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'Pharyngealization' is a secondary articulation of consonants or vowels by which the pharynx or epiglottis is constricted during the articulation of the sound. Arabic uses phonemic secondary pharyngealization for the "emphatic" coronal consonants. The letter '''' represents a pharyngealized glottal stop in many dialects. Ubykh, a Northwest Caucasian language formerly spoken in Russia and Turkey, uses pharyngealization in 14 pharyngealized consonants. Chilcotin has pharyngealized consonants that trigger pharyngealization of vowels. Many languages (e.g. Salishan, Sahaptian) in the Plateau culture area of North America also have pharyngealization processes triggered by pharyngeal or pharyngealized consonants that affect vowels. In Danish many of the vowel phonemes have distinct pharyngealized qualities, and in the Tuu languages epiglottalized vowels are phonemic.

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See also

See also

★ Creaky voice (laryngealization)

★ Pharyngeal consonant

★ Epiglottal consonant

★ Pharynx