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EspañolLIST OF POPES
(Redirected from Popes)
:''For a graphical representation of this list, see list of popes (graphical).''
This article comprises 'lists of Popes of the Catholic Church'.
While the term "Pope" (Latin: ''papa'' "father'") is used in several Churches to denote their high spiritual leaders (e.g.: Coptic Pope), this title in English usage can by itself refer to the head of the Catholic Church. The title itself has been used officially by the head of the Catholic Church since the tenure of Pope Siricius, although it has been first used by the Copts centuries earlier.
Hermannus Contractus may have been the first historian to number the popes continuously. His list ends in 1049 with Pope Leo IX as the number 154. On that basis, the current Pope Benedict XVI would be the 267th pope of Rome.
There is no official list of popes, but the ''Annuario Pontificio'', published every year by the Vatican, contains a list that is generally considered to be the most authoritative. Its list is the one given here. The ''Annuario Pontificio's list gives Benedict XVI as the 265th pope of Rome.
Several changes have been made in the list during the 20th century. Antipope Christopher was considered legitimate for a long time. Pope-elect Stephen was considered legitimate under the name ''Stephen II'' until the 1961 edition and erased then. Although these changes are no longer controversial, a number of modern lists still include this "first Pope Stephen II". It is probable that this is because they are based on the 1913 edition of the Catholic Encyclopaedia, which is in the public domain.
''Episcopus Romanus'' means ''Bishop of Rome''.
|}
† The exact birth date of Innocent VIII and almost all popes prior to Eugene IV is unknown, therefore the lowest probable age has been assumed for this table.
‡ This pope resigned his office.
The data to determine the age and dates of birth of the youngest Popes is frequently unavailable, as Popes have generally been elected at older ages in modern times. The youngest Pope was probably either Pope Benedict IX (who became Pope at an unknown age between 11 and 20) or Pope John XII (who was 18 at the beginning of his papacy).
A number of anomalies in the list given above need further explanation:
★ Felix II (356-357), Boniface VII (974, 984-985), John XVI (997-998), Benedict X (1058-1059) and Alexander V (1409-1410) are not listed because they are considered antipopes.
★ The numbering of popes named Felix has been amended to omit antipope Felix II. However, most lists still call the last two Felixes Felix III and Felix IV. Additionally, there was an antipope Felix V.
★ There has never been a pope John XX as a result of confusion of the numbering system in the 11th century.
★ Pope-elect Stephen, who died before being consecrated, is not on the Vatican's official list of popes since 1961, but appears on lists dating from before 1960. The numbering of following popes called ''Stephen'' are nowadays given as Pope Stephen II to Pope Stephen IX, rather than Stephen III to Stephen X.
★ When Simon de Brion became pope in 1281, he chose to be called ''Martin''. At that time, Marinus I and Marinus II were mistakenly considered to be Martin II and Martin III respectively, and so, erroneously, Simon de Brion became Pope Martin IV.
★ Pope Donus II, said to have reigned about 974, never existed. The belief resulted from the confusion of the title ''dominus'' (lord) with a proper name. (Pope Joan also probably never existed; however, legends about her may have originated from stories about the pornocracy.)
★ The status of Antipope John XXIII was uncertain for hundreds of years, and was finally settled in 1958 when Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli announced his own name as John XXIII. Baldassare Cossa, who was Antipope John XXIII, served as a Cardinal of the reunited church before his death in 1419 and his remains are found in the Battistero di San Giovanni (Florence).
★ List of antipopes
★
★ Liber Pontificalis
★ List of sexually active popes
★ List of popes by length of reign
★ Prophecy of the Popes
★ List of German popes
★ List of French popes
★ African popes
★ Links between popes
★ Graphical list of popes
★ John N.D. Kelly, ''The Oxford Dictionary of Popes'', Oxford University Press, 1986.
★ AA.VV., ''Enciclopedia dei Papi'', Istituto dell'Enciclopedia italiana, 2000.
★ Pontificia Amministrazione della Patriarcale Basilica di San Paolo, ''I Papi. Venti secoli di storia'', Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2002.
★ PopeChart.com
★ Catholic Encyclopedia
★ Giga-Catholic Information
★ Popes & Anti-Popes
:''For a graphical representation of this list, see list of popes (graphical).''
Popes buried in St. Peter's
This article comprises 'lists of Popes of the Catholic Church'.
While the term "Pope" (Latin: ''papa'' "father'") is used in several Churches to denote their high spiritual leaders (e.g.: Coptic Pope), this title in English usage can by itself refer to the head of the Catholic Church. The title itself has been used officially by the head of the Catholic Church since the tenure of Pope Siricius, although it has been first used by the Copts centuries earlier.
Hermannus Contractus may have been the first historian to number the popes continuously. His list ends in 1049 with Pope Leo IX as the number 154. On that basis, the current Pope Benedict XVI would be the 267th pope of Rome.
There is no official list of popes, but the ''Annuario Pontificio'', published every year by the Vatican, contains a list that is generally considered to be the most authoritative. Its list is the one given here. The ''Annuario Pontificio's list gives Benedict XVI as the 265th pope of Rome.
Several changes have been made in the list during the 20th century. Antipope Christopher was considered legitimate for a long time. Pope-elect Stephen was considered legitimate under the name ''Stephen II'' until the 1961 edition and erased then. Although these changes are no longer controversial, a number of modern lists still include this "first Pope Stephen II". It is probable that this is because they are based on the 1913 edition of the Catholic Encyclopaedia, which is in the public domain.
''Episcopus Romanus'' means ''Bishop of Rome''.
Chronological list of popes
1st-5th Centuries
1st Century
| Pontificate | Common English name | Regnal (Latin) name | Personal name | Place of birth | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 30 to 67 | 'Peter' Saint Peter | 'Petrus', Head of the Church | Simon Peter שמעון בן יונה (Shimon ben Yona) Shimon Kipha CΙΜΗΟΝ ΚΗΦΑC (Simeon Kephas - Simon the Rock) | Bethsaida, Galilea | Disciple of Jesus from whom he received the keys to the Kingdom of Heaven, according to . |
| ''post''42/''ante''57 to 64/67(?) | 'Petrus', Episcopus Romanus | Executed by crucifixion upside-down; feast day (Feast of Saints Peter and Paul) 29 June, (Chair of Peter) 22 February. Whilst recognised as the first pope by the Roman Catholic Church some debate the accuracy of this claim. | |||
