'Perturbation' is a term used in
astronomy to describe alterations to an object's
orbit caused by
gravitational interactions with other bodies. For example, the orbits of
comets are often perturbed, particularly by the gravitational fields of the
giant planets -
Jupiter's gravitational influence caused the period of
Comet Hale-Bopp's orbit to decrease from 4200 to 2800 years. Planets also perturb the orbits of other planets, a fact which lead to the discovery of
Neptune as a result of its perturbations of the orbit of
Uranus.
See also
★
Orbit