(Redirected from Prince Philip)
'The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh' (born 'Prince Philippos of Greece and Denmark',
10 June 1921)
[2] is the husband and
consort of
Queen Elizabeth II.
Originally a
Prince of
Greece and
Denmark, Prince Philip abandoned these titles shortly before his marriage. At the time of his engagement he was known as Lieutenant Philip Mountbatten. In 1947, he married Princess Elizabeth, the heiress to
King George VI. Prince Philip was a member of the German
House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, which includes the royal houses of Denmark, Norway and Greece.
The day before his marriage, George VI granted him the
style of ''
His Royal Highness'' and, on the morning of the marriage, created him
Duke of Edinburgh,
Earl of Merioneth and
Baron Greenwich. In 1957, Philip was created a
Prince of the United Kingdom. When he became a
British subject Prince Philip took the surname
Mountbatten, which is an
anglicised version of his mother's German family name,
Battenberg.
In addition to his royal duties, the Duke of Edinburgh is also the patron of many organisations, including
The Duke of Edinburgh's Award and the
World Wide Fund for Nature, and he is
Chancellor of both the
University of Cambridge and the
University of Edinburgh. In particular, he has devoted himself to raising public awareness of the relationship of humanity with the environment since visiting the Southern
Antarctic Islands in 1956, and has published and spoken widely for half a century on this subject. See from these speeches.
The prince continues to fulfill his public duties as a member of the
British Royal Family, and is an established public figure in the
United Kingdom and in the
Commonwealth Realms. He has gained something of a reputation for making controversial remarks, particularly when meeting the British public or on state visits to other countries (see below).
Early life
Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark was born on
10 June 1921 at Villa Mon Repos on
Corfu, a Greek island in the
Ionian Sea. His father was
Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark, the fourth son of
King George I and
Queen Olga of
Greece. His mother was the former
Princess Alice of Battenberg, the elder daughter of the
1st Marquess of Milford Haven (formerly Prince Louis of Battenberg) and his wife, the former
Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine. Lady Milford Haven, through her mother, the Grand Duchess of Hesse and by Rhine (formerly
Princess Alice of the United Kingdom), was a granddaughter of
Queen Victoria. Philip's mother Princess Alice was also a sister of
Queen Louise of Sweden;
George Mountbatten, 2nd Marquess of Milford Haven; and
Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma.
The Prince was baptised a few days after his birth at St. George's Church in the Palaio Frourio ("Old Fortress") in Haddokkos, Corfu. His godparents were Queen Olga and the Corfu community (represented by Alexander S. Kokotos, Mayor of Corfu, and Stylianos I. Maniarizis, Chairman of Corfu City Council). In later life he has had a rediscovered interest in his original
Greek Orthodox faith.
Prince Andrew and Princess Alice remained in residence on the Island of Corfu for 18 months. Greece was politically unstable, and it was expected that the monarchy would soon be overthrown. On
22 September 1922,
Constantine I was forced to
abdicate the
throne. A revolutionary court sentenced Prince Andrew, his younger brother, to banishment for life.
[3] Fortunately for the family,
George V ordered that the
Royal Navy vessel,
HMS ''Calypso'', evacuate the family, and Philip was carried to safety in a cot made from an orange box.
Philip has survived his four elder sisters, all of whom married German princes:
★
Princess Margarita of Greece and Denmark (1905-1981) married Gottfried, 8th Prince of
Hohenlohe-Langenburg and had issue;
★
Princess Theodora of Greece and Denmark (1906-1969) married
Berthold, Margrave of Baden and had issue;
★
Princess Cecilie of Greece and Denmark (1911-1937) married
Georg Donatus, Hereditary Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine, had issue;
★
Princess Sophie of Greece and Denmark (1914-2001) married first
Prince Christoph of Hesse-Cassel, had issue, and, after Prince Christoph's accidental death in 1943,
Prince George William of Hanover, had issue.
Philip's first real family tragedy occurred in 1937, when his sister Cecilie, her husband, mother-in-law and two young sons were killed in the
Sabena OO-AUB Ostend crash. Philip, who was only sixteen at the time, attended the funeral in
Darmstadt.