| 64/67(?) to 76/79(?) | 'Linus' Saint Linus | 'Linus', Episcopus Romanus | Linus | Tuscia (Northern Latium) | Traditionally martyred (no evidence); Feast day 23 September |
| 76/79(?) to 88 | 'Anacletus' (Cletus) Saint Anacletus | 'Anacletus', Episcopus Romanus | Anacletus | Probably Greece | Martyred; feast day 26 April |
| 88/92 to 97/101 | 'Clement I' Saint Clement | 'Clemens', Episcopus Romanus | Rome | Martyred; feast day 23 November |
|}
2nd Century
| Pontificate | Common English name | Regnal (Latin) name | Personal name | Place of birth | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 97/99 to 105/107 | 'Evaristus' (Aristus) Saint Evaristus | 'Evaristus', Episcopus Romanus | Aristus | Traditionally martyred (no evidence); feast day 26 October | |
| 105/107 to 115/116 | 'Alexander I' Saint Alexander | 'Alexander', Episcopus Romanus | Alexander | Rome | |
| 115/116 to 125 | 'Sixtus I' Saint Sixtus | 'Xystus', Episcopus Romanus | Rome or Greece | ||
| 125 to 136/138 | 'Telesphorus' Saint Telesphorus | 'Telesphorus', Episcopus Romanus | Greece | ||
| 136/138 to 140/142 | 'Hyginus' Saint Hyginus | 'Hyginus', Episcopus Romanus | Greece | Traditionally martyred (no evidence); feast day 11 January | |
| 140/142 to 155 | 'Pius I' Saint Pius | 'Pius', Episcopus Romanus | Aquileia, Friuli, Italy | Martyred by sword; feast day 11 July | |
| 155 to 166 | 'Anicetus' Saint Anicetus | 'Anicetus', Episcopus Romanus | Emesa, Syria | Traditionally martyred (no evidence); feast day 17 April | |
| ''c.''166 to 174/175 | 'Soter' Saint Soter | 'Soterius', Episcopus Romanus | Fondi, Latium, Italy | Traditionally martyred; feast day 22 April | |
| 174/175 to 189 | 'Eleuterus' Saint Eleutherus | 'Eleutherius', Episcopus Romanus | Nicopoli, Epyrus | Traditionally martyred; feast day 6 May | |
| 189 to 198/199 | 'Victor I' Saint Victor | 'Victor', Episcopus Romanus | Northern Africa |
3rd Century
| Pontificate | Common English name | Regnal (Latin) name | Personal name | Place of birth | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 199 to 217 | 'Zephyrinus' Saint Zephyrin | 'Zephyrinus', Episcopus Romanus | Rome | ||
| ''c.''217 to 222/223 | 'Callixtus I' Saint Callixtus | 'Callistus', Episcopus Romanus | Martyred; feast day 14 October | ||
| 222/223 to 230 | 'Urban I' Saint Urban | 'Urbanus', Episcopus Romanus | Rome | ||
| 21 July 230 to 28 September 235 | 'Pontian' Saint Pontian | 'Pontianus', Episcopus Romanus | Rome | ||
| 235 to 3 January 236 | 'Anterus' Saint Anterus | 'Anterus', Episcopus Romanus | Greece | ||
| 10 January 236 to 20 January 250 | 'Fabian' Saint Fabian | 'Fabianus', Episcopus Romanus | Rome | ||
| March/April 251 to June 253 | 'Cornelius' Saint Cornelius | 'Cornelius', Episcopus Romanus | Died a martyr, through extreme hardship; feast day 16 September | ||
| 25 June 253 to 5 March 254 | 'Lucius I' Saint Lucius | 'Lucius', Episcopus Romanus | Rome | Feast day 4 March | |
| 12 May 254 to 2 August 257 | 'Stephen I' Saint Stephen | 'Stephanus', Episcopus Romanus | Rome | Martyred by beheading; feast day 2 August | |
| 30/31 August 257 to 6 August 258 | 'Sixtus II' Saint Sixtus II | 'Xystus' Secundus, Episcopus Romanus | Greece | Martyred by beheading | |
| 22 July 259 to 26 December 268 | 'Dionysius' Saint Dionysius | 'Dionysius', Episcopus Romanus | Greece | Feast day 26 December | |
| 5 January 269 to 30 December 274 | 'Felix I' Saint Felix | 'Felix', Episcopus Romanus | Rome | ||
| 4 January 275 to December 283 | 'Eutychian' Saint Eutychian | 'Eutychianus', Episcopus Romanus | |||
| 17 December 283 to 22 April 296 | 'Caius' Saint Caius | 'Caius', Episcopus Romanus | |||
| 296 to 304 | 'Marcellinus' Saint Marcellinus | 'Marcellinus', Episcopus Romanus |
4th Century
| Pontificate | Common English name | Regnal (Latin) name | Personal name | Place of birth | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 308 to 309 | 'Marcellus I' Saint Marcellus | 'Marcellus', Episcopus Romanus | |||
| ''c.''309 to ''c.''310 | 'Eusebius' Saint Eusebius | 'Eusebius', Episcopus Romanus | |||
| 2 July 311 to 11 January 314 | 'Miltiades' Melchiades Saint Miltiades | 'Miltiades', Episcopus Romanus | Africa | First pope after the end of the persecution of Christians through the Edict of Milan (313 AD) issued by Constantine the Great | |
| 31 January 314 to 31 December 335 | 'Sylvester I' Saint Sylvester | 'Silvester', Episcopus Romanus | |||
| 18 January 336 to 7 October 336 | 'Mark' Saint Mark | 'Marcus', Episcopus Romanus | Rome | Feast day 7 October | |
| 6 February 337 to 12 April 352 | 'Julius I' Saint Julius | 'Iulius', Episcopus Romanus | Rome | ||
| 17 May 352 to 24 September 366 | 'Liberius' | 'Liberius', Episcopus Romanus | Earliest Pope not yet canonized | ||
| 1 October 366 to 11 December 384 | 'Damasus I' Saint Damasus | 'Damasus', Episcopus Romanus | Idanha-a-Nova, Portugal | First Portuguese Pope | |
| 11 December 384 to 26 November 399 | 'Siricius' Saint Siricius | Papa 'Siricius', Episcopus Romanus | First to employ the title ''"Papa"'' ("Pope") | ||
| 27 November 399 to 19 December 401 | 'Anastasius I' Saint Anastasius | Papa 'Anastasius', Episcopus Romanus |
5th Century
| Pontificate | Common English name | Regnal (Latin) name | Personal name | Place of birth | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 22 December 401 to 12 March 417 | 'Innocent I' Saint Innocent | Papa 'Innocentius', Episcopus Romanus | |||
| 18 March 417 to 26 December 418 | 'Zosimus' Saint Zosimus | Papa 'Zosimus', Episcopus Romanus | |||
| 28/29 December 418 to 4 September 422 | 'Boniface I' Saint Boniface | Papa 'Bonifacius', Episcopus Romanus | |||
| 10 September 422 to 27 July 432 | 'Celestine I' Saint Celestine | Papa 'Coelestinus', Episcopus Romanus | |||
| 31 July 432 to March/August 440 | 'Sixtus III' Saint Sixtus | Papa 'Xystus' Tertius, Episcopus Romanus | |||
| 29 September 440 to 10 November 461 | 'Leo I' Saint Leo Leo the Great | Papa 'Leo' Magnus, Episcopus Romanus | Rome | Convinced Attila the Hun to turn back his invasion of Italy | |
| 19 November 461 to 29 February 468 | 'Hilarius' Saint Hilarius | Papa 'Hilarius', Episcopus Romanus | |||
| 3 March 468 to 10 March 483 | 'Simplicius' Saint Simplicius | Papa 'Simplicius', Episcopus Romanus | Tivoli, Italy | ||
| 13 March 483 to 1 March 492 | 'Felix III' Saint Felix | Papa 'Felix' Tertius, Episcopus Romanus | Rome | Sometimes called Felix II | |
| 1 March 492 to 21 November 496 | 'Gelasius I' Saint Gelasius | Papa 'Gelasius', Episcopus Romanus | Africa | ||
| 24 November 496 to 19 November 498 | 'Anastasius II' | Papa 'Anastasius' Secundus, Episcopus Romanus | |||
| 22 November 498 to 19 July 514 | 'Symmachus' Saint Symmachus | Papa 'Symmachus', Episcopus Romanus | Sardinia |
6th-10th Centuries
6th Century
| Pontificate | Common English name | Regnal name | Personal name | Place of birth | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20 July 514 to 19 July 523 | 'Hormisdas' Saint Hormisdas | Papa 'Hormisdus', Episcopus Romanus | Frosinone, Southern Latium, Italy | Father of Pope Silverius | |
