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EspañolNEWSPAPER OF RECORD
A "'newspaper of record'" is a colloquial term that generally refers to a newspaper that meets at least one of two criteria:
# high standards of journalism, the articles of which establish a definitive record of current events, for use by future scholars, and/or
# compliance with the legal requirements necessary to be recognized by the government as permitted to carry public or legal notices and have the notices be recognized as being made public by publication in that newspaper. Newspapers qualifying under this provision are sometimes also referred to as a 'newspaper of ''public'' record'.
In its more common meaning, a ''newspaper of record'' is generally any public newspaper that has a large circulation and whose editorial and news-gathering functions are considered professional and typically unbiased.
Newspapers of record are usually found internationally at newsstands as representative of the publishing country's news. Newspapers of record generally have strong editors and proprietors, and are allowed to hold independent views from those of their proprietor.
Controversy
Some editors of top Western newspapers consider the term obsolete and meaningless, when used in its strict, "record keeping" meaning. In that meaning, the term is considered a legacy of a time when newspapers were required to print official bulletins, shippingschedules, and the like, before the advent of the more literary forms of modern journalism. Daniel Okrent, at the time the public editor of the ''New York Times,'' wrote on April 25, 2004[1] that his paper is no longer a newspaper of record, and that this change is to be welcomed. In his view, the journalism of a "newspaper of record" is "as much stenography as reporting, as much virtual reprinting of handouts (in the form of verbatim transcripts of unexceptional speeches) as provocative journalism." John Geddes, the managing editor of the ''New York Times'', expressed this even more strongly: "I don't think there can be a 'paper of record.' The term implies an omniscient chronicler of events, an arbiter that perfectly captures the significance and import of a day in our lives. I don't work at that place."
Broadsheet, compact and tabloid
In a number of countries newspapers of record have generally been broadsheet, although now some of these publications have switched or are planning to switch to a tabloid/compact format, partially as a cost-cutting measure but also to appeal more to the commuter (as the smaller sizes are more suitable to reading on public transport).
List of newspapers of record
Newspapers that meet one or both of the abovementioned criteria to be considered a "newspaper of record" include (classified by language):
Newspapers of record in English, by country
Australia
★ ''The Australian'': National
★ ''The Australian Financial Review'': National
★ ''The Sydney Morning Herald'': Sydney
★ ''The Age'': Melbourne
Bermuda
★ ''The Royal Gazette'': National
Canada
★ ''The Globe and Mail'': National
★ ''The National Post'': National
★ ''The Toronto Star'': Toronto/Southern Ontario
Egypt
★ ''Al-Ahram Weekly'': Cairo
Hong Kong
★ ''South China Morning Post''
★ ''The Standard''
India
★ ''The Hindu'': Chennai (main base)
★ ''The Hindustan Times'': Delhi (main base)
★ ''The Times of India'': Mumbai (main base)
★ ''The Asian Age'': Mumbai (main base)
★ ''The Indian Express'': Delhi (main base)
★ ''Deccan Herald'': Bangalore (main base)
★ ''The Telegraph'': Kolkata (main base)
★ ''The Economic Times'': Mumbai (main base)
Ireland
★ ''The Irish Times'': Dublin
★ ''The Irish Examiner'': Cork
Israel
★ ''Haaretz'': Jerusalem
★ ''The Jerusalem Post'': Jerusalem
Lebanon
★ ''The Daily Star'': Beirut, printed and distributed with the International Herald Tribune
Malaysia
★ ''New Straits Times'': Kuala Lumpur
New Zealand
★ ''The New Zealand Herald'': Auckland
Pakistan
★ ''Dawn'': Karachi
★ ''The News International'': Karachi, Lahore & Islamabad
★ ''Daily Times'': Lahore
Philippines
★ ''Philippine Daily Inquirer'': Makati City
★ ''Manila Bulletin'': Manila
★ ''Manila Standard Today'': Manila
★ ''Manila Times'': Manila
★ ''Philippine Star'': Manila
Singapore
★ ''The Straits Times'':
South Africa
★ ''Mail & Guardian'': Johannesburg
United Arab Emirates
★ ''Khaleej Times'': Dubai
United Kingdom
England
★ Traditionally, ''The Times'': London has been considered as "without rival, the paper of record"
★ ''The Daily Telegraph'': London has also been considered the "other paper of record"
★ ''The Guardian'': London
★ ''The Independent'': London
★ ''Financial Times'': London (main base)
Scotland
★ ''The Scotsman'': Edinburgh, "Scotland's national newspaper"
★ ''The Herald'': Glasgow
Wales
★ ''The Western Mail'': Cardiff, "The national newspaper of Wales".
