'Reddish' is an area of the
Metropolitan Borough of Stockport, in
England. The population is 30,055 in an area of 7.08 square kilometres (2.73 mi²).
[1]
Reddish grew and developed rapidly during the
Industrial Revolution and still retains landmarks from that period, such as Houldsworth Mill. Today Reddish is a predominantly residential area, seeing a renewed period of growth and development as residents from nearby affluent areas such as
Heaton Moor and
Bramhall look to Reddish as a way of affording housing.
Reddish Vale is a
country park close to the locality and home to local businesses such as Reddish Vale Tea Room and the Parndon racing
Greyhound kennels.
Geography and administration
Reddish borders
Heaton Chapel and
Brinnington of
Stockport,
Denton of
Tameside, and
Gorton and
Levenshulme of the
City of Manchester.
The extents have been well-defined for at least several hundred years. Reddish was a township in the
ancient parish of Manchester, but lay outside the Manor of Manchester. This had the effect that boundaries of Reddish were described by the boundaries of the Manor of Manchester, with the exception of that with
Cheshire, which was the
River Tame. The manor boundaries were surveyed and recorded in 1322, and the relevant part was:
[2]
following the said water [Tame] to the mid [stream] between the county of Chester and Assheton unto the Mereclowe at Redyshe so following Mereclowe unto Saltergate, from thence following the ditch of Redyshe unto Mikeldiche, following that unto Peyfyngate, following that unto Le Turrepittes between Heton Norreyes and Redishe, from thence following Le Merebroke unto the confluence of the waters of Tame and Mersey
"
Mere" means boundary in this context. The description was traced into early twentieth century features by Crofton
[3][4] and can be cast as
following the middle of the Tame as far as Denton Brook at Reddish; and so following Denton Brook and a tributary as far as Thornley Lane South; and then following Thornley Lane as far as Nico Ditch; and following Nelstrop Road as far as the turf-pits between Heaton Norris and Reddish (these are lost); and from there following Black Brook as far as near the conjunction of the waters of the Tame and Goyt.
However, Black Brook cannot be le Merebroke as it does not flow to the Tame, but joins Cringle Brook, which flows into the Mersey several miles away via Chorlton Brook. With this exception, Crofton’s interpretation of the 1322 boundaries matches those shown on
Ordnance Survey maps of the 1800s.
Administratively, Reddish became an
urban district in 1894.
[ By 1901 the neighbouring County Borough of Stockport had effectively run out of land, and was overflowing into abutting districts. In 1901, after petitioning the Local Government Board, Stockport expanded into several areas including the whole of Reddish, described by Arrowsmith as Stockport's "greatest prize".][Arrowsmith, p. 239. Astle, pp. 73-4. Cronin, pp. 8, 35.][ Local Administrative Units: Northern England, , F, Youngs, Royal Historical Society, 1991, Cited at Reddish Tn/CP Lancashire through time ] Stockport gained Reddish’s tax income and building land, and in return Reddish received several civic amenities, including the building housing Reddish Library, Fire Station (now the community centre), and Swimming Pool (closed 2005). The separate civil parish was merged into Stockport parish in 1935.[The County of Chester Review Order, 1936; 1 April 1935 The Stockport Extension Act, 1934. Cited at Reddish Tn/CP Lancashire through time ]
Reddish's position north of the Tame means it was historically part of Lancashire.[ Local Administrative Units: Northern England, , F, Youngs, Royal Historical Society, 1991, Cited at Reddish UD Lancashire through time ] On the merger with Stockport in 1901 the boundary between Lancashire and Cheshire was moved to place it in Cheshire.[5] In 1974 Stockport and several adjacient territories became a unified metropolitan borough in the newly-created metropolitan county of Greater Manchester.