| 13 August 523 to 18 May 526 | 'John I' Saint John | Papa 'Ioannes', Episcopus Romanus | Tuscany | ||
| 13 July 526 to 22 September 530 | 'Felix IV' Saint Felix | Papa 'Felix' Quartus, Episcopus Romanus | Samnium | Sometimes called Felix III | |
| 22 September 530 to 17 October 532 | 'Boniface II' | Papa 'Bonifacius' Secundus, Episcopus Romanus | Rome to Ostrogoth parents | ||
| 2 January 533 to 8 May 535 | 'John II' | Papa 'Ioannes' Secundus, Episcopus Romanus | Mercurius | Rome | First pope to not use personal name. This was due to Mercury being a Roman god. |
| 13 May 535 to 22 April 536 | 'Agapetus I' Agapitus Saint Agapetus | Papa 'Agapetus', Episcopus Romanus | Feast days 22 April, 20 September | ||
| 1 June 536 to 11 November 537 | 'Silverius' Saint Silverius | Papa 'Silverius', Episcopus Romanus | Exiled; feast day 20 June, son of Pope Hormisdas | ||
| 29 March 537 to 7 June 555 | 'Vigilius' | Papa 'Vigilius', Episcopus Romanus | Rome | ||
| 16 April 556 to 4 March 561 | 'Pelagius I' | Papa 'Pelagius', Episcopus Romanus | Rome | ||
| 17 July 561 to 13 July 574 | 'John III' | Papa 'Ioannes' Tertius, Episcopus Romanus | Catelinus | ||
| 2 June 575 to 30 July 579 | 'Benedict I' | Papa 'Benedictus', Episcopus Romanus | |||
| 26 November 579 to 7 February 590 | 'Pelagius II' | Papa 'Pelagius' Secundus, Episcopus Romanus | Rome | ||
| 3 September 590 to 12 March 604 | 'Gregory I', '''O.S.B.''' Saint Gregory Gregory the Great | Papa 'Gregorius' Magnus, Episcopus Romanus | Rome | First to formally employ the titles ''"Servus servorum Dei"'' and ''"Pontifex Maximus"'' |
7th Century
| Pontificate | Common English name | Regnal (Latin) name | Personal name | Place of birth | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 13 September 604 to 22 February 606 | 'Sabinian' Saint Sabinian | Papa 'Sabinianus', Episcopus Romanus | Blera | ||
| 19 February 607 to 12 November 607 | 'Boniface III' | Papa 'Bonifacius' Tertius, Episcopus Romanus | Rome | ||
| 25 August 608 to 8 May 615 | 'Boniface IV', '''O.S.B.''' Saint Boniface | Papa 'Bonifacius' Quartus, Episcopus Romanus | Marsi | First Pope to bear the same name as his predecessor | |
| 19 October 615 to 8 November 618 | 'Adeodatus I' | Papa 'Adeodatus', or Papa 'Deusdedit' Episcopus Romanus | Rome | Sometimes called Deusdedit, and then Pope Adeodatus II is called 'Pope Adeodatus' without a number | |
| 23 December 619 to 25 October 625 | 'Boniface V' | Papa 'Bonifacius' Quintus, Episcopus Romanus | Naples | ||
| 27 October 625 to 12 October 638 | 'Honorius I' | Papa 'Honorius', Episcopus Romanus | |||
| October 638 to 2 August 640 | 'Severinus' | Papa 'Severinus', Episcopus Romanus | Rome | ||
| 24 December 640 to 12 October 642 | 'John IV' | Papa 'Ioannes' Quartus, Episcopus Romanus | Zadar, Dalmatia, now Croatia | ||
| 24 November 642 to 14 May 649 | 'Theodore I' | Papa 'Theodorus', Episcopus Romanus | Palestine | ||
| July 649 to 16 September 655 | 'Martin I' Saint Martin | Papa 'Martinus', Episcopus Romanus | Feast Day 12 November | ||
| 10 August 654 to 2 June 657 | 'Eugene I' Saint Eugene | Papa 'Eugenius', Episcopus Romanus | Rome | ||
| 30 July 657 to 27 January 672 | 'Vitalian' Saint Vitalian | Papa 'Vitalianus', Episcopus Romanus | |||
| 11 April 672 to 17 June 676 | 'Adeodatus II', '''O.S.B.''' | Papa 'Adeodatus' Secundus, Episcopus Romanus | Sometimes called 'Pope Adeodatus' (without a number) when Pope Adeodatus I is called 'Pope Deusdedit' | ||
| 2 November 676 to 11 April 678 | 'Donus' | Papa 'Donus', Episcopus Romanus | |||
| 27 June 678 to 10 January 681 | 'Agatho' Saint Agatho | Papa 'Agatho', Episcopus Romanus | Sicily | ||
| December 681 to 3 July 683 | 'Leo II' Saint Leo | Papa 'Leo' Secundus, Episcopus Romanus | Sicily | Feast day 3 July | |
| 683/26 June 684 to 8 May 685 | 'Benedict II' Saint Benedict | Papa 'Benedictus' Secundus, Episcopus Romanus | Feast day 7 May | ||
| 12 July 685 to 2 August 686 | 'John V' | Papa 'Ioannes' Quintus, Episcopus Romanus | Syria | ||
| 21 October 686 to 22 September 687 | 'Conon' | Papa 'Conon', Episcopus Romanus | |||
| 15 December 687 to 8 September 701 | 'Sergius I' Saint Sergius | Papa 'Sergius', Episcopus Romanus | Sicily |
8th Century
| Pontificate | Common English name | Regnal (Latin) name | Personal name | Place of birth | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 30 October 701 to 11 January 705 | 'John VI' | Papa 'Ioannes' Sextus, Episcopus Romanus | Greece | ||
| 1 March 705 to 18 October 707 | 'John VII' | Papa 'Ioannes' Septumus, Episcopus Romanus | Greece | Second Pope to bear the same name as his predecessor | |
| 15 January 708 to 4 February 708 | 'Sisinnius' | Papa 'Sisinnius', Episcopus Romanus | Syria | ||
| 25 March 708 to 9 April 715 | 'Constantine' | Papa 'Constantinus', Episcopus Romanus | Syria | Last Pope to visit Greece until John Paul II in 2001 | |
| 19 May 715 to 11 February 731 | 'Gregory II' Saint Gregory | Papa 'Gregorius' Secundus, Episcopus Romanus | Feast day 11 February | ||
| 18 March 731 to 28 November 741 | 'Gregory III' | Papa 'Gregorius' Tertius, Episcopus Romanus | Syria | Third Pope to bear the same name as his predecessor | |
| 3 December 741 to 14 March/22 March 752 | 'Zachary' Saint Zachary | Papa 'Zacharias', Episcopus Romanus | Greece | Feast day 15 March | |
| 23 March 752 to 25 March 752 Never took office as Pope. | '(Pope-Elect Stephen)' | 'Stephanus' | Sometimes known as Stephen II. Died three days after his election and was never consecrated into the office of Pope as such debate remains over if he was Pope or not. The Vatican sanctioned his addition to the list of Popes in the sixteenth century, however he was removed in 1961. As such he is not considered a Pope by the Catholic Church. | ||
| 26 March 752 to 26 April 757 | 'Stephen II' | Papa 'Stephanus' Secundus, Episcopus Romanus | Sometimes called Stephen III | ||
| 29 May 757 to 28 June 767 | 'Paul I' Saint Paul | Papa 'Paulus', Episcopus Romanus | |||
| 1 August 767 to 24 January 772 | 'Stephen III' | Papa 'Stephanus' Tertius, Episcopus Romanus | Sometimes called Stephen IV | ||
| 1 February 772 to 26 December 795 | 'Adrian I' | Papa 'Hadrianus', Episcopus Romanus | Rome | ||
| 26 December 795 to 12 June 816 | 'Leo III' | Papa 'Leo' Tertius, Episcopus Romanus |
9th Century
| Pontificate | Common English name | Regnal (Latin) name | Personal name | Place of birth | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12 June 816 to 24 January 817 | 'Stephen IV' | Papa 'Stephanus' Quartus, Episcopus Romanus | Sometimes called Stephen V | ||
| 25 January 817 to 11 February 824 | 'Paschal I' Saint Paschal | Papa 'Paschalis', Episcopus Romanus | Rome | ||
| 8 May 824 to August 827 | 'Eugene II' | Papa 'Eugenius' Secundus, Episcopus Romanus | Rome | ||
| August 827 to September 827 | 'Valentine' | Papa 'Valentinus', Episcopus Romanus | Rome | ||
| 827 to January 844 | 'Gregory IV' | Papa 'Gregorius' Quartus, Episcopus Romanus | |||
