The term "'Quadruple Alliance'" refers to several historical
military alliances; none of which remain in effect.
1- The Quadruple Alliance of August
1673 was an alliance between the
Holy Roman Empire, the Kingdom of
Spain,
Charles IV, Duke of Lorraine, and the
United Provinces of the Netherlands, in the context of the
Franco-Dutch War. It is often incorrectly assumed the fourth partner was not the Duke of Lorraine but the Electorate of
Brandenburg, which indeed joined the alliance, but only in July 1674.
2- The Quadruple Alliance of
1718 was an alliance between
Austria,
France, the
Dutch Republic and
Great Britain - aimed at revising (principally at
Spain's expense) the
treaties which ended the
War of the Spanish Succession. See:
War of the Quadruple Alliance.
3- The Quadruple Alliance of
1745 was formed between the
United Kingdom, the
Dutch Republic,
Saxony and
Austria in the later stages of the
War of the Austrian Succession.
4- The Quadruple Alliance of March
1814 (renewed on
November 20,
1815); between the
United Kingdom,
Austria,
Prussia, and
Russia, aimed at upholding the settlement following the
Napoleonic Wars: with France's admission in
1818, it became the
Quintuple Alliance, though British government distaste for the other allies' reactionary policies meant that it lapsed into ineffectiveness after the mid-
1820s.
5- The Quadruple Alliance of
1835 was formed by the
United Kingdom,
France,
Spain, and
Portugal to support queen
Isabella II of Spain against her uncle Don Carlos, Count of Molina, who claimed the Spanish throne under the succession law of
1714-
1830, and queen
Maria II of Portugal (represented by her father
Pedro, 18th Duke of Braganza, former Emperor of Brazil and King of Portugal) against her uncle
Miguel of Portugal, who proclaimed himself absolute king before the
Portuguese Liberal War.
6- "Quadruple Alliance" was also used as an alternative term for the
Central Powers of
World War I, it consisting of
Germany,
Austria-Hungary, the
Ottoman Empire and
Bulgaria.
See also
★
Sixth Coalition
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