History
Etymology
Reddish is recorded as Redich (1205, 1212), Redych, Radich (1226), Radish, Rediche (1262), Redditch (1381), Redwyche, Radishe and Reddishe (1500s).[Farrer and Brownbill, pp. 326-9.][Booker, p. 197.] The name either means "reedy ditch" (OE ''hrēod-dīc'') or "red ditch" (OE ''rēad-dīc''). Ekwall (1922) allows either form, stating "red" is less probable; Mills (1991) and Arrowsmith (1997) only give the "reed" option.[6][Arrowsmith, p. 23.][7] The ditch referred to is possibly the Nico Ditch,[ an earthwork of uncertain origin bordering Reddish, Manchester and Denton.[8] Folklore has it that the names Gorton and Reddish arose from a battle between Saxons and Danes.][[9]][ The battle of Gorton Higson, John ] John Higson wrote in 1852
The neigh’ring trench is called the Nicker Ditch
Flowing with blood, it did the name convey
To th’ bordering hamlet, Red-Ditch. Near here, Where
the last ‘tween the foes was fought,
Where victory was won, that memorable
Eminence proudly was distinguished
By the name of Winning Hill. The streamlet
Aforemention’d gains appellation
Of Gore Brook, also the contiguous
Happy hamlet through which it floweth still
Bears, in glorious commemoration,
And e’er shall, the honour’d name of Gore Town.
Farrer and Brownbill dismiss this interpretation as "popular fancy".[10]
Pre-Norman Conquest
Reddish is not rich in history. The Nico (or Nicker) Ditch which skirts the north end of the area forming part of the border with the City of Manchester, is pre-Norman and visible in places. Six coins from the reigns of the Anglo-Saxon English Kings Edmund (reigned 939-946) and Eadred (reigned 946-955) were found during ploughing at Reddish Green in 1789.[[11] There is contrasting source material about the significance of this; Arrowsmith takes this as evidence for existence of a settlement at that time, but Morris states the find could be "an isolated incident".]
1066 to late 18th century
Reddish Hall as drawn by James Croston (Booker, p211)
Reddish does not appear in the Domesday survey; this is in common with most of the then southeast Lancashire area.[12] A corn mill is known to have existed at the junction of Denton Brook and the River Tame from about 1400 onwards.[13] The two main mediaeval houses were Reddish Hall at (demolished 1780,[ but visible on maps dated 1840) and Hulme Hall at , later known as Broadstone, then Broadstone Hall (demolished 1945][Cronin, p. 45.]). The Reddish family were major landowners in the area from at least 1212 to 1613 when title passed by marriage to the Coke family. It passed down the family to Thomas Coke, 1st Earl of Leicester who sold his land in Reddish at the end of the 18th century, and in 1808 it was bought by Robert Hyde Greg and John Greg.[ There were Hulmes in Reddish in the 13th century, and the land passed through the family until about 1700 when it was given to a charitable trust.]
Industrial Revolution
The Stockport Branch Canal passed through Reddish and opened in 1797.[14] It seems to have had little effect by 1825, when Corry's description of Reddish, in full, was "The population of Reddish is but thin".[15] Booker states that in 1857 Reddish was almost entirely agricultural, being made of meadow and pasture (1320 acres); arable land (90 acres); wood and water (50 acres); and buildings and streets (44 acres). At that time, Reddish contained "neither post-office, schoolmaster, lawyer, doctor, nor pawnshop".[16] The population increased over tenfold in the next fifty years with the Industrial Revolution.
The water-powered calico printworks in Reddish Vale on the River Tame is known to have been working before 1800. Industrial development followed the line of the canal[17] and was steam-powered throughout. A variety of manufacturers moved into Reddish during this period.
Robert Hyde Greg and John Greg, sons of Samuel Greg of Quarry Bank Mill, who owned about a third of Reddish by 1857,[18] opened Albert Mills for cotton spinning in 1845. Moor Mill, manufacturing knitting machines, was built around the same time. William Houldsworth’s Reddish Mill for cotton spinning was opened in 1864. Hanover Mill was built in 1865 for cotton spinning, but in 1889 was converted to make silk, velvet, woven fur etc.
The Reddish Spinning Company, partly owned by Houldsworth, opened in 1870. Furnival’s steelworks, making printing presses, opened in 1877. Andrew’s Gas Engine works opened in 1878. The Manchester Guardian’s printworks opened in 1899. Craven Bothers’ engineering works, making cranes, opened in 1900. Broadstone Spinning Company opened a large double mill in 1906/7. These major employers were accompanied by numerous smaller concerns, including dyeworks, bleachworks, wire ropeworks, brickworks, screw manufacturers, makers of surveying equipment, and a tobacco factory.[19]
Brewing, pubs and clubs
Houldsworth WMC. Also used as a church and school before dedicated buildings were built.