| January 844 to 7 January 847 | 'Sergius II' | Papa 'Sergius' Secundus, Episcopus Romanus | Rome | ||
| January 847 to 17 July 855 | 'Leo IV', '''O.S.B.''' Saint Leo | Papa 'Leo' Quartus, Episcopus Romanus | Rome | ||
| 855 to 7 April 858 | 'Benedict III' | Papa 'Benedictus' Tertius, Episcopus Romanus | |||
| 24 April 858 to 13 November 867 | 'Nicholas I' Saint Nicholas Nicholas the Great | Papa 'Nicolaus' Magnus Episcopus Romanus | |||
| 14 December 867 to 14 December 872 | 'Adrian II' | Papa 'Hadrianus' Secundus, Episcopus Romanus | Rome | ||
| 14 December 872 to 16 December 882 | 'John VIII' | Papa 'Ioannes' Octavus, Episcopus Romanus | Rome | ||
| 16 December 882 to 15 May 884 | 'Marinus I' | Papa 'Marinus', Episcopus Romanus | |||
| 17 May 884 to ''c.''September 885 | 'Adrian III' Saint Adrian | Papa 'Hadrianus' Tertius, Episcopus Romanus | Rome | ||
| 885 to 14 September 891 | 'Stephen V' | Papa 'Stephanus' Quintus, Episcopus Romanus | Sometimes called Stephen VI | ||
| 19 September 891 to 4 April 896 | 'Formosus' | Papa 'Formosus', Episcopus Romanus | Ostia | Posthumously ritually executed following the Cadaver Synod | |
| 4 April 896 to 19 April 896 | 'Boniface VI' | Papa 'Bonifacius' Sextus, Episcopus Romanus | Rome | ||
| 22 May 896 to August 897 | 'Stephen VI' | Papa 'Stephanus' Sextus, Episcopus Romanus | Sometimes called Stephen VII | ||
| August 897 to November 897 | 'Romanus' | Papa 'Romanus', Episcopus Romanus | |||
| December 897 | 'Theodore II' | Papa 'Theodorus' Secundus, Episcopus Romanus | |||
| January 898 to January 900 | 'John IX', '''O.S.B.''' | Papa 'Ioannes' Nonus, Episcopus Romanus |
10th Century
| Pontificate | Common English name | Regnal (Latin) name | Personal name | Place of birth | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 900 to 903 | 'Benedict IV' | Papa 'Benedictus' Quartus, Episcopus Romanus | Rome | ||
| July 903 to September 903 | 'Leo V' | Papa 'Leo' Quintus, Episcopus Romanus | Ardea | ||
| 29 January 904 to 14 April 911 | 'Sergius III' | Papa 'Sergius' Tertius, Episcopus Romanus | Rome | "Pornocracy" begins | |
| April 911 to June 913 | 'Anastasius III' | Papa 'Anastasius' Tertius, Episcopus Romanus | Rome | ||
| July/August 913 to February/March 914 | 'Lando' | Papa 'Lando', Episcopus Romanus | Sabina, Italy | ||
| March 914 to May 928 | 'John X' | Papa 'Ioannes' Decimus, Episcopus Romanus | |||
| May 928 to December 928 | 'Leo VI' | Papa 'Leo' Sextus, Episcopus Romanus | |||
| December 928 to February 931 | 'Stephen VII' | Papa 'Stephanus' Septimus, Episcopus Romanus | Sometimes called Stephen VIII | ||
| February/March 931 to December 935 | 'John XI' | Papa 'Ioannes' Undecimus, Episcopus Romanus | |||
| 3 January 936 to 13 July 939 | 'Leo VII', '''O.S.B.''' | Papa 'Leo' Septimus, Episcopus Romanus | |||
| 14 July 939 to October 942 | 'Stephen VIII' | Papa 'Stephanus' Octavus, Episcopus Romanus | Sometimes called Stephen IX | ||
| 30 October 942 to May 946 | 'Marinus II' | Papa 'Marinus' Secundus, Episcopus Romanus | |||
| 10 May 946 to December 955 | 'Agapetus II' | Papa 'Agapetus' Secundus, Episcopus Romanus | |||
| 16 December 955 to 14 May 964 | 'John XII' | Papa 'Ioannes' Duodecimus, Episcopus Romanus | Octavian | Deposed in 963 by Emperor Otto invalidly; end of the "Pornocracy" | |
| 22 May 964 to 23 June 964 | 'Benedict V' | Papa 'Benedictus' Quintus, Episcopus Romanus | Elected after John XII's death by the people of Rome, in opposition to the Antipope Leo VIII who was appointed by Emperor Otto; Benedict accepted his deposition in 964 leaving Leo as sole pope. | ||
| July 964 to 1 March 965 | 'Leo VIII' | Papa 'Leo' Octavus, Episcopus Romanus | Rome | Appointed antipope by Emperor Otto in 963 in opposition to John XII and Benedict V. He became the true Pope after Benedict V was deposed | |
| 1 October 965 to 6 September 972 | 'John XIII' | Papa 'Ioannes' Tertius Decimus, Episcopus Romanus | |||
| 19 January 973 to June 974 | 'Benedict VI' | Papa 'Benedictus' Sextus, Episcopus Romanus | Deposed and murdered | ||
| October 974 to 10 July 983 | 'Benedict VII' | Papa 'Benedictus' Septimus, Episcopus Romanus | |||
| December 983 to 20 August 984 | 'John XIV' | Papa 'Ioannes' Quartus Decimus, Episcopus Romanus | Pietro Campanora | Pavia | |
| August 985 to March 996 | 'John XV' | Papa 'Ioannes' Quintus Decimus, Episcopus Romanus | Rome | ||
| 3 May 996 to 18 February 999 | 'Gregory V' | Papa 'Gregorius' Quintus, Episcopus Romanus | Bruno of Carinthia | First German Pope | |
| 2 April 999 to 12 May 1003 | 'Sylvester II' | Papa 'Silvester' Secundus, Episcopus Romanus | Gerbert d'Aurillac | Auvergne region of France | First French Pope |
11th-15th Centuries
11th Century
| Pontificate | Common English name | Regnal name | Personal name | Place of birth | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| June 1003 to December 1003 | 'John XVII' | Papa 'Ioannes' Septimus Decimus, Episcopus Romanus | Siccone | Rome | |
| 25 December 1003 to July 1009 | 'John XVIII' | Papa 'Ioannes' Duodevicesimus, Episcopus Romanus | Giovanni Fasano; Phasianus | Rome | |
| 31 July 1009 to 12 May 1012 | 'Sergius IV' | Papa 'Sergius' Quartus, Episcopus Romanus | Pietro Boccapecora | Rome | |
| 18 May 1012 to 9 April 1024 | 'Benedict VIII' | Papa 'Benedictus' Octavus, Episcopus Romanus | Theophylactus II, Conti di Tusculum | Rome | |
| April/May 1024 to 20 October 1032 | 'John XIX' | Papa 'Ioannes' Undevicesimus, Episcopus Romanus | Romanus, Conti di Tusculum | Rome | |
| 1032 to 1044 | 'Benedict IX' | Papa 'Benedictus' Nonus, Episcopus Romanus | Theophylactus III, Conti di Tusculum | Rome | 1st Term; abdicated for financial reward |
| 1045 | 'Sylvester III' | Papa 'Silvester' Tertius, Episcopus Romanus | John, Bishop of Sabina | Rome | Validity of election questioned; considered Anti-Pope; deposed at the Council of Sutri. |
| 1045 to 1046 | 'Benedict IX' | Papa 'Benedictus' Nonus, Episcopus Romanus | Theophylactus III, Conti di Tusculum | Rome | 2nd Term; deposed at the Council of Sutri |
| April/May 1045 to 20 December 1046 | 'Gregory VI' | Papa 'Gregorius' Sextus, Episcopus Romanus | Johannes Gratianus | Deposed at the Council of Sutri | |
| 24 December 1046 to 9 October 1047 | 'Clement II' | Papa 'Clemens' Secundus, Episcopus Romanus | Suidger | Saxony | |
| November 1047 to 1048 | 'Benedict IX' | Papa 'Benedictus' Nonus, Episcopus Romanus | Theophylactus III, Conti di Tusculum | 3rd Term; deposed and excommunicated | |
| 17 July 1048 to 9 August 1048 | 'Damasus II' | Papa 'Damasus' Secundus, Episcopus Romanus | Poppo | Tirol | |
| 12 February 1049 to 19 April 1054 | 'Leo IX' Saint Leo | Papa 'Leo' Nonus, Episcopus Romanus | Bruno, Count of Dagsbourg | Alsace | |
| 13 April 1055 to 28 July 1057 | 'Victor II' | Papa 'Victor' Secundus, Episcopus Romanus | Gebhard, Count of Calw, Tollenstein, and Hirschberg | Germany | |
| 2 August 1057 to 29 March 1058 | 'Stephen IX', '''O.S.B.''' | Papa 'Stephanus' Nonus, Episcopus Romanus | Frederic de Lorraine; Frederick of Lorraine | Sometimes called Stephen X | |
