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(Redirected from Psammetichus III)
'Ankhkaenre Psammetichus III' ('Psamtik' or 'Psametik' or 'Psemmtek' 'III') was the last Pharaoh of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt from 526 BC – 525 BC. Most of what we know about his reign and life was documented by the Greek historian Herodotus in the 5th century. He ruled no longer than six months before he was defeated by King Cambyses II of Persia at Pelusium, carried to Susa in chains, and executed.
Psametik III was the son of the pharaoh Amasis II and one of his wifes, Queen Takheta, though his name is a link to his stepmother and the previous elements of the Dynasty which his father had dethroned. He succeeded his father as pharaoh in 526 BC, when Amasis died after a long and prosperous reign of some 44 years. According to Herodotus he had a son named Amasis and a wife and daughter, both unnamed in his documents.
Psametik ruled no more than six months. The young and inexperienced pharaoh probably did all he could to defend his country from invasion, but Egypt was no match for the Persians. After the enemy, led by Cambyses, had crossed Sinai and the desert with the aid of the Arabs, a bloody battle was fought near Pelusium, a city on Egypt's eastern frontier, in 525 BC. Being defeated at the battle of Pelusium, after he was betrayed by one of his allies, Phanes of Halicarnas, Psametik fled to Memphis. The Persians captured the city after long siege, and caught Psametik shortly after its fall. Upon the fall of the city, Cambyses ordered the public execution of two thousand of the principal citizens, including (it is said) a son of the fallen king.
In book III of ''The History'' by Herodotus, Psametik's daughter had been enslaved, his son given a death sentence, and a companion was turned into a beggar. They were all brought before him to test his reaction, and he only became upset over seeing the state of the beggar. Psametik was spared, however his son was cut to pieces. The deposed pharaoh was imprisoned and taken to Susa in chains where he was at first treated relatively well. After a while Psametik began plotting a rebellion against Cambyses, and so he was forced to drink bull's blood, causing his death.
★ Psametik III, on a relief in a chapel in the temple of Karnak
★ Cartouche of Psammetik Click on picture.
★ '', 1991, Christian Settipani, p. 161
'Ankhkaenre Psammetichus III' ('Psamtik' or 'Psametik' or 'Psemmtek' 'III') was the last Pharaoh of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt from 526 BC – 525 BC. Most of what we know about his reign and life was documented by the Greek historian Herodotus in the 5th century. He ruled no longer than six months before he was defeated by King Cambyses II of Persia at Pelusium, carried to Susa in chains, and executed.
| Contents |
| Family |
| Defeat and imprisonment |
| Captivity and execution |
| External links |
Family
Psametik III was the son of the pharaoh Amasis II and one of his wifes, Queen Takheta, though his name is a link to his stepmother and the previous elements of the Dynasty which his father had dethroned. He succeeded his father as pharaoh in 526 BC, when Amasis died after a long and prosperous reign of some 44 years. According to Herodotus he had a son named Amasis and a wife and daughter, both unnamed in his documents.
Defeat and imprisonment
Psametik ruled no more than six months. The young and inexperienced pharaoh probably did all he could to defend his country from invasion, but Egypt was no match for the Persians. After the enemy, led by Cambyses, had crossed Sinai and the desert with the aid of the Arabs, a bloody battle was fought near Pelusium, a city on Egypt's eastern frontier, in 525 BC. Being defeated at the battle of Pelusium, after he was betrayed by one of his allies, Phanes of Halicarnas, Psametik fled to Memphis. The Persians captured the city after long siege, and caught Psametik shortly after its fall. Upon the fall of the city, Cambyses ordered the public execution of two thousand of the principal citizens, including (it is said) a son of the fallen king.
Captivity and execution
In book III of ''The History'' by Herodotus, Psametik's daughter had been enslaved, his son given a death sentence, and a companion was turned into a beggar. They were all brought before him to test his reaction, and he only became upset over seeing the state of the beggar. Psametik was spared, however his son was cut to pieces. The deposed pharaoh was imprisoned and taken to Susa in chains where he was at first treated relatively well. After a while Psametik began plotting a rebellion against Cambyses, and so he was forced to drink bull's blood, causing his death.
External links
★ Psametik III, on a relief in a chapel in the temple of Karnak
★ Cartouche of Psammetik Click on picture.
★ '', 1991, Christian Settipani, p. 161
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