[ Viaduct and vaults: a celebration of Stockport's pubs, , , , CAMRA Ltd, 1991, ISBN 1-85249-054-3 ] The small 3 Rivers Brewery has been brewing in Reddish since August 2003.[22]
The pub stock is not well-regarded: "Never offering the best selection of pubs in the borough, it is now easily the worst area for real ale availability ..." [ Stockport Pub Guide M-Z ] is a typical description. It has been suggested that this may be a consequence of Robert Hyde Greg's disapproval of alcohol,[ (due to the alcoholism of an uncle of his father, see also Samuel Greg). Of the nine pubs in Reddish,][ two are currently closed and boarded up. ]
The pubs are supplemented by several working men's and political clubs. The Houldsworth WMC was awarded a blue plaque by Stockport MBC in December 2006.[23] Reddish WMC was founded by in 1845 by millowner Robert Hyde Greg as a Mechanics Institute and Library. It is claimed to be the oldest club registered with the CIU.[24]
Transport
Canal
The Ashton Canal and the Stockport Branch Canal were built to join Manchester and Stockport to the coal mines in Oldham and Ashton-under-Lyne. The branch was dependent on the main for its utility, and hence its planning, passing through parliament, and construction came after that of the main. The main opened in 1796 and the branch in 1796. The branch was just under five miles (8 km) long, and left the Ashton Canal at Clayton, passed through Gorton and Reddish, and terminated just over the boundary in Heaton Norris, adjacent to what was then the main turnpike between Manchester and Stockport. The Beat Bank Branch Canal was planned as a sub-branch and was intended to cross Reddish Vale to a colliery at Denton, but the scheme was abandoned by 1798.[25][Ashmore, pp. 58-70.] By 1827 the canal was bringing coal to Stockport from as far as Norbury and Poynton.[26]
The canal was purchased by the Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire Railway in 1848.[ Traffic declined and the canal was described as derelict as early as 1922.[19] Commercial traffic ceased in the 1930s][ and the canal was declared officially closed in 1962 and filled in.[28]]
Turnpike
The road currently designated the B6167 (Sandy Lane, Reddish Road, Gorton Road, and Reddish Lane) was turnpiked by the Manchester, Denton and Stockport Trust following an Act of 1818.[[29].]
Rail
The history of the development of rail infrastructure in the UK is complicated, with lines and stations being built by a myriad of railway companies and joint ventures. Routes did not always follow the best path, but were created, altered, or blocked through lobbying of parliament by interested parties intent on protecting their interests and preventing competition. Due to their strategic position between Manchester and London, Stockport and Reddish played their parts. Reddish played host to three railway lines, two railway stations, and a traction depot.
To improve readability, the names of the stations and lines are the latest (or last) used.
Reddish South
The West Coast Main Line running between Manchester Piccadilly and London via Crewe was opened in 1840-2 by the Manchester and Birmingham Railway (M&B), crossing the Mersey valley on a large viaduct at Stockport. In 1849 a line was opened from the north side of the viaduct via Reddish South and Denton stations to join the Woodhead Line (Piccadilly to Sheffield) of the Sheffield, Ashton-Under-Lyne and Manchester Railway (SA&MR) at Guide Bridge. A short branch went to Denton Colliery. The station at Reddish South contained a large goods yard, and trade through the station played an important role, alongside the canal, in the industrialisation of the area.[Arrowsmith, pp. 231-6]
The M&B became part of the London and North Western Railway (LNWR) by 1849: the SA&MR became part of the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway (MS&L) in 1847. At this stage both companies used Piccadilly as their Manchester terminus. The LNWR held a monoply on the important London route.
Reddish North
In 1862 the MS&L built a line from Hyde Junction to near Compstall on the River Goyt. In 1865 this was extended over the river to New Mills, and later joined the Midland Railway's Derbyshire lines. By 1867 Midland trains were running from London to Piccadilly via this (considerably longer) route, providing competition to the LNWR. In 1875 the Sheffield and Midland Railway Companies' Committee, a joint venture between the MS&L and the Midland, opened a new more direct route from near Romiley to Piccadilly, and gave Reddish its second station, Reddish North.
