| Tenure | Incumbent | Portrait | Notes |
|---|
| 1680 | ''Foundation of the Burundi Kingdom'' |
| 'Mwami' (Kings) | ||
| ''Baganwa Dynasty'' | |||
| ''c.''1680 to ''c.''1709 | 'Ntare III Rushatsi', Mwami | | |
| ''c.''1709 to ''c.''1739 | 'Mwezi III Ndagushimiye', Mwami | | |
| ''c.''1739 to ''c.''1767 | 'Mutaga III Senyamwiza Mutamo', Mwami | | |
| ''c.''1767 to ''c.''1796 | 'Mwambutsa III Syarushambo Butama', Mwami (Mwambutsa III Mbariza) | | |
| ''c.''1796 to ''c.''1850 | 'Ntare IV Rutaganzwa Rugamba', Mwami | | |
| ''c.''1850 to ''1884'' | 'Mwezi IV Gisabo', Mwami | | |
'German Suzerainty' 'Protectorate of Burundi' |
| ''1884'' to ''1 July 1890'' |
| ''Incorporated into German East Africa'' |
| ''1 July 1890'' to 21 August 1908 |
| 1908 to 30 November 1915 | 'Mutaga IV Mbikije', Mwami | |
| 16 December 1915 to ''June 1916'' | 'Mwambutsa IV Bangiriceng', Mwami | | Deposed |
| 'Belgian Suzerainty' |
| June 1916 to ''20 July 1922'' |
'Ruanda-Urundi League of Nations mandated territory' |
| ''20 July 1922'' to ''13 December 1946'' | 'Mwambutsa IV Bangiriceng', King |
'United Nations Trust Territory' ''under Belgium'' |
| 13 December 1946 to ''January 1961'' |
'The Kingdom of Burundi' ''Autonomous'' |
| ''January 1961'' to ''1 July 1962'' |
'The Kingdom of Burundi' ''Independence from Belgium'' |
| ''1 July 1962'' to 8 July 1966 |
| 8 July/1 September 1966 to 28 November 1966 | 'Ntare V Ndizeye', King | | Deposed |
| Tenure | Incumbent | Portrait | Affiliation | Notes |
|---|
| 'The Republic of Burundi' ''('Republika y’Burundi')'' ''('Républigue du Burundi')'' |
| 28 November 1966 to 1 November 1976 | 'Michel Micombero', President | | Mil/UPRONA | Tutsi |
| 2 November 1976 to ''10 November 1976'' | 'Jean-Baptiste Bagaza', Chairman of the Supreme Revolutionary Council | | Mil/UPRONA | Tutsi |
| ''10 November 1976'' to 3 September 1987 | 'Jean-Baptiste Bagaza', President | Tutsi |
| 3 September 1987 to 10 July 1993 | '''Military Junta''':- |
| 3 September 1987 to ''9 September 1987'' | 'Pierre Buyoya', Chairman of the Military Committee of National Salvation | | Mil/UPRONA | Tutsi; 1st Term |
| ''9 September 1987'' to 10 July 1993 | 'Pierre Buyoya', President |
| 10 July 1993 to 21 October 1993 | 'Melchior Ndadaye', President | | FRODEBU | Hutu |
| 21 October 1993 to 27 October 1993 | 'François Ngeze', Chairman of the Committee of Public Salvation | | Mil | Hutu; in rebellion |
| 27 October 1993 to 5 February 1994 | 'Sylvie Kinigi', acting President | | UPRONA | ♀; Tutsi |
| 5 February 1994 to 6 April 1994 | 'Cyprien Ntaryamira', President | | FRODEBU | Hutu |
| 6 April 1994 to 25 July 1996 | 'Sylvestre Ntibantunganya', President | | FRODEBU | Hutu |
| 25 July 1996 to 30 April 2003 | 'Pierre Buyoya', President | | UPRONA | Tutsi |
| 30 April 2003 to 26 August 2005 | 'Domitien Ndayizeye', President | | FRODEBU | Hutu |
| 26 August 2005 to present | 'Pierre Nkurunziza', President | | CNDD-FDD | Hutu |