The map of Qasim Khanate
'Qasim Khanate' or 'Kingdom of Qasim' (
Tatar: ''Qasím xanlığı/Касыйм ханлыгы'', ''Qasím patşalığı/Касыйм патшалыгы'';
Russian: ''Касимовское ханство'', ''Касимовское царство'') was a Tatar territorial formation (
khanate), vassal of
Muscovy, which existed from
1452 till
1681 in the territory of modern
Ryazan Oblast in
Russia with its capital
Kasimov, in the middle stream of the
Oka River. It was created in the lands that
Vasili II presented to the
Kazan prince
Qasim khan, son of the first Kazan khan
Olug Moxammat.
Pre-history
The original populations were Finnic tribes
Meshchyora and
Muroma,
Mordvins. The land was under
Kievan Rus' and
Volga Bulgaria's influence. Local tribes were tributes of
Russian dukes. Later, the area was incorporated into
Vladimir-Suzdal. In
1152, duke of Vladimir
Yuri Dolgoruky founded
Gorodets-Meshchyorskiy. After the
Mongol conquest, the territory was incorporated into the territory of the
Golden Horde. Turkic settlers appeared in those areas, and most of them accepted
Islam under
Volga Bulgaria's influence. The semi-independent principality
Mishar Yurt was founded by
Hordian Mohammad Shirin
beg. From
1393, the area became a part of
Russia. After the
battle of Suzdal in
1445,
Olug Moxammad claimed to return those lands to the
Tatars.
According to some historians, such as Khudyakov, Vassily executed the claim and Moxammat's son Qasim was crowned as a ruler of Meshchyora lands. The area and capital were renamed after him. Another version is that Qasim came into Russian service and was granted those lands to create a
buffer state between
Muscovy and the
Khanate of Kazan. However, the Khanate was a vassal of
Russia. From the beginning, Khans governed the Khanate's territory, but the inner politics were controlled by Russia.
Population
The land was settled by Mishar
Tatars (the descendants of the earliest Turkic population),
Russians, and
Mordvins. The
Meshchyora and
Muroma tribes had been already assimilated. Some
Kazan Tatars resettled to Qasim lands, and were called ''Qasim Tatars''. The most of Qasim Tatars served at the khan's palace or served in the khan's military. This group had been assimilated into the Mishar Tatars, but nearby 1,000 Qasim Tatars are still living in the city of
Kasimov.
The noble families were the Manghyt (Manğıt), Arghyn (Arğın), Jalair (Cälair), Qipchaq (Qıpçaq). Moscow's administrators elected the khans from ruling families of the Tatar khanates:
Khanate of Kazan, the
Crimean Khanate, and the
Siberia Khanate.
History
Qasim khans with their guard participated in all of
Muscovy's raids into
Kazan (
1467-
1469,
1487,
1552). Qasim khan
Şahğäli (
1515-
1567) was 3 times crowned as
Kazan khan with the aid of
Muscovy. After the
conquest of Kazan, the self-government of the khans was abolished and the khanate came to be governed by Russian
voyevodas. However, khans still reigned. One of the khans,
Simeon Bekbulatovich, was baptised and proclaimed Grand Duke of
Muscovy in
1574. At the reign of
Sayed Borhan khan (
1627-
1679) Muscovy started a policy of
Christianization.
Begs, who had a status equal to
Boyars, were switched to
Serving Tatars, equal to
Dvoryans. This policy provoked a Tatar revolt in
1656. After the death of khanbika (queen)
Fatima Soltan in
1681, the Khanate was abolished.
Source
★
★
Qasim Khanate on ÖzTürkler
External links
★
List of Qasim rulers
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