Education
Prince Andrew and Princess Alice, along with their children, fled to
Paris where they took up residence at
Saint-Cloud, in a villa belonging to Prince Andrew's sister-in-law
Princess Marie Bonaparte. After being exiled, the marriage of Prince Philip's parents began to crumble. His father retired to the South of France. His mother was diagnosed as
schizophrenic after claiming that she was receiving divine messages.
[4] She recovered and turned to
religion. Afterwards, Prince Philip was to see little of them.
Prince Philip's education began at
The American School of Paris in Saint-Cloud. However, his grandmother, Lady Milford Haven, advised her daughter to have him educated in
England. He subsequently departed for the
Surrey preparatory school Cheam.
Aged 12, Prince Philip departed England for
Germany, studying at
Schule Schloss Salem, a school in Southern Germany that belonged to
Prince Maximilian of Baden, the father of his brother-in-law. Prince Philip left Germany in 1936, and went to
Gordonstoun where he flourished academically and socially. He was the head of the
hockey and
cricket teams, and eventually became
Head Boy. Prince Philip was so fond of the school that he later sent his sons,
Charles,
Andrew and
Edward, there, though they experienced the school with mixed results. The school's royal association continued with
Princess Anne, who sent both her children to Gordonstoun - though neither she nor her husband attended it.
Marriage
On
20 November 1947, Prince Philip married the
heiress presumptive to the British throne,
The Princess Elizabeth, eldest daughter of
George VI and
Queen Elizabeth, his third cousin through Queen Victoria and
second cousin, once removed through
Christian IX of Denmark. The couple married at
Westminster Abbey in
London with the ceremony recorded and broadcast by the
BBC.
The Duke and Duchess of Edinburgh on their wedding day.
Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip, May 2007
Before they could marry, Prince Philip was required to convert from
Greek Orthodoxy to
Anglicanism, to renounce his allegiance to the
Hellenic Crown, and to become a naturalised British subject.
[5] He renounced his Greek and Danish royal titles on
18 March 1947 and decided to take the name 'Mountbatten', an Anglicised version of Battenberg, his mother's family name. The day before his wedding, King George VI titled his future son-in-law 'Duke of Edinburgh', 'Earl of Merioneth', and 'Baron Greenwich, of Greenwich in the County of London'.
The King also issued
Letters patent creating the Duke of Edinburgh ''His Royal Highness''. After their marriage, his wife became ''Her Royal Highness The Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh''. On the popular but erroneous assumption that if Philip had the style of 'Royal Highness' he was automatically a prince, media reports often mentioned "Prince Philip", with or without reference to his ducal title. Although the princely prefix was omitted in the
Regency Act of 1953 and in Letters Patent of November 1953 appointing
Counsellors of State, it had been included in the Letters Patent of
22 October 1948 conferring princely rank on children of his marriage to Princess Elizabeth. George VI, however, appears to have been clear and intentional in having withheld the princely title from his future son-in-law.
[6] From 1947 to 1957, Philip's correct style was ''His Royal Highness Philip, Duke of Edinburgh''.
In post-war Britain it was not acceptable to invite any of the Duke of Edinburgh's German relations to his wedding. The sole exception was his mother, who was born at
Windsor of parents who had both renounced their German titles. Excluded from the invitation list were his three surviving sisters, each of whom had married German aristocrats, some with
Nazi connections. (His sister Princess Sophie's first husband, Prince Christophe of Hesse had been a member of the
Schutzstaffel (SS) and an aide to
Heinrich Himmler.) Also, the bride's aunt
Mary, Princess Royal allegedly refused to attend because her brother, the
Duke of Windsor (who abdicated in 1936), was not invited due to his unusual marital situation. She gave ill health as the official reason for not attending.
[7]
Duke of Edinburgh
The Duke of Edinburgh accompanies the newly crowned Queen Elizabeth II back from Westminster Abbey on her coronation day
After their marriage, the Duke and Duchess of Edinburgh took up residence at
Clarence House in
London. The Duke was keen to pursue his naval career. However the knowledge that it would be eclipsed by his wife's future role as Queen was always in his mind. Nevertheless, he returned to the Navy after his honeymoon, and was stationed in
Malta. He rose through the naval ranks and commanded his own frigate,
HMS ''Magpie''.
