The defense of 'qualified privilege' permits persons in positions of
authority or
trust to make statements or relay or report statements that would be considered
slander and libel if made by anyone else. In
New Zealand and
Ontario, for instance, cases of
political libel are inhibited by permitting open discussion of an allegation or rumour, if conducted responsibly and with due care for the
privacy of the person whose reputation would be affected. This privilege generally doesn't extend to repetition of discredited statements,
malice, or comments made out of process or
out of order in the organization or institution in which the position of authority is held.