| 6 December 1058 to 27 July 1061 | 'Nicholas II' | Papa 'Nicolaus' Secundus, Episcopus Romanus | Gérard de Bourgogne; Gerard of Burgundy | ||
| 30 September 1061 to 21 April 1073 | 'Alexander II' | Papa 'Alexander' Secundus, Episcopus Romanus | Anselmo da Baggio | Baggio, Milan, Italy | |
| 22 April 1073 to 25 May 1085 | 'Gregory VII', '''O.S.B.''' Saint Gregory | Papa 'Gregorius' Septimus, Episcopus Romanus | Hildebrand | Soana, Tuscany, Italy | Restricted the use of title ''"Papa"'' to the Bishop of Rome |
| 24 May 1086 to 16 September 1087 | 'Victor III', '''O.S.B.''' Blessed Victor | Papa 'Victor' Tertius, Episcopus Romanus | Desiderio; Desiderius; Dauferius | Southern Italy | |
| 12 March 1088 to 29 July 1099 | 'Urban II', '''O.S.B.''' Blessed Urban | Papa 'Urbanus' Secundus, Episcopus Romanus | Odo of Lagery | France | Started the First Crusade |
| 13 August 1099 to 21 January 1118 | 'Paschal II', '''O.Cist.''' | Papa 'Paschalis' Secundus, Episcopus Romanus | Raniero | Romagna, Italy |
12th Century
| Pontificate | Common English name | Regnal (Latin) name | Personal name | Place of birth | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 24 January 1118 to 28 January 1119 | 'Gelasius II', '''O.S.B.''' | Papa 'Gelasius' Secundus, Episcopus Romanus | Giovanni Coniulo | Gaeta, Latium, Italy | |
| 2 February 1119 to 13 December 1124 | 'Callixtus II' | Papa 'Callistus' Secundus, Episcopus Romanus | Guido, Comte de Bourgogne | France | Opened the First Council of the Lateran in 1123 |
| 15 December 1124 to 13 February 1130 | 'Honorius II' | Papa 'Honorius' Secundus, Episcopus Romanus | Lamberto Scannabecchi | Imola, Romagna, Italy | |
| 14 February 1130 to 24 September 1143 | 'Innocent II' | Papa 'Innocentius' Secundus, Episcopus Romanus | Gregorio Papareschi | Rome, Italy | Convened the Second Council of the Lateran, 1139 |
| 26 September 1143 to 8 March 1144 | 'Celestine II' | Papa 'Coelestinus' Secundus, Episcopus Romanus | Guido | Città di Castello, Umbria, Italy | |
| 12 March 1144 to 15 March 1145 | 'Lucius II' | Papa 'Lucius' Secundus, Episcopus Romanus | Gerardo Caccianemici dal Orso | Bologna, Italy | |
| 15 February 1145 to 8 July 1153 | 'Eugene III', '''O.Cist.''' Blessed Eugene | Papa 'Eugenius' Tertius, Episcopus Romanus | Bernardo Pignatelli | Pisa, Tuscany, Italy | |
| 8 July 1153 to 3 December 1154 | 'Anastasius IV' | Papa 'Anastasius' Quartus, Episcopus Romanus | Corrado | Rome | |
| 4 December 1154 to 1 September 1159 | 'Adrian IV', '''O.S.A.''' | Papa 'Hadrianus' Quartus, Episcopus Romanus | Nicholas Breakspear | England | Only English pope; granted Ireland to Henry II, King of England |
| 7 September 1159 to 30 August 1181 | 'Alexander III' | Papa 'Alexander' Tertius, Episcopus Romanus | Rolando Bandinelli | Siena, Tuscany, Italy | Convened the Third Council of the Lateran, 1179 |
| 1 September 1181 to 25 November 1185 | 'Lucius III' | Papa 'Lucius' Tertius, Episcopus Romanus | Ubaldo Allucingoli | Lucca, Tuscany, Italy | |
| 25 November 1185 to 19 October 1187 | 'Urban III' | Papa 'Urbanus' Tertius, Episcopus Romanus | Uberto Crivelli | Milan, Italy | |
| 21 October 1187 to 17 December 1187 | 'Gregory VIII' | Papa 'Gregorius' Octavus, Episcopus Romanus | Alberto di Morra | Benevento, Campania, Italy | Proposed the Third Crusade |
| 19 December 1187 to 27 March 1191 | 'Clement III' | Papa 'Clemens' Tertius, Episcopus Romanus | Paulino Scolari | Rome | |
| 30 March 1191 to 8 January 1198 | 'Celestine III' | Papa 'Coelestinus' Tertius, Episcopus Romanus | Giacinto Bobone | Rome | |
| 8 January 1198 to 16 July 1216 | 'Innocent III' | Papa 'Innocentius' Tertius, Episcopus Romanus | Lothario dei Conti di Segni | Gavignano, Latium, Italy | Convened the Fourth Council of the Lateran, 1215 |
13th Century
| Pontificate | Common English name | Regnal (Latin) name | Personal name | Place of birth | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18 July 1216 to 18 March 1227 | 'Honorius III' | Papa 'Honorius' Tertius, Episcopus Romanus | Cencio Savelli | Rome | |
| 19 March 1227 to 22 August 1241 | 'Gregory IX' | Papa 'Gregorius' Nonus, Episcopus Romanus | Ugolino dei Conti di Segni | Anagni, Latium, Italy | |
| 25 October 1241 to 10 November 1241 | 'Celestine IV', '''O.S.B.''' | Papa 'Coelestinus' Quartus, Episcopus Romanus | Goffredo Castiglioni | Milan, Italy | |
| 25 June 1243 to 7 December 1254 | 'Innocent IV' | Papa 'Innocentius' Quartus, Episcopus Romanus | Sinibaldo Fieschi | Genoa, Italy | Convened the First Council of Lyons, 1245 |
| 12 December 1254 to 25 May 1261 | 'Alexander IV' | Papa 'Alexander' Quartus, Episcopus Romanus | Rinaldo dei Conti di Segni; Rinaldo Conti | Anagni, Italy | |
| 29 August 1261 to 2 October 1264 | 'Urban IV' | Papa 'Urbanus' Quartus, Episcopus Romanus | Jacques Pantaléon | Troyes, France | |
| 5 February 1265 to 29 November 1268 | 'Clement IV' | Papa 'Clemens' Quartus, Episcopus Romanus | Gui Faucoi le Gros (''angl:'' Guy Foulques the Fat) | Saint-Gilles, France | |
| 29 November 1268 to 1 September 1271 | interregnum | ||||
| 1 September 1271 to 10 January 1276 | 'Gregory X', '''O.Cist.''' Blessed Gregory | Papa 'Gregorius' Decimus, Episcopus Romanus | Tebaldo Visconti | Piacenza, Italy | Convened the Second Council of Lyons, 1274 |
| 21 January 1276 to 22 June 1276 | 'Innocent V', '''O.P.''' Blessed Innocent | Papa 'Innocentius' Quintus, Episcopus Romanus | Pierre de Tarentaise | Savoy, France | |
| 11 July 1276 to 18 August 1276 | 'Adrian V' | Papa 'Hadrianus' Quintus, Episcopus Romanus | Ottobuono Fieschi | Genoa, Italy | |
| 8 September 1276 to 20 May 1277 | 'John XXI' | Papa 'Ioannes' Vicesimus Primus, Episcopus Romanus | Pedro Hispano | Lisbon, Portugal | Killed in the collapse of his scientific laboratory |
| 25 November 1277 to 22 August 1280 | 'Nicholas III', '''O.S.B.''' | Papa 'Nicolaus' Tertius, Episcopus Romanus | Giovanni Gaetano Orsini | Rome, Italy | |
| 22 February 1281 to 28 March 1285 | 'Martin IV' | Papa 'Martinus' Quartus, Episcopus Romanus | Simon de Brion; Simon de Brie | Touraine, France | |
| 2 April 1285 to 3 April 1287 | 'Honorius IV' | Papa 'Honorius' Quartus, Episcopus Romanus | Giacomo Savelli | Rome, Italy | |
| 22 February 1288 to 4 April 1292 | 'Nicholas IV', '''O.F.M.''' | Papa 'Nicolaus' Quartus, Episcopus Romanus | Girolamo Masci | Ascoli, Italy | |
| 4 April 1292 to 5 July 1294 | interregnum | ||||
| 5 July 1294 to 13 December 1294 | 'Celestine V', '''O.S.B.''' Saint Celestine | Papa 'Coelestinus' Quintus, Episcopus Romanus | Pietro da Morrone | Moline, Italy | One of only two popes who abdicated |
| 24 December 1294 to 11 October 1303 | 'Boniface VIII' | Papa 'Bonifacius' Octavus, Episcopus Romanus | Benedetto Caetani | Anagni, Italy |
14th Century
| Pontificate | Common English name | Regnal (Latin) name | Personal name | Place of birth | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 22 October 1303 to 7 July 1304 | 'Benedict XI', '''O.P.''' Blessed Bendedict | Papa 'Benedictus' Undecimus, Episcopus Romanus | Niccolò Boccasini | Treviso, Italy | Convened the Council of Vienne, 1311-1312 |
