NIGHTJAR

'Nightjars' are medium-sized nocturnal birds with long wings, short legs and very short bills that usually nest on the ground. Nightjars are sometimes referred to as 'goatsuckers' from the mistaken belief that they suck milk from goats (the Latin for goatsucker is ''Caprimulgus''). Some North American species are named as 'nighthawks'.
Nightjars are found around the world. They are mostly active in the late evening and early morning or at night, and feed predominantly on moths and other large flying insects.
Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is cryptically coloured to resemble bark or leaves. Some species, unusually for birds, perch along a branch, rather than across it. This helps to conceal them during the day.
The Common Poorwill, ''Phalaenoptilus nuttallii'' is unique as a bird that undergoes a form of hibernation, becoming torpid and with a much reduced body temperature for weeks or months.
Nightjars lay one or two patterned eggs directly onto bare ground.

Contents

Systematics

External links

Systematics

Traditionally, nightjars have been divided into two subfamilies: the Caprimulginae, or typical nightjars with about 70 species, and the Chordeilinae, or nighthawks of the New World with about 9 species. The two groups are similar in most respects, but the typical nightjars have rictal bristles, longer bills, and softer plumage. In their pioneering DNA-DNA hybridisation work, Sibley and Ahlquist found that the genetic difference between the eared-nightjars and the typical nightjars was, in fact, greater than that between the typical nightjars and the nighthawks of the New World. Accordingly, they placed the eared-nightjars in a separate family: Eurostopodidae.
Subsequent work, both morphological and genetic, has provided support for the separation of the typical and the eared-nightjars, and some authorities have adopted this Sibley-Ahlquist recommendation, and also the more far-reaching one to group all the owls (traditionally Strigiformes) together in the Caprimulgiformes. The listing below retains a more orthodox arrangement, but recognises the eared-nightjars as a separate group. For more detail and an alternative classification scheme, see Caprimulgiformes and Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy.


★ 'Subfamily Chordeilinae' (nighthawks)

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★ Genus ''Nyctiprogne''

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★ Band-tailed Nighthawk, ''Nyctiprogne leucopyga''

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★ Plain-tailed Nighthawk, ''Nyctiprogne vielliardi''

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★ Genus ''Podager'' - Nacunda Nighthawk

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★ Genus ''Lurocalis''

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★ Rufous-bellied Nighthawk, ''Lurocalis rufiventris''

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★ Short-tailed Nighthawk, ''Lurocalis semitorquatus''

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★ Genus ''Chordeiles''

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★ Least Nighthawk, ''Chordeiles pusillus''

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★ Sand-coloured Nighthawk, ''Chordeiles rupestris''

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★ Common Nighthawk, ''Chordeiles minor''

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★ Lesser Nighthawk, ''Chordeiles acutipennis''

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★ Antillean Nighthawk, ''Chordeiles gundlachii''

★ 'Subfamily Caprimulginae' (typical nightjars)

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★ Genus ''Nyctidromus'' - Pauraque

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★ Genus ''Phalaenoptilus'' - Common Poorwill

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★ Genus ''Siphonorhis''

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★ Jamaican Pauraque, ''Siphonorhis americana'' - extinct (late 19th century); rumors of survival

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★ Least Pauraque, ''Siphonorhis brewsteri''

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★ Cuban Parauque, ''Siphonorhis daiquiri'' - extinct (prehistoric); rumors of survival

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★ Genus ''Nyctiphrynus''

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★ Eared Poorwill, ''Nyctiphrynus mcleodii''

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★ Ocellated Poorwill, ''Nyctiphrynus ocellatus''

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★ Yucatan Poorwill, ''Nyctiphrynus yucatanicus''

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★ 'Genus' '''Caprimulgus''' (some 50-60 species)

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★ Genus ''Macrodipteryx'' (long-primaried nightjars)

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★ Standard-winged Nightjar, ''Macrodipteryx longipennis''

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★ Pennant-winged Nightjar, ''Macrodipteryx vexillarius''

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★ Genus ''Hydropsalis''

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★ Scissor-tailed Nightjar, ''Hydropsalis brasiliana''

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★ Ladder-tailed Nightjar, ''Hydropsalis climacocerca''

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★ Genus ''Uropsalis''

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★ Lyre-tailed Nightjar, ''Uropsalis lyra''

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★ Swallow-tailed Nightjar, ''Uropsalis segmentata''

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★ Genus ''Macropsalis''

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★ Long-trained Nightjar, ''Macropsalis creagra''

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★ Genus ''Eleothreptus''

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★ Sickle-winged Nightjar, ''Eleothreptus anomalus''
Also see a list of nightjars, sortable by common and binomial names.

External links

★ Internet Bird Collection: Nightjar videos. Retrieved 2006-DEC-02.