In January 1952, the Duke and Princess Elizabeth set off for a tour of the
Commonwealth, with planned visits to
Africa,
Australia and
New Zealand. On
6 February, when they were in
Kenya, the Princess' father,
King George VI, died, and she ascended the Throne as Queen Elizabeth II. The Duke broke the news to the new Queen at their hotel (
Tree Tops). As a result of the King's passing, the visits to Australia and New Zealand were postponed until 1954. The Duke was resigned to the fact that his naval career was now over, and he had a new role as the consort of the British monarch.
Consort
The accession of Elizabeth II to the throne brought up the question of the name of the
Royal House. The Duke's uncle,
Earl Mountbatten of Burma, had advocated the new name 'House of Mountbatten', as Elizabeth would typically have taken Philip's name on marriage. When
Queen Mary, Elizabeth's grandmother, heard about this, she informed
Sir Winston Churchill who later advised the Queen to issue a proclamation declaring that the Royal House was to remain the
House of Windsor. Philip bitterly remarked that he had been "turned into an amoeba".
In 1952, the Duke was given the rank and titles
Admiral of the Fleet,
Field Marshal, and
Marshal of the Royal Air Force. He was also made the Captain-General of the
Royal Marines. As was the established tradition with all previous monarchs, the Queen as Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Forces outranks, by virtue of being Sovereign, all military personnel.
The Duke of Edinburgh has supported the Queen in her role for close to 60 years. The Queen and Duke attend state visits abroad, and receive foreign dignitaries together. The Duke often carries out his own separate engagements on behalf of the Queen at home and abroad.
The Duke is also patron of many organisations. He established
The Duke of Edinburgh's Award in 1956 to give young people "a sense of responsibility to themselves and their communities". The scheme now operates in 100 countries around the world. He has also been President of the
World Wide Fund for Nature.
In 1956-1957, the Duke took a round-the-world voyage on board
HMY ''Britannia'', visiting remote islands of the
Commonwealth. This was when he first became aware of the effects of human
industrialisation on the natural environment.
On the
Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II in 2002, the Duke was commended by the
Speaker of the House of Commons for his role in supporting the Queen during her reign.
One of the most controversial aspects of the Duke was his relationship with his daughters-in-law,
Diana, Princess of Wales and
Sarah, Duchess of York. He was alleged to have been hostile to Diana after her divorce from the Prince of Wales.
Mohamed Al-Fayed, the father of Diana's companion
Dodi Al-Fayed and owner of
Harrods, even suggested in court that the Duke was responsible for ordering Diana's death, remarks that led the Duke and the other members of the Royal Family to rescind their
Royal Warrants from Harrods. The Duke remains close to his grandchildren Princes
William and
Harry, Princesses
Beatrice and
Eugenie and
Lady Louise Windsor.
Royal status
In May 1954, the Prime Minister, Sir Winston Churchill, received a written suggestion from the Queen that her husband be granted the title "Prince of the Commonwealth", or some other suitable augmentation of his style. Churchill preferred the title "Prince Consort" and the
Foreign Secretary Sir
Anthony Eden preferred "Prince of the Realm". While the Commonwealth
prime ministers were assembled in London, against his better judgement but at the Queen's behest, Churchill informally solicited their opinions.
Canada's Prime Minister,
Louis St. Laurent, was the only one to express "misgivings". Meanwhile, the Duke insisted to the Queen that he objected to any enhancement of his title, and she instructed Churchill to drop the matter.
[8] In February 1955,
South Africa belatedly made known that it, too, would object to the "Prince of the Commonwealth" title. When told, the Queen continued to express the wish that her husband's position be raised, but rejected the
Cabinet's recommendations to confer upon him either the title "Prince Consort" or "Prince Royal". By March 1955 the Cabinet was recommending that Philip's new title be simply "His Royal Highness the Prince". But the Queen was advised that, if she still preferred "Prince of the Commonwealth", her personal secretary could write to the Commonwealth's
Governors-General directly for their response, but warned her that, if their consent was not unanimous, the proposal could not go forward. The matter appears to have been left there until the publication on
8 February 1957 of an article by P. Wykeham-Bourne in the
Evening Standard titled "Well, is it correct to say Prince Philip?" A few days later Prime Minister
Harold Macmillan and his Cabinet reversed the advice of the previous ministers, formally recommending that the Queen reject "The Prince" in favour of "Prince of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and Her other Realms and Territories", only to change this advice, after she consented, to delete even the vague reference to the Commonwealth countries. Letters Patent were issued, and according to the announcement in the
London Gazette, the Queen's husband officially became ''His Royal Highness The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh''. She inserted the capitalised definite article, a usage normally restricted to the children of monarchs.