| 5 June 1305 to 20 April 1314 | 'Clement V' | Papa 'Clemens' Quintus, Episcopus Romanus | Bertrand de Got | Bordeaux, France | Pope at Avignon. Suppressed the Knights Templar at the Council of Vienne. |
| 20 April 1314 to 7 August 1316 | interregnum | ||||
| 7 August 1316 to 4 December 1334 | 'John XXII' | Papa 'Ioannes' Vicesimus Secundus, Episcopus Romanus | Jacques d'Euse; Jacques Duèse | Cahors, France | Pope at Avignon |
| 20 December 1334 to 25 April 1342 | 'Benedict XII', '''O.Cist.''' | Papa 'Benedictus' Duodecimus, Episcopus Romanus | Jacques Fournier | Saverdun, France | Pope at Avignon |
| 7 May 1342 to 6 December 1352 | 'Clement VI' | Papa 'Clemens' Sextus, Episcopus Romanus | Pierre Roger | Limoges, France | Pope at Avignon |
| 18 December 1352 to 12 September 1362 | 'Innocent VI' | Papa 'Innocentius' Sextus, Episcopus Romanus | Étienne Aubert; Stephen Aubert | Beyssac, France | Pope at Avignon |
| 28 September 1362 to 19 December 1370 | 'Urban V', '''O.S.B.''' Blessed Urban | Papa 'Urbanus' Quintus, Episcopus | Guillaume Grimoard; Guillaume de Grimoard | Languedoc, France | Pope at Avignon |
| 30 December 1370 to 26 March 1378 | 'Gregory XI' | Papa 'Gregorius' Undecimus, Episcopus Romanus | Pierre Roger de Beaufort | Limoges, France | Pope at Avignon; returns to Rome |
| 8 April 1378 to 15 October 1389 | 'Urban VI' | Papa 'Urbanus' Sextus, Episcopus Romanus | Bartolomeo Prignano | Naples, Italy | Western Schism |
| 2 November 1389 to 1 October 1404 | 'Boniface IX' | Papa 'Bonifacius' Nonus, Episcopus Romanus | Pietro Tomacelli | Naples, Italy | Western Schism |
15th Century
| Pontificate | Common English name | Regnal (Latin) name | Personal name | Place of birth | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 17 October 1404 to 6 November 1406 | 'Innocent VII' | Papa 'Innocentius' Septimus, Episcopus Romanus | Cosimo Gentile Migliorati | Abruzzi, Italy | Western Schism |
| 30 November 1406 to 4 July 1415 | 'Gregory XII' | Papa 'Gregorius' Duodecimus, Episcopus Romanus | Angelo Correr | Venice, Italy | Western Schism; abdicated during the Council of Constance, which had been called by his opponent John XXIII. |
| 4 July 1415 to 11 November 1417 | interregnum | ||||
| 11 November 1417 to 20 February 1431 | 'Martin V' | Papa 'Martinus' Quintus, Episcopus Romanus | Oddone Colonna | Rome, Italy | Convened the Council of Basel, 1431 |
| 3 March 1431 to 23 February 1447 | 'Eugene IV', '''O.S.A.''' | Papa 'Eugenius' Quartus, Episcopus Romanus | Gabriele Condulmer | Venice, Italy | crowned Sigismund emperor at Rome in 1433. |
| 6 March 1447 to 24 March 1455 | 'Nicholas V', '''O.P.''' | Papa 'Nicolaus' Quintus, Episcopus Romanus | Tommaso Parentucelli | Sarzana, Liguria, Italy | Held Jubilee of 1450; crowned Frederick III emperor at Rome in 1452. |
| 8 April 1455 to 6 August 1458 | 'Callixtus III' | Papa 'Callistus' Tertius, Episcopus Romanus | Alfonso de Borgia | Xàtiva, València, Spain | First Spanish Pope |
| 19 August 1458 to 15 August 1464 | 'Pius II' | Papa 'Pius' Secundus, Episcopus Romanus | Enea Silvio Piccolomini | Siena, Italy | |
| 30 August 1464 to 26 July 1471 | 'Paul II' | Papa 'Paulus' Secundus, Episcopus Romanus | Pietro Barbo | Venice, Italy | Nephew of Eugene IV |
| 9 August 1471 to 12 August 1484 | 'Sixtus IV', '''O.F.M.''' | Papa 'Xystus' Quartus, Episcopus Romanus | Francesco della Rovere | Savona, Italy | Member of the Franciscan Order, Commissioned the Sistine Chapel |
| 29 August 1484 to 25 July 1492 | 'Innocent VIII' | Papa 'Innocentius' Octavus, Episcopus Romanus | Giovanni Battista Cybo | Genoa, Italy | Appointed Tomás de Torquemada |
| 11 August 1492 to 18 August 1503 | 'Alexander VI' | Papa 'Alexander' Sextus, Episcopus Romanus | Rodrigo de Lanzòl-Borgia | Xàtiva, València, Spain | Nephew of Callixtus III. Father to Cesare Borgia and Lucrezia Borgia. Divided the extra-European world between Spain and Portugal in 1493 by the Bull ''Inter caetera''. |
16th-20th Centuries
16th Century
| Pontificate | Portrait | Common English name | Regnal name | Personal name | Place of birth | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 22 September 1503 to 18 October 1503 |  | 'Pius III' | Papa 'Pius' Tertius, Episcopus Romanus | Francesco Todeschini Piccolomini | Siena, Tuscany, Italy | Nephew of Pius II |
| 31 October 1503 to 21 February 1513 |  | 'Julius II', '''O.F.M.''' | Papa 'Iulius' Secundus, Episcopus Romanus | Giuliano della Rovere | Albisola, Savona, Italy | Nephew of Sixtus IV; Convened the Fifth Council of the Lateran, 1512. Took effective control of the whole territory of the Papal States for the first time. Proposed plans for rebuilding of Saint Peter's Basilica |
| 9 March 1513 to 1 December 1521 |  | 'Leo X' | Papa 'Leo' Decimus, Episcopus Romanus | Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici | Florence, Italy | Son of Lorenzo the Magnificent. Excommunicated Martin Luther |
| 9 January 1522 to 14 September 1523 |  | 'Adrian VI' | Papa 'Hadrianus' Sextus, Episcopus Romanus | Adriaan Floriszoon Boeyens | Utrecht, Holy Roman Empire (presently The Netherlands) | The only Dutch Pope. Last non-Italian to be elected pope until John Paul II in 1978. The tutor of Emperor Charles V |
| 26 November 1523 to 25 September 1534 |  | 'Clement VII' | Papa 'Clemens' Septimus, Episcopus Romanus | Giulio di Giuliano de' Medici | Florence, Italy | Cousin of Leo X. Rome plundered by imperial troops ("Sacco di Roma"), 1527. He forbade the divorce of Henry VIII and crowned Charles V Emperor at Bologna in 1530. His niece Catherine de' Medici was married to the son of the French king. |
| 13 October 1534 to 10 November 1549 |  | 'Paul III' | Papa 'Paulus' Tertius, Episcopus Romanus | Alessandro Farnese | Canino, Viterbo, Italy | Opened the Council of Trent in 1545. His illegitimate son became the first Duke of Parma. |
| 29 November 1549 to 29 March 1555 |  | 'Julius III' | Papa 'Iulius' Tertius, Episcopus Romanus | Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte | Rome, Italy | |
| 9 April 1555 to April 30 or 1 May 1555 |  | 'Marcellus II' | Papa 'Marcellus' Secundus, Episcopus Romanus | Marcello Cervini | Montefano, Macerata, Italy | Last to use given name as regnal name |
| 23 May 1555 to 18 August 1559 |  | 'Paul IV' | Papa 'Paulus' Quartus, Episcopus Romanus | Giovanni Pietro Carafa | Capriglia, Campania, Italy | |
| 26 December 1559 to 9 December 1565 |  | 'Pius IV' | Papa 'Pius' Quartus, Episcopus Romanus | Giovanni Angelo Medici | Milan, Italy | Reopened the Council of Trent, 1562, it concluded its proceedings in 1563 |
| 7 January 1566 to 1 May 1572 |  | 'Pius V', '''O.P.''' Saint Pius | Papa 'Pius' Quintus, Episcopus Romanus | Michele Ghislieri | Bosco, Alessandria, Italy | Excommunicated Elizabeth I of England, 1570. Victory of Lepanto 1571 |
| 13 May 1572 to 10 April 1585 |  | 'Gregory XIII' | Papa 'Gregorius' Tertius Decimus, Episcopus Romanus | Ugo Boncompagni | Bologna, Italy | Reform of the calendar 1582 |
