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The 'Newton-Jenney Party of 1875', led by Henry Newton and Walter P. Jenney, and escorted by a military detachment led by Lieutenant Colonel Richard I Dodge. Also known as the Jenney-Newton Party, it was a scientific expedition sponsored by the United States Geological Survey to map the Black Hills of South Dakota. The Newton-Jenney expedition was established in response to the Black Hills Gold Rush which had been escalated the previous year by General George Armstrong Custer's expedition into the Black Hills. The Newton-Jenney Party included many figures who would gain notarity in the 19th century, including Dr. Valentine McGillycuddy, Calamity Jane, and California Joe.

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