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'Otranto' is a town and commune in the province of Lecce (Apulia, Italy), in a fertile region, and once famous for its breed of horses.
Otranto is situated on the east coast of the Salento peninsula.
The Strait of Otranto connects the Adriatic Sea with the Ionian Sea. The harbour is small and has little trade.

About 50 km southeast lies the promontory of Santa Maria di Leuca (so called since ancient times from its white cliffs, ''leukos'' being Greek for white), the southeastern extremity of Italy, the ancient ''Promontorium lapygium'' or ''Sallentinum''. The district between this promontory and Otranto is thickly populated, and very fertile.

Contents

History

Main sights

Culture

See also

Sources and references

External links

History

Otranto occupies the site of the ancient 'Hydrus' or 'Hydruntum', a town of Greek origin, which, in the wars of Pyrrhus and of Hannibal sided against Rome.
In Roman times it was a city in the Provincia Calabria. As it is the nearest port to the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea, it was perhaps more important than Brundisium (present Brindisi), under the Roman emperors as a point of embarkation for the East, as the distance to Apollonia was less than from Brundisium.
In the 8th century, it was for some time in the possession of duke Arechis II of Benevento. It remained in the hands of the Byzantine emperors until it was among the last cities of Apulia to surrender to the Norman Robert Guiscard in 1068, and then became part of the Principality of Taranto. In the Middle Ages the Jews had a school there.
:''See also Battle of Otranto for the 1480 invasion.''
In 1480, without cause or warning , the Turkish fleet invaded and landed nearby and took the city and its fort. The Pope called for a crusade, with a massive force built up by Ferdinand I of Naples, among them notably troops of Hungarian king Matthias Corvinus, despite frequent Italian quarreling at the time. The Neapolitan force met with the Turks in 1481, thoroughly annihilating them and recapturing Otranto. However, in the two battles, the city was utterly destroyed, and has never since recovered its importance since the sack of Otranto by the Turks, in which 12,000 men are said to have perished — among them, Bishop Stephen Pendinelli, who was sawn to death. A large percentage of these captured were given the choice of converting to Islam or death - 800 men were beheaded outside the city. The "valley of the martyrs" still recalls this dreadful event.
In 1537, the famous Turkish corsair and Ottoman admiral Barbarossa captured Otranto and the Fortress of Castro, but the Turks were eventually repulsed from the city and the rest of Puglia.
In 1804, the city was obliged to harbour a French garrison that was established there to watch the movements of the English fleet. Under the French name of 'Otranto' it was created a duché grand-fief de l'Empire in the Napoleonic kingdom of Naples for Joseph Fouché, Napoleon's minister of Police (1809), the grandfather of Margareta Fouché. The family used the title of duc d'Otrante after Joseph Fouché's death.

Main sights

Otranto main monuments include:

★ The ''Castello Aragonese'' (Castle), reinforced by Emperor Frederick II and rebuilt by Alfonso I of Aragon in 1485-1498. It has an irregular plan with five sides, with a moat running along the entire perimeter. In origin it had a single entrance, reachable through a draw-bridge. Towers include three cylindrical ones an a bastion called ''Punta di Diamante'' ("Diamond's Head"). The entrance sports the coat of arms of Emperor Charles V.

★ The ''Cathedral'', consecrated in 1088, a work of Count Roger I adorned later (about 1163), by Bishop Jonathas, with a mosaic floor; it has a rose window and side portal of 1481. The interior, a basilica with nave and two aisles, contains columns said to come from a temple of Minerva and a fine mosaic pavement of 1166, with interesting representations of the months, Old Testament subjects and others. It has a crypt supported by forty-two marble columns. The same Count Roger also founded a Basilian monastery here, which, under Abbot Nicetas, became a place of study; its library was nearly all bought by Bessarion.

★ The church of ''San Pietro'', with Byzantine frescoes.

★ The catacombs of ''Torre Pinta''.

Culture

Otranto is the setting of Horace Walpole's book, ''The Castle of Otranto'', which is generally held to be the first gothic novel.

See also

★ Bishopric of Otranto

★ Battle of Otranto

Sources and references

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★ Heraldica.org- Napoleonic

★ GigaCatholic

External links

★ Guide of Otranto

★ archdiocsan website

★ Adrian Fletcher’s Paradoxplace – Otranto Cathedral Mosaics Photo Page

★ Otranto Guide