An
Order-in-Council was issued in 1960, which stated the surname of male-line descendants of the Duke and the Queen who are not Royal Highness or Prince or Princess was to be ''
Mountbatten-Windsor''. This was to address the Duke's complaint that he was the only father in the country unable to pass his name to his children. In practice, however, the Duke's children have all used Mountbatten-Windsor as the surname they prefer for themselves and their male-line children.
After her accession to the throne, the Queen also announced that the Duke was to have ''place, pre-eminence and precedence'' next to the Queen ''on all occasions and in all meetings, except where otherwise provided by
Act of Parliament''. This means the Duke is the first gentleman of the land, and takes precedence over his son, the
Prince of Wales except, officially, in
Parliament. In fact, however, he only attends Parliament when escorting the Queen for the annual
Speech from the Throne, where he walks and is seated beside her.
The Queen has never granted the Duke the title of
Prince Consort. This title was granted to
Albert, Prince Consort by his wife,
Queen Victoria, and has not been used since by a British consort. There was some media speculation in early 2007 that such a title might be conferred to mark the royal couple's 60th wedding anniversary in November 2007, however this has not been confirmed by any official sources. Currently, he is the second husband of the Sovereign to bear a
British peerage title since
Prince George of Denmark, who was created
Duke of Cumberland on his marriage to the future
Queen Anne in
1683.
As of July 2007, the Duke is the oldest surviving great-great-grandchild of Queen Victoria and is c. 475th in the
line of succession to the British Throne in his own right (through his great-grandmother
Princess Alice).
Status as a "god"
Main articles: Prince Philip Movement
It has been reported by the BBC that inhabitants of some small villages in
Vanuatu, an island nation located in the South Pacific Ocean, worship Prince Philip as a god. Islanders have been interviewed and pictured with portraits, sent with Prince Philip's permission.
[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/6734469.stm]
Titles, styles, honours and arms
Main articles: List of titles and honours of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
Titles
★ '
10 June 1921–
18 March 1947': ''His Royal Highness'' Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark
★ '
18 March–
19 November 1947': ''Lieutenant'' Philip Mountbatten, RN
★ '
19 November–
19 November 1947': ''Lieutenant Sir'' Philip Mountbatten, RN
★ '
19 November–
20 November 1947': ''His Royal Highness'' Philip Mountbatten
★ '
20 November 1947–': ''His Royal Highness'' The Duke of Edinburgh
★
★ '
20 November 1947–
21 February 1957': ''His Royal Highness'' Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
★
★ '
22 February 1957–': ''His Royal Highness'' The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
Styles Since Birth
★ '
10 June 1921–
18 March 1947': ''His Royal Highness'' Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark
★ '
18 March–
19 November 1947': ''Lieutenant'' Philip Mountbatten, RN
★ '
19 November–
19 November 1947': ''Lieutenant Sir'' Philip Mountbatten, KG, RN
★ '
19 November–
20 November 1947': ''Lieutenant His Royal Highness'' Philip Mountbatten, KG, RN
★ '
20 November 1947–': ''His Royal Highness'' The Duke of Edinburgh
★ '
20 November 1947–
03 November 1951': ''His Royal Highness'' Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, KG
★ '
04 November 1951–
20 April 1952': ''His Royal Highness'' Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, KG, PC
★ '
21 April 1952–
21 May 1953': ''His Royal Highness'' Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, KG, KT, PC
★ '
22 May 1953–
21 February 1957': ''His Royal Highness'' Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, KG, KT, GBE, PC
★ '
22 February 1957–
09 June 1968': ''His Royal Highness'' The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, KG, KT, GBE, PC
★ '
10 June 1968–
14 November 1981': ''His Royal Highness'' The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, KG, KT, OM, GBE, PC
★ '
15 November 1981–
12 June 1988': ''His Royal Highness'' The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, KG, KT, OM, GBE, QSO, PC
★ '
13 June 1988–': ''His Royal Highness'' The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, KG, KT, OM, GBE, AC, QSO, PC
Arms
The Duke has his own personal
coat of arms, created on
19 November 1947. Unlike the arms used by other members of the Royal Family, the Duke's arms do not feature the
Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom, as men are not entitled to bear the arms of their wives. However they do feature elements representing Greece and Denmark, from which he is descended in the male line; the Mountbatten family arms, from which he is descended in the female line; and the City of
Edinburgh, representing his
dukedom.
