
St. Joachim in
Rome. The French province was divided into three provinces and two vice-provinces in
1900.
Spain became a province, having eight houses, to which two more communities were added. The French province proper was divided into two provinces,
Lyon and
Paris. To the former now belong the
Southern Pacific vice-province, embracing
Chile and
Peru, and to the latter the Northern vice-province of
Ecuador and
Colombia. Since the suppression of the religious orders in
France in
1904, some of the Redemptorist communities have undertaken new foundations in
Belgium, and others in
South America. In
1900 the Austrian province was also divided into two provinces,
Vienna and
Prague, with a
Polish vice-province. The latter was made a province in 1909. Since the division the Viennese opened two houses in
Denmark, one in Prussian
Silesia, and a fourth at
Linz.
Africa
In
1899 the Belgian Fathers were requested by the Government to take charge of a number of missions in the
Congo State:
★ Matadi
★ Tumba
★ Kionzo
★ Kinkanda
★ Kimpesse
★ Sonagongo
Canada
Canada was made a vice-province in
1894, where four more houses were opened. This vice-province, depending on the Belgian province, numbers six houses. In the
West Indies, which were also made a vice-province in
1904, there are now six houses. The province of Baltimore opened in
1902 a foundation at Mayagüez in
Puerto Rico. Before the occupation of the island by the
United States the Spanish Redemptorists had settled at
San Juan, but at the close of the Cuban War returned to
Spain. The American Fathers are now there as missionaries and pastors. A parish comprising some 30,000 souls is confided to their care. Despite all their labours for the benefit of the natives their progress is very slow. On 26 July,
1911, the Belgian houses of
Canada were erected into a new province.
Bavaria
The Upper German or
Bavarian province, which was under the ban of the Kulturkampf, has recovered some of its lost ground. Since its readmittance, it has added another very important foundation. But the historic convent of Altötting has passed into other hands. In
1894 this province opened in
Brazil a mission of two houses forming a vice-province. The province of
Holland has added to its mission in
Surinam, a mission in
Brazil, forming another vice-province, having under its jurisdiction three houses.
English and Irish provinces
The English province, begun from
Belgium in
1843, owes its great progress to the Rev. Robert A. Coffin, one of the band of converts associated with Newman, Manning, and Faber in the
Oxford Movement. After his ordination to the priesthood he joined the Redemptorists, and gave missions throughout
England and
Ireland, until he was appointed first provincial of the English province in
1865. During his administration of seventeen years new houses were founded in various parts of the
United Kingdom, the house at Perth being the first convent opened in
Scotland since the
Reformation.
Pope Leo XIII appointed the Rev. Robert A. Coffin Bishop of Southwark. His successor as provincial, the Rev. Hugh McDonald, died Bishop of
Aberdeen,
Scotland. The activity of the English Fathers is evidenced by their literary labours and their success on the missions, which resulted in more than 16,000 converts. By
1910, the province has eight houses: Clapham, Bishop-Eton, Monkwearmouth, Bishop's Stortford, Kingswood, Edmonton, and the novitiate and house of studies at
Perth,
Scotland, with a total membership of one hundred and twenty-three. Besides the Rev. Robert A. Coffin, a number of noted converts have joined the congregation, among them Bridgett, Livius, and Douglas.
In
1898 the houses in
Ireland and
Australia, hitherto subject to the English province, were constituted an Irish province, and
Australia, a vice-province, as its dependency. The Rev. Andrew Boylan was appointed the first provincial, with his residence at
Limerick. On 25 March,
1901, the foundation of the present new juvenate house at Limerick was laid. The province of Ireland comprises four houses:
Limerick,
Dundalk,
Belfast, and
Esker; the vice-province of
Australia, three houses: Waratah in
New South Wales, Ballarat in Victoria, and
Perth in Western
Australia. The total membership is one hundred and forty-seven. In
1906 the Rev. Andrew Boylan was commissioned to visit the
Philippine Islands, and to establish there a colony of
Irish Redemptorists. At present there are two Redemptorist Houses on these Islands and one in
Wellington,
New Zealand. The church at Limerick is celebrated for its Confraternity of the
Holy Family for men and boys, founded by the Rev.
Edward Bridgett, which the
Roman Catholic Bishop of Limerick, Dr.
George Butler, called "the miracle wrought by the Mother of Perpetual Succour, a far greater miracle than the cure of a blind boy or the healing of a cripple".
Poland
Redemptorists have formed a socio-political movement in Poland known as the Radio Maryja Family, and the
Radio Maryja station which sparked numerous controversies and scandals and is in conflict with the
Holy See.
Growth of the congregation
The number of subjects in
1852 (not including those of Italy) were:
★ priests, 343
★ professed students, 75
★ priests novice, 12
★
choir novices, 45
★ professed lay brothers, 175
★ lay novices, 67
★
★ total, 715
★ houses, 45.
