QUEEN (CHESS)

The 'queen' (♕ ♛) or archaically known as the 'minister' is the most powerful piece in the game of chess. Each player starts the game with one queen, placed in the middle of their first rank next to their king. Beginners often accidentally interchange the placement of the queen and king, thus the mnemonic "queen gets her color" - similarly, "queen on color", which uses alliteration. (The white queen starts on a white square, and the black queen on a black square.) In algebraic notation, the white queen starts on d1, and the black queen on d8.
In the historical ancestors of chess, shatranj, the queen was a fairly weak piece called a ''fers'' or vizier, only able to move or capture one square in a diagonal direction. The modern queen's move arose in 15th century Europe.
The queen can be moved in a straight line vertically, horizontally, or diagonally, any number of unoccupied squares as shown on the diagram at the right, thus combining the moves of the rook and bishop. As with other captures except en passant, the queen captures by occupying the square on which an enemy piece sits.
Ordinarily the queen is slightly more powerful than a rook and a bishop together, while slightly less powerful than two rooks. Because the queen is more powerful than any other piece, it is almost always disadvantageous to exchange the queen for a piece other than the enemy's queen, unless doing so leads to a position where the king can be checkmated.
The queen is at her most powerful when the board is open, when the enemy king is not well-defended, or when there are ''loose'' (i.e. undefended) pieces in the enemy camp. Because of her long range and ability to move in more than one direction, the queen is well-equipped to execute forks, but these are only useful if the forked pieces are undefended, or one is undefended and the other is the enemy king.
Beginners often develop the queen as soon as possible, in the hopes of plundering the enemy position and possibly even delivering an early checkmate. While effective against other beginners, this strategy is disadvantageous against experienced players. With no other pieces developed, an attack by the queen alone can be easily repelled. Moreover, because the queen is too valuable to exchange for a lesser piece, the defender can often gain time and space by threatening an exposed queen and forcing her to retreat. Nonetheless, the Scandinavian Defence featuring two early queen moves by Black is considered sound and has been played at world championship level.
An exchange of queens often marks the beginning of the endgame, although there is such a thing as a queen endgame.
After the queens and a few other pieces have been exchanged, the kings are able to participate more actively in events, and the focus of the game shifts to a struggle to promote a pawn. Due to the multiplicity of queen moves available, and the possibility of perpetual check, queen endgames are notoriously difficult to win.

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External links

See also

★ Chess piece

★ Eight queens puzzle

External links

★ Piececlopedia: Queen by Fergus Duniho and Hans Bodlaender.