The
shield is
quartered. The first quarter depicting the
arms of Denmark consists of three blue
lions
passant and nine red hearts on a yellow field. The second quadrant depicts the
arms of Greece, a white cross on a blue field. The third quarter depicts the arms of the Mountbatten family, five black and white vertical stripes. The fourth quarter depicts the arms of the City of Edinburgh, a black and red castle.
The dexter
supporter is a savage from the Danish Royal Coat of Arms; the sinister a golden lion (a traditional English symbol) wearing a ducal cornet and gorged (collared) with a naval crown, alluding to the Duke's naval career.
The coat features both the
motto ''God is my help'' and the motto of the
Order of the Garter, ''Honi soit qui mal y pense'' (Shamed be he who thinks ill of it) on a representation of the Garter behind the shield.
Ancestors
Issue
Controversial remarks
The Duke is well-known in Britain for cracking jokes during public visits that can come across as blunt, insensitive, and racist.
[9]
★ Speaking to a driving instructor in
Scotland, he asked: "How do you keep the natives off the booze long enough to get them through the test?"
[10]
★ When visiting
China in 1986, he told a group of British students, "If you stay here much longer, you'll all be slitty-eyed".
★ After accepting a gift from a
Kenyan citizen he replied, "You are a woman, aren't you?"
★ "If it has four legs and is not a chair, has wings and is not an aeroplane, or swims and is not a submarine, the
Cantonese will eat it." (1986)
★ In 1966 he remarked that "British women can't cook."
★ To a British student in
Papua New Guinea: "You managed not to get eaten then?"
★ Angering local residents in
Lockerbie when on a visit to the town in 1993, the Prince said to a man who lived in a road where eleven people had been killed by wreckage from the
Pan Am jumbo jet: "People usually say that after a fire it is water damage that is the worst. We are still trying to dry out
Windsor Castle."
[11]
★ On a visit to the new
National Assembly for Wales in
Cardiff, he told a group of deaf children standing next to a
Jamaican steel drum band, "Deaf? If you are near there, no wonder you are deaf."
[12]★ In 2002, he asked an
Indigenous Australian businessman, "Do you still throw spears at each other?"
[13]★ Said to a Briton in
Budapest,
Hungary, "You can't have been here that long – you haven't got a pot belly." (1993)
★ Seeing a shoddily installed fuse box in a high-tech Edinburgh factory, HRH remarked that it looked "like it was put in by an
Indian".
[14]
★ During a Royal visit to China in 1986 he described
Beijing as "ghastly".
[11]
★ "Aren't most of you descended from pirates?" (in 1994, to an islander in the
Cayman Islands)
★ At the height of the recession in 1981 he said: "Everybody was saying we must have more leisure. Now they are complaining they are unemployed."
★ Upon presenting a Duke of Edinburgh Award to a student, when informed that the young man was going to help out in
Romania for six months, he asked if the student was going to help the Romanian orphans; upon being informed he was not, it was claimed the 85-year-old duke added: "Ah good, there's so many over there you feel they breed them just to put in orphanages."
[16]
★ At the
University of Salford, he told a 13-year-old aspiring astronaut: "You could do with losing a bit of weight."
[17]
★ In 1997, the Duke of Edinburgh, participating in an already controversial British visit to the
Jallianwala Bagh massacre (Amritsar Massacre) Monument, provoked outrage in India and in the UK with an offhand comment. Having observed a plaque claiming 2,000 casualties, Prince Philip observed, "That's not right. The number is less."
[18] The Duke of Edinburgh may have been correct as several sources suggest considerably fewer than the 2000 casualties claimed.