Northern Ireland
★ ''The Belfast Telegraph'': Belfast, moderate Unionist
★ ''The News Letter'': Belfast, Unionist (the oldest English language newspaper still in publication in the world, founded in 1737)
★ ''The Irish News'': Belfast, moderate Nationalist
United States
Because of the First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, and U.S. Supreme Court decisions such as ''Near v. Minnesota'', the government does not (and can not) define certain papers as having a right to print, or otherwise promote, restrict, or license newspapers. Therefore, in the U.S. a newspaper of record is generally held to be any public newspaper that has a large circulation (in many states, public notices are required to be published in a paper "of general circulation"), professional editorial and news-gathering functions, and generally unbiased/objective reporting.
There are provisions whereby a newspaper may file an application to be recognized by the local government as a newspaper of ''public'' record for the purpose of publishing legal notices. This is generally done for revenue purposes, as certain types of legal publications (such as fictitious name registrations, mortgage and trust deed foreclosure and notices dealing with a lawsuit) may require publication in a newspaper that is not merely a ''de facto'' newspaper of record, but one that has specifically registered with the government as one and been recognized as such. However, being a "newspaper of public record" does not make you what is known as a "newspaper of record."
This is why, despite its having a large circulation, a newspaper such as ''The National Enquirer'' is ''not'' considered a newspaper of record (its news-gathering functions are not considered professional, nor are its stories considered unbiased, or even factual), while a paper such as the ''Washington Post'', with a smaller circulation, ''is'' generally considered a newspaper of record.
Many U.S. daily newspapers having a publication of 500,000 or 1,000,000 and above would typically qualify as newspapers of record. Examples of some newspapers that many would regard as appropriate "newspapers of record" would likely include:
★ ''The New York Times'': New York City (Considered the national newspaper of record)
★ ''Wall Street Journal'': New York City (newspaper of record on business and economics)
★ ''Washington Post'': Washington, D.C.
★ ''San Francisco Chronicle'': San Francisco, CA
★ ''Los Angeles Times'': Los Angeles
and, to a lesser extent:
★ ''Boston Globe'': Boston, MA
★ ''Chicago Tribune'': Chicago, IL
★ ''Christian Science Monitor'': Boston, MA (despite its name the CSM does not have a religious theme)
★ ''Dallas Morning News'': Dallas, TX
Others
★ ''International Herald Tribune'': Paris (main base)
Newspapers of record in Arabic, by country
International
★ ''Asharq Al-Awsat'': London
★ ''Al-Hayat'': London and Beirut
Egypt
★ ''Al-Ahram'': Cairo
Israel
★ ''Al-Quds'': Jerusalem
Lebanon
★ ''Al Akhbar'', Beirut
★ ''An-Nahar'', Beirut
Newspapers of record in Dutch, by country
Belgium
★ ''De Standaard'': Brussels
★ ''De Morgen'': Brussels
★ ''De Tijd'' : Antwerp
The Netherlands
★ ''NRC Handelsblad'': Rotterdam
★ ''De Volkskrant'': Amsterdam
Newspapers of record in French, by country
Canada
★ ''La Presse'': Montreal
★ ''Le Devoir'': Montreal
France
★ ''Le Monde'': Paris - arguably the newspaper of record for the entire francophone world
★ ''Le Monde diplomatique'': Paris
★ ''Le Figaro'': Paris
★ ''Libération'': Paris
★ ''Les Échos'': Paris
Lebanon
★ ''L'Orient-Le Jour'': Beirut
Switzerland
★ ''Le Temps'': Geneva
Newspapers of record in German, by country
Austria
★ ''Die Presse'': Vienna
★ ''Der Standard'': Vienna
