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The 'Pyramid Texts' are a collection of Ancient Egyptian religious texts from the time of the Old Kingdom, mostly inscriptions found in pyramids. They depict the Egyptian view of the afterlife, and the ascent into the sky of the divine Pharaoh after death. They are the oldest collection of religious spells known to us from Ancient Egypt, dating back to the 5th and 6th Dynasty, approximately 2350 B.C, although these dates are disputed. They are written in Old Egyptian, and later evolved into the Coffin Texts and the Book of the Dead. The texts were non-illustrated funerary inscriptions written on the walls and sarcophagus of the early Ancient Egyptian pyramids at Saqqara.
Example:
The oldest of these texts come from the Pyramid of Unas, the last king of the 5th Dynasty. Other texts were discovered in the pyramids of the 6th Dynasty kings Pepi I, Pepi II, and Teti. There are between 714 and 759 spells, depending on how duplicate spells are counted. The main theme in the Pyramid Texts is the king's resurrection and ascension to the Afterworld. The texts were first discovered by Gaston Maspero, and translations were made by Kurth Sethe (in German), Louis Speelers (in French), Raymond O. Faulkner, and Samuel Alfred Browne Mercer.
Another famous example of an utterance from the Pyramid Texts is the Cannibal Hymn, in which the deceased Pharaoh hunts and devours the gods.
In the first scene of Philip Glass's opera ''Akhnaten'', the phrase "Open are the double doors of the horizon" is a quotation from the Pyramid Texts. More specifically, it seems to come from Utterance 220.
★ Coffin Texts
★ The Book of the Dead
★ Opening of the mouth ceremony
★ Raymond O. Faulkner, "The Ancient Egyptian Pyramid Texts", ISBN 0-85668-297-7, 1969. Oxford University hardcover reprint ISBN 0-19-815437-2.
★ James P. Allen, "The Ancient Egyptian Pyramid Texts", ISBN-10: 90-04-13777-7, 2005. Society of Biblical Literature
★ Samuel A. B. Mercer translation of the Pyramid Texts
★ Egyptian Pyramid Texts from Aldokkan
★ The Complete Pyramid Texts of King Unas, Unis or Wenis
Example:
The oldest of these texts come from the Pyramid of Unas, the last king of the 5th Dynasty. Other texts were discovered in the pyramids of the 6th Dynasty kings Pepi I, Pepi II, and Teti. There are between 714 and 759 spells, depending on how duplicate spells are counted. The main theme in the Pyramid Texts is the king's resurrection and ascension to the Afterworld. The texts were first discovered by Gaston Maspero, and translations were made by Kurth Sethe (in German), Louis Speelers (in French), Raymond O. Faulkner, and Samuel Alfred Browne Mercer.
Pyramid texts from Teti I's pyramid.
Another famous example of an utterance from the Pyramid Texts is the Cannibal Hymn, in which the deceased Pharaoh hunts and devours the gods.
In the first scene of Philip Glass's opera ''Akhnaten'', the phrase "Open are the double doors of the horizon" is a quotation from the Pyramid Texts. More specifically, it seems to come from Utterance 220.
| Contents |
| See also |
| Reference |
| External links |
See also
★ Coffin Texts
★ The Book of the Dead
★ Opening of the mouth ceremony
Reference
★ Raymond O. Faulkner, "The Ancient Egyptian Pyramid Texts", ISBN 0-85668-297-7, 1969. Oxford University hardcover reprint ISBN 0-19-815437-2.
★ James P. Allen, "The Ancient Egyptian Pyramid Texts", ISBN-10: 90-04-13777-7, 2005. Society of Biblical Literature
External links
★ Samuel A. B. Mercer translation of the Pyramid Texts
★ Egyptian Pyramid Texts from Aldokkan
★ The Complete Pyramid Texts of King Unas, Unis or Wenis
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