Reddish Electric Depot
The Midland was given notice to leave Piccadilly in the same year that Reddish North opened, and construction of Manchester Central railway station started.[ The Fallowfield Line was opened in 1892 to allow access from the Woodhead Line to Manchester Central and Trafford Park, and passed through a corner of Reddish. Stations were built just outside Reddish at Hyde Road and Levenshulme South.][ The Fallowfield line: an illustrated review of the Manchester Central Station line, , E M, Johnson, Foxline, , ISBN 1870119-69X ] In 1936 the MS&L's successor, the London and North Eastern Railway, planned to electrify the Woodhead Line and the Fallowfield Line, primarily for shipping coal from Yorkshire, but World War II interrupted progress. After the war, the railways were nationalised as British Rail (BR). The electrification plan was put in place as the Manchester-Sheffield-Wath electric railway, opening in 1954 using a 1500 V DC system. A 400 ft (120 m) depot was constructed at Reddish to maintain the Class 76 and 77 locomotives. However, electrification was not continued beyond the depot to Trafford Park.[ Lost railways of Merseyside and Greater Manchester, , Gordon, Suggitt, Countryside Books, , ISBN 1-85306-869-1 ] Shortly afterwards, BR adopted the 25 kV AC system for electrification, with the effect that the Woodhead Line "pased very quickly from ultra-modern to obsolescent."[ Rails of Manchester: a short history of the city's rail network, , Charles, Hulme, John Rylands University Library of Manchester, , ISBN 0-86373-105-8 ]
Local passenger services stopped using the Fallowfield Line in 1958 (though through trains continued until 1969).[ The Beeching Report of 1963 recommended that the Woodhead Line be retained and the Hope Valley line (serving Reddish North Station) closed; in 1966 BR controversially implemented the reverse.]
The depot was used to house the prestiguous Midland Pullman in the early 1960s and continued to service locomotives until it and the Woodhead Line were closed in 1981. Despite rumours that the depot would be used to service the Manchester Metrolink, the depot fully closed in 1983, was quickly vandalised, and has been demolished. The Fallowfield line closed completely in 1988 and the track was taken up.[[30]]
Demographics
'Population[31][ ''Old Ordnance Survey Maps: North Reddish and S W Denton, Ordnance Survey, , , Alan Godfrey Maps, , ISBN 0-85054-654-0][ Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales, , John Marius, Wilson, , 1870-72, Cited at Reddish Lancashire through time ]'| year | population |
|---|
| 1774 | 302 |
| 1811 | 456 |
| 1821 | 574 |
| 1831 | 860 |
| 1841 | 1188 |
| 1851 | 1218 |
| 1861 | 1363 |
| 1901 | 8668 |
| 1911 | 14252 |
The most recent data is from the United Kingdom Census 2001. The census data below is based on the North Reddish and South Reddish wards. The modern South Reddish ward contains a small area that was traditionally part of Heaton Chapel and Heaton Norris, and some of Reddish has been transferred to Heaton Chapel.
White British is the predominant ethnicity. For the North Reddish ward, just under 97% of the population of 16120 were identified as white (including Irish and other white), 1.48% as mixed-race, 0.73% as black, 0.6% as Chinese, and 0.43% as Asian. For the South Reddish ward, just under 96% of the population of 13935 were identified as White, 1.28% as mixed race, 1.28% as Asian, 0.86% as Black, and 0.84% as Chinese.
The housing stock remains mainly terraced and semi-detached. For the North Reddish ward, the 6914 housing units were divided into 8% detached house, 46% semi-detached, 36% terraced, and 10% flats. For the South Reddish ward, the 6598 housing units were divided into 5% detached house, 29% semi-detached, 44% terraced, and 22% flats. There are no tower blocks in Reddish,[32] unlike several neighbouring areas.