[ Amritsar Massacre ][ Amritsar Massacre - MSN Encarta ]
★ During a Royal visit to a Tamil Hindu temple in
London , he asked a
Hindu priest if he was related to the terrorist
Tamil Tigers.
★ He once attributed a badly finished carpentry job to one having been done by an Indian.
[19]
★ In 1996, he drew sharp criticism when he said "a gun is no more dangerous than a cricket bat in the hands of a madman". The comment came in the wake of the
massacre of 16 children and their teacher in
Dunblane, Scotland.
[12]★ In 1987, he wrote in his book ''If I Were an Animal'' that "In the event that I am reincarnated, I would like to return as a deadly virus, in order to contribute something to solve overpopulation."
[21]
Portrayal in fiction
★ Actor
James Cromwell portrays Prince Philip in the 2006
Oscar-winning film, ''
The Queen''.
★ A fictionalised Philip (in his capacity as a World War II naval officer) is a minor character in
John Birmingham's Axis of Time series of alternate history novels.
See also
★
Prince George of Denmark
Bibliography
★ ''The Concise British Flora in Colour'' by
William Keble Martin,
Ebury Press/
Michael Joseph (1965)
★ ''British Flags and Emblems'' by
Graham Bartram,
Tuckwell Press (2004)
Notes and references
1. As a titled royal, Philip holds no surname, but, when one ''is'' used, it is the surname he assumed when he became a British citizen, 'Mountbatten'
2. He was born 10 June 1921 according to the Gregorian Calendar. However, at that time, Greece was still using the Julian Calendar; it did not convert to the Gregorian until 1 March 1923. His birth certificate shows the Julian date of 28 May 1921. (Charles Higham and Roy Moseley (1991), ''Elizabeth and Philip: The Untold Story'', p.73.)
3. ''The Times (London)'', Tuesday 5 December 1922, p.12
4. Alice, Princess Andrew of Greece, , Hugo, Vickers, Hamish Hamilton, 2000,
5. As a descendant of the Electress Sophia of Hanover through his mother, Princess Alice of Battenberg, Philip could already claim to be a naturalised British subject under the terms of the Sophia Naturalization Act 1705. His naturalisation was at Lord Mountbatten's behest and merely undertaken out of an abundance of caution in the somewhat xenophobic atmosphere of the immediate postwar years.
6. {{cite web| last = Velde| first = François| title = Title of Prince: HRH Philip Duke of Edinburgh| work = Royal styles and titles: Files from the UK National Archives| url = http://www.heraldica.org/topics/britain/LCO_6_3677.htm| accessdate = 2006-09-05| quote = Home Office, Whitehall. S.W.1. 28 February, 1955. "My dear George {Coldstream, Clerk of the Crown in Chancery}, We were speaking the other day about the designation of the Duke of Edinburgh. In 1948 the General Register Office consulted us about the way in which the birth of Prince Charles was to be registered. They sent over a suggested entry, in column 4 of which (name and surname of father) they had inserted: 'His Royal Highness Prince Philip'. I consulted {Sir Alan} Lascelles {principal private secretary to the King} on this and he laid my letter before The King, together with the draft entry, I have in my possession the entry, as amended by The King in his own hand. The King amended column 4, name and surname of father, to read: 'His Royal Highness Philip, Duke of Edinburgh'. Austin Strutt {assistant under-secretary of State} }}
7. King George VI, , Sarah, Bradford, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1989,
8. Title of Prince: HRH Philip Duke of Edinburgh
9. Caught on tape: Infamous gaffes
10. Long line of princely gaffes
11. Prince Philip's gaffes
12. Deaf insulted by duke's remark
13. Prince Philip's spear 'gaffe'
14. Royal apology for race remark
15. Prince Philip's gaffes
16. Duke under fire for Romanian orphans 'joke'
17. Prince tells boy: You're too fat for spaceship
18. Deaf Insulted by Duke's Remark
19. http://www.rediff.com/us/2002/nov/13uk.htm
20. Deaf insulted by duke's remark
21. If I Were an Animal, , Fleur, Cowles, William Morrow, 1987,
External links
★
Royal.gov.uk- HRH Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
★
Duke of Edinburgh Award
★
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