★ ''Salzburger Nachrichten'': Salzburg
★ ''Wiener Zeitung'': Vienna - the oldest newspaper in the world
Germany
★ ''Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung'': Frankfurt
★ ''Süddeutsche Zeitung'': Munich
★ ''Die Welt'': Berlin
★ ''Die Zeit'': Hamburg
Luxembourg
★ ''d'Wort'': Luxembourg City
Switzerland
★ ''Neue Zürcher Zeitung'': Zürich
Newspapers of record in Spanish, by country
Argentina
★ ''Clarín'': Buenos Aires
★ ''La Nación'': Buenos Aires
Bolivia
★ ''El Diario'': La Paz
Chile
★ ''El Mercurio'': Santiago
Colombia
★ ''El Tiempo'': Bogotá
Costa Rica
★ ''Al Día'': San José
Dominican Republic
★ ''Listín Diario'': Santo Domingo
Guatemala
★ ''Prensa Libre'': Guatemala City
★ ''El Periódico'': Guatemala City
★ ''Diario de Centro América'': Guatemala City
Mexico
★ ''Excélsior'': Mexico City
★ ''El Universal'': Mexico City
★ ''El Norte'': Monterrey
★ ''Reforma'': Monterrey
Nicaragua
★ ''La Prensa'': Managua
Peru
★ ''El Comercio'': Lima
★ ''La República'': Lima
Spain
★ ''El País'': Madrid
★ ''El Mundo'': Madrid
★ ''Diario ABC'': Madrid
★ ''La Vanguardia '': Barcelona
United States
★ ''La Opinion'': Los Angeles
★ ''El Nuevo Herald'': Miami
Venezuela
★ ''El Nacional'': Caracas
★ ''El Universal'': Caracas
Newspapers of record in Chinese, by territory
People's Republic of China
★ The ''People's Daily'': National ''Note that it qualifies chiefly because it is a newspaper of ''public'' record, i.e. that the PRC government uses it to publish legal notices.
Republic of China (Taiwan)
★ ''China Times'': Taipei
Hong Kong
★ ''Ming Pao'': Chai Wan
North America
★ ''Ming Pao'': National (United States, Canada) ''Separate editions of the Hong Kong paper published in the US and Canada.''
★ ''Sing Tao Daily'': National (United States, Canada) ''Separate editions of the Hong Kong paper published in the US and Canada.''
★ ''World Journal'': National (United States, Canada)
Danish newspapers of record
★ ''Berlingske Tidende'': Copenhagen.
★ ''Politiken'': Copenhagen.
Finnish newspapers of record
★ ''Helsingin Sanomat'': Helsinki in Finland
Greek newspapers of record
★ ''Kathimerini'': Athens in Greece
★ ''To Vima'': Athens in Greece
★ ''Estia'': Athens in Greece Greece's oldest newspaper
Hebrew newspapers of record
★ ''Haaretz'': Tel Aviv in Israel
Italian newspapers of record
★ ''Corriere della Sera'': Milan in Italy
★ ''La Repubblica'': Rome in Italy
★ ''La Stampa'': Turin in Italy
★ ''L'Osservatore Romano'': Vatican City
Japanese newspapers of record
★ ''Asahi Shimbun'': Tokyo in Japan
★ ''Yomiuri Shimbun'': Tokyo in Japan
Korean newspapers of record
★ ''JoongAng Ilbo'': Seoul in South Korea
★ ''The Korea Times'': Seoul in South Korea
Norwegian newspapers of record
★ ''Aftenposten'': Oslo in Norway
Serbian newspapers of record
★ ''Politika'': Belgrade in Serbia
★ ''Borba'': Belgrade in Serbia
★ ''Večernje Novosti'': Belgrade in Serbia
Swedish newspapers of record
★ ''Dagens Nyheter'': Stockholm in Sweden
★ ''Svenska Dagbladet'': Stockholm in Sweden
★ ''Hufvudstadsbladet'': Helsinki in Finland
Polish newspapers of record
★ ''Gazeta Wyborcza'': Warsaw in Poland
★ ''Rzeczpospolita'': Warsaw in Poland
Portuguese newspapers of record
★ ''Expresso'': Lisbon
★ ''Público'': Lisbon
★ ''Jornal de Notícias'': Porto
★ ''Diário de Notícias'': Lisbon
Turkish newspapers of record
★ ''Radikal'': Istanbul
★ ''Cumhuriyet'': Istanbul
Urdu newspapers of record
★ ''Daily Jang'': Karachi and Lahore in Pakistan
Vietnamese newspapers of record
★ Thanhnien:Ho Chi Minh City
★ Tuoitre:Ho Chi Minh City
References
1. THE PUBLIC EDITOR; Paper of Record? No Way, No Reason, No Thanks, The New York Times, 25 April 2004
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