| 24 April 1585 to 27 August 1590 |  | 'Sixtus V', '''O.F.M. Conv.''' | Papa 'Xystus' Quintus, Episcopus Romanus | Felice Peretti | Grottammare, Marche, Italy | |
| 15 September 1590 to 27 September 1590 |  | 'Urban VII' | Papa 'Urbanus' Septimus, Episcopus Romanus | Giovanni Battista Castagna | Rome, Italy | |
| 5 December 1590 to 15 /16 October 1591 |  | 'Gregory XIV' | Papa 'Gregorius' Quartus Decimus, Episcopus Romanus | Niccolò Sfondrati | Cremona, Lombardy, Italy | |
| 29 October 1591 to 30 December 1591 |  | 'Innocent IX' | Papa 'Innocentius' Nonus, Episcopus Romanus | Giovanni Antonio Facchinetti | Bologna, Italy | |
| 30 January 1592 to 3 March 1605 |  | 'Clement VIII' | Papa 'Clemens' Octavus, Episcopus Romanus | Ippolito Aldobrandini | Fano, Marche, Italy |
17th Century
| Pontificate | Portrait | Common English name | Regnal name | Personal name | Place of birth | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 April 1605 to 27 April 1605 |  | 'Leo XI' | Papa 'Leo' Undecimus, Episcopus Romanus | Alessandro Ottaviano de' Medici | Florence, Italy | |
| 16 May 1605 to 28 January 1621 |  | 'Paul V' | Papa 'Paulus' Quintus, Episcopus Romanus | Camillo Borghese | Rome, Italy | |
| 9 February 1621 to 8 July 1623 |  | 'Gregory XV' | Papa 'Gregorius' Quintus Decimus, Episcopus Romanus | Alessandro Ludovisi | Bologna, Italy | |
| 6 August 1623 to 29 July 1644 |  | 'Urban VIII' | Papa 'Urbanus' Octavus, Episcopus Romanus | Maffeo Barberini | Florence, Italy | Trial against Galileo Galilei |
| 15 September 1644 to 7 January 1655 |  | 'Innocent X' | Papa 'Innocentius' Decimus, Episcopus Romanus | Giovanni Battista Pamphilj | Rome, Italy | |
| 7 April 1655 to 22 May 1667 |  | 'Alexander VII' | Papa 'Alexander' Septimus, Episcopus Romanus | Fabio Chigi | Siena, Tuscany, Italy | |
| 20 June 1667 to 9 December 1669 |  | 'Clement IX' | Papa 'Clemens' Nonus, Episcopus Romanus | Giulio Rospigliosi | Pistoia, Tuscany, Italy | |
| 29 April 1670 to 22 July 1676 |  | 'Clement X' | Papa 'Clemens' Decimus, Episcopus Romanus | Emilio Altieri | Rome, Italy | |
| 21 September 1676 to 11/12 August 1689 |  | 'Innocent XI' Blessed Innocent | Papa 'Innocentius' Undecimus, Episcopus Romanus | Benedetto Odescalchi | Como, Lombardy, Italy | |
| 6 October 1689 to 1 February 1691 |  | 'Alexander VIII' | Papa 'Alexander' Octavus, Episcopus Romanus | Pietro Vito Ottoboni | Padova, Veneto, Italy | |
| 12 July 1691 to 27 September 1700 |  | 'Innocent XII' | Papa 'Innocentius' Duodecimus, Episcopus Romanus | Antonio Pignatelli | Spinazzola, Puglia, Italy |
18th Century
| Pontificate | Portrait | Common English name | Regnal name | Personal name | Place of birth | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 23 November 1700 to 19 March 1721 |  | 'Clement XI' | Papa 'Clemens' Undecimus, Episcopus Romanus | Giovanni Francesco Albani | Urbino, Marche, Italy | |
| 8 May 1721 to 7 March 1724 |  | 'Innocent XIII' | Papa 'Innocentius' Tertius Decimus, Episcopus Romanus | Michelangelo de ’Conti; Michael Angelo Conti | Poli, Lazio, Italy | |
| 29 May 1724 to 21 February 1730 |  | 'Benedict XIII', '''O.P.''' | Papa 'Benedictus' Tertius Decimus, Episcopus Romanus | Pierfrancesco Orsini | Gravina, Puglia, Italy | |
| 12 July 1730 to 6 February 1740 |  | 'Clement XII' | Papa 'Clemens' Duodecimus, Episcopus Romanus | Lorenzo Corsini | Florence, Italy | |
| 17 August 1740 to 3 May 1758 |  | 'Benedict XIV' | Papa 'Benedictus' Quartus Decimus, Episcopus Romanus | Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini | Bologna, Italy | |
| 6 July 1758 to 2 February 1769 |  | 'Clement XIII' | Papa 'Clemens' Tertius Decimus, Episcopus Romanus | Carlo della Torre Rezzonico | Venice, Veneto, Italy | |
| 19 May 1769 to 22 September 1774 |  | 'Clement XIV', '''O.F.M. Conv.''' | Papa 'Clemens' Quartus Decimus, Episcopus Romanus | Giovanni Vincenzo Antonio Ganganelli | Sant'Arcangelo di Romagna, Italy | Suppressed the Jesuit Order. |
| 15 February 1775 to 29 August 1799 |  | 'Pius VI' | Papa 'Pius' Sextus, Episcopus Romanus | Giovanni Angelo Braschi | Cesena, Italy | Condemned the French Revolution and was expelled from the Papal States by French troops from 1798 until his death. |
19th Century
| Pontificate | Portrait | Common English name | Regnal name | Personal name | Place of birth | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 14 March 1800 to 20 August 1823 |  | 'Pius VII', '''O.S.B.''' | Papa 'Pius' Septimus, Episcopus Romanus | Barnaba Chiaramonti | Cesena, Italy | Present at Napoleon's coronation as Emperor of the French. Temporarily expelled from the Papal States by the French between 1809 and 1814. |
| 28 September 1823 to 10 February 1829 |  | 'Leo XII' | Papa 'Leo' Duodecimus, Episcopus Romanus | Annibale Sermattei della Genga | Fabriano, Marche, Italy | |
| 31 March 1829 to 1 December 1830 |  | 'Pius VIII' | Papa 'Pius' Octavus, Episcopus Romanus | Francesco Saverio Castiglioni | Cingoli, Marche, Italy | |
| 2 February 1831 to 1 June 1846 |  | 'Gregory XVI', '''O.S.B. Cam.''' | Papa 'Gregorius' Sextus Decimus, Episcopus Romanus | Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari | Belluno, Veneto, Italy | The last non-bishop to be elected |
| 16 June 1846 to 7 February 1878 |  | 'Pius IX' Blessed Pius IX | Papa 'Pius' Nonus, Episcopus Romanus | Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti | Senigallia, Marche, Italy | Opened First Vatican Council; lost the Papal States to Italy. Longest serving pope in history (see note on St. Peter.) |
| 20 February 1878 to 20 July 1903 |  | 'Leo XIII' | Papa 'Leo' Tertius Decimus, Episcopus Romanus | Gioacchino Vincenzo Raffaele Luigi Pecci | Carpineto Romano, Latium, Italy | Laid down the seeds of Catholic Social Teaching through his encyclical, Rerum Novarum (On Capital and Labor) and supported Christian Democracy as against communism; he is the third-longest reigning pope after Pius IX (reigned for 31 years) and John Paul II (reigned for 26 years) |
20th Century
| Pontificate | Portrait | Common English name | Regnal name | Personal name | Place of birth | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 August 1903 to 20 August 1914 |  | 'Pius X' Saint Pius X | Papa 'Pius' Decimus, Episcopus Romanus | Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto | Riese, Treviso, Veneto, Italy | Encouraged and expanded reception of Holy Communion. Most recent pope to be canonized. |
| 3 September 1914 to 22 January 1922 |  | 'Benedict XV' | Papa 'Benedictus' Quintus Decimus, Episcopus Romanus | Giacomo Della Chiesa | Genoa, Italy | Credited for intervening for peace during World War I. He is remembered by Pope Benedict XVI as "prophet of peace." |
| 6 February 1922 to 10 February 1939 |  | 'Pius XI' | Papa 'Pius' Undecimus, Episcopus Romanus | Achille Ambrogio Damiano Ratti | Desio, Milan, Italy | Signed the Lateran Treaty with Italy, establishing the Vatican City as a sovereign state. |
| 2 March 1939 to 9 October 1958 |  | 'Pius XII' Venerable Pius XII | Papa 'Pius' Duodecimus, Episcopus Romanus | Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli | Rome, Italy | Invoked papal infallibility in encyclical Munificentissimus Deus. |