Some housing built by factory owners for their employees remains. Greg Street, Birkdale Road, and Broadstone Hall Road South have mid-nineteenth century terraces built by the Gregs for the workers at their (demolished) Victoria and Albert Mills.[33] Furnival Street was built in 1886 to house workers at the (demolished) Furnival’s ironworks [34] The largest collection is that built by Houldsworth near to his Reddish Mill, even though only Liverpool Street and Houldsworth Street remain after clearance in about 1974[35]. The houses on Houldsworth Street, directly facing the mill, are grander, and would have been for the higher placed workers.[36]
Hartwell dates a small group of farm buildings and cottages at Shores Fold, near the junction of Nelstrop Road and Marbury Road, to the sixteenth and late seventeenth to early eighteenth century. These would have been on the traditional Reddish – Heaton Norris border, but are now firmly inside Heaton Chapel.[37]
Present day
The area is home to many tertiary services. Houldsworth square (named after local Victorian era mill-owner, William Houldsworth) has many shops and banks, serving the local population. There are also many well-performing schools such as Reddish Vale Technology College in South Reddish, which in 2006 became the only school in Greater Manchester to be announced by the Government as a 'Trust Pathfinder' school. It is served by two railway stations Reddish North and Reddish South, the latter being used mainly for freight services, apart from the once-a-week "Parliamentary train" to Stalybridge.
In 1935 Norman Foster was born in Reddish and went onto study architecture at Manchester University. Baron Foster is one of the leading architects in the world and is noted for his works in London which include the Millennium Bridge, City Hall, 30 St Mary Axe and the new Wembley Stadium.
Reddish is a densely populated area and is close to some of the richest parts of the country (such as Alderley Edge in Cheshire). However, in common with many urban areas of the United Kingdom Reddish suffers from a certain degree of crime-related activity. Despite this, Reddish continues to be an attraction to many people in the Greater Manchester area to work, live and relax.
Affluence
There are several measures of overall wealth and poverty. The Human Poverty Index calculates a value based on longevity, literacy, unemployment, and income. High values indicate increasing poverty. The parliamentary constituency scores 14.4, close to the UK average of 14.8. This compares well with neighbours Manchester Gorton (20.5) and Stockport (14.2), but poorly with the other Stockport constituencies of Hazel Grove (10.9) and
Cheadle, placed third best in the UK with a value of 7.9.[38]
On a narrower level, the estimated household weekly income for the period April 01 to March 02 for North & South Reddish wards was £440 and £400 respectively. In comparison with nearby wards, this is higher than Gorton North, Gorton South and Brinnington (at £350, £330, and £340), slightly lower than Denton West (£480), and significantly lower than Heaton Moor and Heaton Mersey (£590).[39] The averages for the North-West region and the UK were £489 and £554 respectively (2001-2004).[40]
Education
Reddish's only secondary school is Reddish Vale Technology College. Sited on the edge of the green belt, the school has its own farm and is characterised by OFSTED as " a good school". It teaches about 1400 pupils from the ages of 11 to 16, but does not have a sixth form.[ Inspection Report: Reddish Vale Technology College, , Mark, Woodward, , 2004, ][41][42][43]
As of 2007 Reddish has ten nursery and primary schools, including some church schools (Roman Catholic and Church of England).[44][45] It has been proposed to close three of these and build a new school. The site chosen was formerly a clay pit for a brickworks, and later a landfill site. Much of the landfill took place before modern controls, and there is local concern about the suitability of the site.[46][47][48]
Retail
The shopping area around Houldsworth Square contains about eighty small shops[49] and has been chosen as one of eight areas to benefit from the Agora Project[50][51] an EU-funded project to reverse the decline in local shopping areas.
Stockport MBC describes Reddish as one of the eight major district centres in the borough that offer "local history, modern convenient facilities and traditional high street retailing". The other seven are
Bramhall, Cheadle, Cheadle Hulme, Edgeley, Hazel Grove, Marple, and Romiley.[52]
Transport
The B6167 is the main road through Reddish. It allows access to the A57 for Manchester or the M60/M67 junction at the north, and to Stockport and the M60 to the south. It was designated a Quality Bus Coridor in 2004[53] and a number of modifications made. As of 2006, any improvements have not been quantified. The main bus route runs from Stockport via Reddish and Gorton to Manchester. Less-frequent services run to Ashton via Gorton & Droylsden, Ashton via Denton, Manchester via Didsbury and Rusholme, Hazel Grove, and Wythenshawe.[54] Trains from Reddish North station run to Manchester Piccadilly and New Mills, with some trains continuing to Sheffield. Reddish South station does not provide a significant service. A few dedicated cycle routes cross the area.