In 1910 (including
Italy):
★ priests, 2085
★ professed students, 537
★ choir novices, 142
★ professed lay brothers, 962
★ lay novices, 343
★
★ total, 4069
★ houses, 218
★ provinces, 19
★ vice-provinces, 10
The constant and rapid growth of the congregation must be attributed chiefly to the erection of the so-called juvenates. Finding it difficult in some countries and impossible in others to secure a solid future for the different provinces, the Fathers deemed it expedient to receive boys who showed a disposition for the religious and priestly life, and to prepare them while still young for the higher studies. Father Hofbauer adopted this plan, and obtained thereby a number of excellent young men for the order. In the same way Father Passerat was equally successful in drawing young men to the congregation. It was in this manner that Father Mauron, the late superior general, was attracted to the order. But it was only after
1867 or
1868 that a definite scheme of preparing boys for the
novitiate was followed. The idea was taken up simultaneously in the French and American provinces. Father Desurmont was the first to organize this preparatory institution in France. For many years it was customary for the American Fathers to select from their parochial schools boys who, in their opinion, would eventually become fit subjects for the novitiate. After having tested their ability, they instructed them personally in the rudiments of Latin, or sent them to a Catholic college until they reached their sixteenth year. At this age they were admitted to the novitiate, after which they completed their humanities. For the benefit of boys who did not belong to Redemptorist parishes or who lived in other cities the provincial, Father Helmpraecht (1865-77), secured a suitable place near his residence at
Baltimore. One of the Fathers was appointed director. In
1869 a new method was followed. The young men were to finish their classical course before entering the novitiate. To accommodate the increasing number of pupils, provision was made at Baltimore, then at
Ilchester, until finally, in
1881, a desirable college building was purchased at Northeast,
Pennsylvania. Here a six years' classical course is pursued, while at the same time the moral and physical fitness of the young men may be easily ascertained. Similar preparatory colleges, with some slight differences, have been introduced into almost every province. After a
novitiate of one year, the young members pass to the higher course of studies. This embraces two years'
philosophy, two years' dogmatic, and two years' moral
theology, with
natural philosophy, church history,
Sacred Scripture, canon law, pastoral
theology, and
homiletics. After the completion of their studies the young priests make what is called the "second
novitiate" of six months, during which time they are trained theoretically and practically in the special work of the missions.
Literary work
Although the limited number of subjects and the manifold labours of the ministry do not permit the members of the congregation to make a specialty of it, still their literary work is not inconsiderable. Some well known Redemptorist authors include
[1]:
★ Italy
★
★
Januar Sarnelli, Bl.
Panzutti,
Anton Tannoia
★ France
★
★
Achilles Desurmont,
Augustine Berthe,
Leonard Gaudé,
★ England
★
★
Thomas Livius,
Thomas E. Bridgett,
Cyril Ryder,
Robert A. Coffin
★ Austria
★
★
Aug. Rösler,
Karl Dilgskron,
Gerard Diessel,
Georg Freund,
Franz Kayker
★ Bohemia
★
★
Emmanuel Kovar,
Franc. Blatak,
Franc. Sal. Blazek,
Aloys. Polak,
Theoph. Mateju,
Wenc. Melichar
★ Germany
★
★
Michael Benger,
Michael Haringer,
Andreas Hugues,
★ Belgium
★
★
Victor Cardinal Dechamps,
Henri Saintrain,
Ernest Dubois,
Francis X. Godts
★ Holland
★
★
J. Aertnys,
Frans Ter Haar,
Willem van Rossum,
Joh. L. Jansen,
Aloys. Walter
★ Spain and South America
★
★
Tomas Ramos,
Ramon Serabia
★ North America
★
★
Antony Konings,
Joseph Putzer,
Michael Müller,
Ferreol Girardey,
Peter Geiermann
Famous Redemptorists
★ Saint
Gerard Majella (
1726-
1755)
★ Saint
Clement Hofbauer (
1751-
1888), Patron of
Vienna and
Warsaw
★ Saint
John Nepomucene Neumann,
Roman Catholic Bishop of Philadelphia (
1852-
1860)
★ Blessed
Kaspar Stanggassinger (
1871-
1899)
★
Hugh McDonald,
Vicar Apostolic of the Highland District (
1890-
1898)
★ Father
Charles Fehrenbach, author of the book ''Mary Day by Day''
★ Blessed
Francis Xavier Seelos
★ Father
Tadeusz Rydzyk, a leader, founder and head of the
Radio Maryja Family.
★ Father
Alec Reid
★ Father
John Creagh
★ Father
Satish Joseph
★ Father
Ignatius Kumar
★ Father
Suresh Pushparaj
★ Father
Joseph Owens (
1908-
2005)
★ Blessed
Alfred Pampalon
References
1. Article from Catholic Encyclopedia
See also
★
Radio Maryja, an aberrant radio station owned by the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer and run by Redemptorists
External links
★
Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer
★
Transalpine Redemptorists, affiliated with the Society of Saint Pius X
★
The London Province of the Redemptorists
★
The Redemptorists' publishing house in Chawton
★
Redemptorist Spirituality
★
Holy Redeemer Church in Bangkok
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