| 28 October 1958 to 3 June 1963 |  | 'John XXIII' Blessed John XXIII | Papa 'Ioannes' Vicesimus Tertius, Episcopus Romanus | Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli | Sotto il Monte, Bergamo, Italy | Opened Second Vatican Council; sometimes called "Good Pope John" |
| 21 June 1963 to 6 August 1978 |  | 'Paul VI' Servant of God Paul VI | Papa 'Paulus' Sextus, Episcopus Romanus | Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini | Concesio, Brescia, Italy | The last pope to be crowned with the Papal Tiara. Concluded Second Vatican Council. |
| 26 August 1978 to 28 September 1978 |  | 'John Paul I' Servant of God John Paul I | Papa 'Ioannes Paulus' Primus, Episcopus Romanus | Albino Luciani | Forno di Canale (now Canale d'Agordo), Veneto, Italy | First Pope to use 'the First' in regnal name. First pope with two names, for his two immediate predecessors. |
| 16 October 1978 to 2 April 2005 |  | 'John Paul II' Servant of God John Paul II | Papa 'Ioannes Paulus' Secundus, Episcopus Romanus | Karol Józef Wojtyła | Wadowice, Poland | First Polish pope and first non-Italian pope in 455 years. Canonized more saints than all predecessors. Longest serving Pope since Pius IX (1846-1878) and 2nd longest serving Pope to date (see note on St. Peter. ) Played sizable role in ending communism in Eastern Europe. He is fondly remembered as "Pope of the Youth" and as "the Pilgrim Pope" for his extensive official travel. |
21st Century
| Pontificate | Portrait | Common English name | Regnal name | Personal name | Place of birth | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 19 April 2005 to present |  | 'Benedict XVI' | Papa 'Benedictus' Sextus Decimus, Episcopus Romanus | Joseph Alois Ratzinger | Marktl am Inn, Bavaria, Germany | First German pope since Pope Adrian VI in 1523. (Although Adrian VI spoke German and was born in the Holy Roman Empire, it is in what is now Dutch territory; the previous German pope before him was Stephen IX.) Oldest to become pope since Clement XII in 1730. First modern Pope from a predominantly non-Catholic country. |
Ages of popes
 |
| |
 |
Since 1400
| Common name | Pontificate | Elected at age | Died or resigned at age | Years as Pope | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
† The exact birth date of Innocent VIII and almost all popes prior to Eugene IV is unknown, therefore the lowest probable age has been assumed for this table.
‡ This pope resigned his office.
Oldest popes
| Ten oldest popes at election 1503-present | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pope | Year elected | Elected at age | Age at death | Years served as Pope |
| Clement X | 1670 | 79 yrs, 290 days | 86 | 6 |
| Alexander VIII | 1689 | 79 yrs, 177 days | 80 | 1 |
| Paul IV | 1555 | 78 yrs, 330 days | 83 | 4 |
| Clement XII | 1730 | 78 yrs, 100 days | 87 | 9 |
| Benedict XVI | 2005 | 78 yrs, 3 days | - | 2 |
| John XXIII | 1958 | 76 yrs, 337 days | 81 | 4 |
| Innocent XII | 1691 | 76 yrs, 124 days | 85 | 9 |
| Benedict XIII | 1724 | 75 yrs, 91 days | 81 | 5 |
| Innocent IX | 1591 | 72 yrs, 104 days | 72 | 0 |
| Innocent X | 1644 | 70 yrs, 151 days | 80 | 10 |
| Ten oldest popes at death 1503-present | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pope | Year elected | Elected at age | Age at death | Years served as Pope |
| Leo XIII | 1878 | 67 | 93 yrs, 140 days | 25 |
| Clement XII | 1730 | 78 | 87 yrs, 305 days | 9 |
| Clement X | 1670 | 79 | 86 yrs, 9 days | 6 |
| Pius IX | 1846 | 54 | 85 yrs, 270 days | 31 |
| Innocent XII | 1691 | 76 | 85 yrs, 107 days | 9 |
| John Paul II | 1978 | 58 | 84 yrs, 319 days | 26 |
| Gregory XIII | 1572 | 70 | 83 yrs, 92 days | 12 |
| Paul IV | 1555 | 78 | 83 yrs, 51 days | 4 |
| Benedict XIV | 1740 | 65 | 83 yrs, 33 days | 17 |
| Pius VII | 1800 | 59 | 83 yrs, 6 days | 23 |
| Statistics | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Date range | Age at election | Age at death | Years served as Pope |
| Average 1700 to 2005 | 65 | 78 | 13 |
| Average 1503 to 1700 | 63 | 70 | 7 |
| Average 1503 to 2005 | 64 | 74 | 10 |
Youngest popes
The data to determine the age and dates of birth of the youngest Popes is frequently unavailable, as Popes have generally been elected at older ages in modern times. The youngest Pope was probably either Pope Benedict IX (who became Pope at an unknown age between 11 and 20) or Pope John XII (who was 18 at the beginning of his papacy).
Notes on numbering of popes
A number of anomalies in the list given above need further explanation:
★ Felix II (356-357), Boniface VII (974, 984-985), John XVI (997-998), Benedict X (1058-1059) and Alexander V (1409-1410) are not listed because they are considered antipopes.
★ The numbering of popes named Felix has been amended to omit antipope Felix II. However, most lists still call the last two Felixes Felix III and Felix IV. Additionally, there was an antipope Felix V.
★ There has never been a pope John XX as a result of confusion of the numbering system in the 11th century.
★ Pope-elect Stephen, who died before being consecrated, is not on the Vatican's official list of popes since 1961, but appears on lists dating from before 1960. The numbering of following popes called ''Stephen'' are nowadays given as Pope Stephen II to Pope Stephen IX, rather than Stephen III to Stephen X.
★ When Simon de Brion became pope in 1281, he chose to be called ''Martin''. At that time, Marinus I and Marinus II were mistakenly considered to be Martin II and Martin III respectively, and so, erroneously, Simon de Brion became Pope Martin IV.
★ Pope Donus II, said to have reigned about 974, never existed. The belief resulted from the confusion of the title ''dominus'' (lord) with a proper name. (Pope Joan also probably never existed; however, legends about her may have originated from stories about the pornocracy.)
★ The status of Antipope John XXIII was uncertain for hundreds of years, and was finally settled in 1958 when Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli announced his own name as John XXIII. Baldassare Cossa, who was Antipope John XXIII, served as a Cardinal of the reunited church before his death in 1419 and his remains are found in the Battistero di San Giovanni (Florence).
See also
★ List of antipopes
★
★ Liber Pontificalis
★ List of sexually active popes
★ List of popes by length of reign
★ Prophecy of the Popes
★ List of German popes
★ List of French popes
★ African popes
★ Links between popes
★ Graphical list of popes
References
★ John N.D. Kelly, ''The Oxford Dictionary of Popes'', Oxford University Press, 1986.
★ AA.VV., ''Enciclopedia dei Papi'', Istituto dell'Enciclopedia italiana, 2000.
★ Pontificia Amministrazione della Patriarcale Basilica di San Paolo, ''I Papi. Venti secoli di storia'', Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2002.
External links
★ PopeChart.com
★ Catholic Encyclopedia
★ Giga-Catholic Information
★ Popes & Anti-Popes
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