Politics
Reddish is located in the parliamentary constituency of Denton and Reddish. Andrew Gwynne (Labour) has represented the seat since the 2005 General Election, and the seat has been in Labour hands since its creation. The seat rose briefly to national prominence in April 2006, when Joan Howarth, a Conservative candidate in local elections, suggested that a black or Asian Conservative parliamentary candidate "wouldn't work", because of the "traditional working class" electorate.[ David Cameron embroiled in fresh race row ][ Cameron lambasts Tory candidate ] David Cameron, the leader of the Conservative Party, disowned the comments, saying that the candidate was in "the wrong party".[ At the 2005 general election, Gwynne attracted 57.4% of the votes cast, and the second-placed candidate 19.3%.[55]]
North and South Reddish each return three councillors to Stockport Metropolitan Borough Council. At May 2007 these were Anne Graham, David Owen, and Peter Scott(Reddish North); Joan Kidd, Walter Brett, and Thomas Grundy(Reddish South). All six belong to the Labour Party.
Religion
Reddish falls in the Diocese of Manchester for the Church of England, and the Diocese of Salford for the Roman Catholic Church.
St Elisabeth's. The shadow across the roof is cast by the chimney from the nearby Reddish (Houldsworth) Mill.
★ St Agnes, Gorton Road;[56][57] (Church of England). 1908, brick, some good glass.[58]
★ Bethel Christian Centre/Reddish Community Church/Bethel Apostolic Church, Sykes Street; (Apostolic Church).
★ Christ Church, Lillian Grove;[59] (Methodist/United Reformed Church).
★ St Elisabeth, Lawrence Road;[60][61] (Anglo-Catholic - Church of England); 1883 Victorian Gothic building by Alfred Waterhouse. Paid for by Houldsworth
★ Holy Family, Thornley Lane North;[62] (Roman Catholic).
★ St Joseph, Gorton Road[63] (Roman Catholic).
★ St Mary, Reddish Road;[64] (Church of England). Reddish's first church, built 1862-4[[65] at a cost of £2500 in the "decorated English style".][ The parish was carved from Heaton Norris, and is still known as Heaton Reddish.]
★ Reddish Christian Fellowship, Broadstone Road;[66]; sited in an end-of-terrace house.
★ Stockport Seventh-day Adventist Church, Coronation Street;[67] (Seventh-day Adventist Church); modern building.
References
Bibliography
★ Stockport: a History, , Peter, Arrowsmith, Stockport Metropolitan Borough Council, , ISBN 0-905164-99-7
★ The Industrial Archaeology of Stockport, , Owen, Ashmore, University of Manchester, 1975,
★ A history of the ancient chapels of Didsbury and Chorlton, , John, Booker, Chetham, 1857,
★ Images of England: Reddish, , Jill, Cronin, Tempus Publishing, 2000, ISBN 0-7524-1878-5
★ Stockport Advertiser Centenary History of Stockport, , W A, Downham, The Stockport Advertiser, ,
★ The Victoria history of the county of Lancaster. - Lancashire. Vol.4, , William, Farrer, University of London & History of Parliament Trust, 2003-2006,
★ Lancashire: Manchester and the South-East, , Clare, Hartwell, Yale University Press, 2004, ISBN 0-300-10583-5
Notes
1. Figures taken from the North Reddish and South Reddish 2001 England & Wales Census, neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk. URLs accessed March 14, 2007.
2. Record Society for the publication of Original Documents relating to Lancashire and Cheshire. Vol LIV. Lancashire Inquests, Extents, and Feudal Aids. Part II, , William, Farrer, The Record Society, 1907,
3. Agrimensorial remains around Manchester, , H T, Crofton, Transactions of the Lancashire and Cheshire Antiquarian Society, 1905
4. NS 52 A history of Newton chapelry in the ancient parish of Manchester, , H T, Crofton, Chetham Society, 1904,
5. A History of the county of Chester, Green, Judith A. and Lander, S. J., , , Oxford University Press for the Institute of Historical Research, 1979,
6. NS 81 The place-names of Lancashire, , E, Ekwall, Chethams, 1922,
7. Dictionary of English Place-Names (2nd ed), , A D, Mills, Oxford University Press, 1997, ISBN 0-19-280074-4
8. Hartwell ''et al'', p. 197.
9. Lancashire Legends, Traditions, Harland, John, , , Llanerch Press, 1993,
10. Farrer and Brownbill, pp 275-279, footnote 1. "Out of Gore-ton and Red-ditch, with the help of the intervening Nico Ditch, popular fancy has made the story of a great battle in the neighbourhood; Harland and Wilkinson, ''Traditions of Lancs''. 26"
11. Medieval Manchester; A Regional Study. The Archaeology of Greater Manchester volume 1, , , , Greater Manchester Archaeological Unit, ,
12. Hartwell ''et al'', p. 18.
13. Downham, p. 142.
14. Cited in many places, eg Downham p. 144.
15. The history of Lancashire, Volume 1, , John, Corry, Thomson Gale, 2006,
16. Booker, p. 200, repeated verbatim by Farrer & Brownbill.
17. Downham, p. 149.
18. Booker, p. 201.
19. Downham.
20. 40 years ago
21. Boddingtons' bid £1M. for R. Clarke
22. History page
23. Blue Plaque Winners
24. In the early stages of the blue plaque campaign that saw the Houldsworth WMC honoured, the council's web site mistakenly listed and described Reddish WMC. The web page was originally at www.stockport.gov.uk/content/councildemoc/council/campaigns/blueplaqueselection/reddishworkingmensclub, now removed, and stated "The club was founded by Robert Hyde Greg in 1845 as a Mechanics Institute and Library and located within the Albert Mills. It was acknowledged to be the oldest club on the Club and Institute Union Register. From 1878, it occupied part of the Albert British School until 1891, when a new building was erected on the present site."
25. Arrowsmith, p. 161.
26. A history and description of the towns and parishes of Stockport, Ashton-under-Lyne, Mottram-Long-den-Dale and Glossop, , James, Butterworth, , 1827-8,
27. Downham.
28. Arrowsmith, p. 263.
29. Arrowsmith, p. 160
30. Woodhead: Manchester London Road, Gorton, Guide Bridge, Glossop and the Longdendale Valley Pt. 1, , E M, Johnson, Foxline, 1997,
31. Booker, p. 200.
32. Cronin, p. 8.
33. Ashmore pp 28, 84. Cronin, pp. 7, 41.
34. Cronin, pp. 7, 12.
35. Ashmore, pp. 28-9
36. Cronin, pp. 40-1. Hartwell ''et al'', p. 582.
37. Hartwell ''et al'', p. 230.
38. Poverty in Plenty: A Human Development Report for the UK, , Jane, Seymore, Sterling Earthscan Publications Ltd, 2000,
39. National Statistics Online, Model-Based Estimates of Income for Wards (April 01 to March 02), retrieved 14 February 2006.
40. North West Selected Key Statistics, National Statistics, retrieved 14 February 2006.
41. Department for Education and Skills / Details for Reddish Vale Technology College
42. Reddish Vale Farm
43. Reddish Vale Technology College, Reddish, Stockport, Specialist School
44. Stockport Metropolitan Borough Council / Primary Schools
45. Department for Education and Skills / Welcome to EduBase
46.
47. £5million new Reddish school moves step closer
48. Poisoned school site is a 'minefield'
49. Stockport District Centres ANNUAL UPDATE January 2004
50. Agora Project
51. AGORA
52. District Centres
53. Reddish Corridor
54. Bus routes & timetables are at GMPTE - Public Transport for Greater Manchester, UK See: 7 (Stockport-Ashton); 178 (Reddish-Wythenshawe Hospital); 203 (Stockport - Manchester); 317 (Hazel Grove-Ashton).
55. Denton and Reddish
56. Church Details - Diocese of Manchester Web Site
57. St Agnes Church, North Reddish - An Inclusive Church
58. Hartwell ''et al'', p. 372.
59. Welcome to Christ Church
60. Church Details - Diocese of Manchester Web Site
61. St Elisabeth's
62. Parish details ( Mass times and Websites )
63. Parish details ( Mass times and Websites )
64. Church Details - Diocese of Manchester Web Site
65. The Buildings of England: South Lancashire, , Nikolaus, Pevsner, Penguin, 1969, ISBN 0-14-071036-1
66. Welcome to Reddish Christian Fellowship
67. Stockport - Adventist Organizational Directory
External links
★ Tame Valley Area Committee at Stockport MBC
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